Chemical Constituents in Some Promising Genotypes of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.]

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNITA SINGH ◽  
R. P. SINGH ◽  
H. K. SINGH ◽  
N. A. KHAN ◽  
M. K. MAURYA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre

Among the oilseed Brassica crops, Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.] is an important source of oil from a nutritional point of view. The nutritional value of oil and cake quality is governed mainly by the composition of its fatty acids, iodine value, saponification, acid value, glucosinolates, crude fibre, protein and limiting amino acids, etc. Seventeen varieties/strains of Indian mustard were taken for saturated and unsaturated fatty acid analysis. The eicosenoic was absent in genotype (NUDBYJ-10) and erucic acid (NUDBYJ-10, LES-46 and Pusa mustard- 21). The fatty acid composition found a variable in different genotypes. Saturated fatty acid, Palmitic + Stearic ranged between 2.3 to 6.5%, Oleic 10.6 to 40.7%, Linoleic 16.1 to 37.7%, Linolenic 13.3 to 26.7%, Eicosenoic 0.00 to 10.30% and Erucic acid 0.00 to 47.50%, respectively. Alternaria blight severity also varied in different genotypes and ranged between 18.75 to 56.25%, maximum being in genotype Kranti and minimum in LES-47. No significant correlation was observed between the fatty acid composition and disease severity. The oil content range from 38.1 to 42.60% and protein content was found highest in variety RGN-73. The amino acid viz. methionine and tryptophan range between 0.41 to 1.81 g/16gN and 0.41 to 1.81 g /16g N, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Quality Characteristics and Variations in Fatty Acid Composition of Different Varieties of Rapeseed and Mustard (Brassica spp.)

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Md. Delwar Hossain ◽  
Kamal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Mst. Farhana Nazneen Chowdhury ◽  
Alak Barman ◽  
Arif Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

With a view to studying the qualitative features and the variations in fatty acid composition of 6 rapeseed (B. campestris and B. napus) and mustard (B. juncea) varieties, an experiment was conducted. Among these varieties, BARI Sarisha-14 presented the value of 168.4 which was recorded the highest. Both BARI Sarisha-11 and BARI Sarisha-14 was found with the highest iodine value of 39.44; and the highest amount of acid value was recorded from BARI Sarisha-11 (1.867). Gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method has been used to determine the composition of essential fatty acid in the seeds of Brassica spp. (L.). From the GLC analysis, it was found that erucic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and lenolenic acid were the prime fatty acids in all the varieties. Erucic acid was in the range of 41.11 – 51.28%, oleic acid was the highest both in BARI Sarisha-11 and BARI Sarisha- 13 contained (18.69%), while BARI Sarisha-9 contained the highest amount of the unsaturated linoleic (17.75%)  and linolenic (15.83%) acids. Moreover, palmitic acid, stearic acid and archidic acid were also present in small amount.

Changes in Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties of Bee Pollen by Application of Gamma Irradiation and Ozone Treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONG-SUN YOOK ◽  
SEONG-IL LIM ◽  
MYUNG-WOO BYUN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Value

The effects of gamma irradiation and ozone treatment on microbiological and physicochemical properties of bee pollen were investigated. Gamma irradiation at 7.5 kGy reduced the total microbial loads below detection levels (>102 CFU g−1) but after ozone treatment of up to 18 ppm for 8 h the total aerobic bacteria were found in concentrations of more than 103 CFU g−1. Physicochemical properties such as amino acid and fatty acid composition, thiobarbituric acid value, mineral content, and pigment were not significantly changed by gamma irradiation, whereas ozone treatment caused significant changes in fatty acid composition, thiobarbituric acid value, and pigment by lipid oxidation and decoloration (P < 0.05).

LIPID AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN DEVELOPING RAPESEED, BRASSICA NAPUS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
R. K. DOWNEY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

Self-pollinated seed from normal and erucic acid free plants of summer rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was harvested at weekly intervals from pollination to maturity. Oven-dried whole seeds and their component parts were weighed and analyzed for oil content and fatty acid composition. Oil and dry matter accumulation followed sigmoidal patterns, most of the deposition occurring between 14 and 35 days after pollination (DAP). The relative contribution of the testa, endosperm and embryo to dry weight and oil content of whole seeds changed significantly during seed development. Oil content of the developing embryo varied from 22 to 44%, and the testa from 1.6 to 13%, although at maturity only 6 to 8% oil was found in the testa and adhering aleurone. The nucleate endosperm oil content was estimated to be low and in the order of 2 to 2.5%. In 7- to 14-day-old seeds the dry weight, oil content and fatty acid composition were largely determined by the testa and endosperm. From 14 to 21 DAP the testa and embryo were dominant and after 21 DAP the embryo was the controlling influence on the seed characteristics studied.Oils of the testa, nucleate endosperm and embryo differed in fatty acid composition. In seeds free of erucic acid, the ratios of the 18 carbon fatty acids of the embryo and testa remained nearly constant from 21 DAP to maturity. This suggested that the variation in fatty acid composition as well as oil content during seed development in this material was due to disproportionate changes in the contribution of the testa, nucleate endosperm and embryo. However, in developing seeds capable of producing erucic acid a change in the ratio of fatty acid synthesis occurred in both the testa and embryo.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY POULTRY OFFAL HYDROLYSATE ON THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND MEAT QUALITY OF PORK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. VAN LUNEN ◽  
R. L. WILSON ◽  
L. M. POSTE ◽  
G. BUTLER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Free Moisture ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Seventy-two feeder pigs, with a mean weight of 24.6 kg, were randomly allotted in groups of three to four dietary treatments to determine the effect of feeding poultry offal hydrolysate (POH) on fatty acid composition and meat quality. The four dietary treatments were: 0% POH (control), 5% POH, 10% POH and 15% POH on a dry matter basis. At slaughter (96.8 kg), the right loins from 60 pigs were retained for fatty acid analysis and meat quality evaluation. The longissimus dorsi muscle was dissected from each loin; 200 g were stored in an atmosphere of nitrogen and frozen for fatty acid analysis and 500 g were frozen for meat quality evaluation. Fat was extracted and methylated for fatty acid analysis. Separation and identification of individual fatty acid methyl esters was performed using gas chromatography. Sensory meat evaluation (pork flavour, off-flavour, tenderness and juiciness) was performed by 10 trained panelists. Warner-Bratzler shear evaluation and free moisture analyses were performed. The fatty acids in pork appear to exhibit a sensitive response to changes in dietary fat. Linear trends for fatty acids in the pork were, for the most part, opposite to trends in the diets. Inclusion of POH resulted in an increase in the total polyunsaturates present in the pork. There was no effect (P > 0.05) due to dietary treatment on flavour, tenderness or juiciness of the pork. No significant differences were found among the Warner-Bratzler shear measurements or free moisture determinations. Changes in fatty acid profile of pork do not appear to affect eating quality when POH is included in the diet at levels of up to 15% DM. Key words: Poultry offal, pork, fatty acid, meat quality

A 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11 (KCS11) homolog from Malania oleifera synthesizes nervonic acid in plants rich in 11Z-eicosenoic acid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuowei Li ◽  
Shijie Ma ◽  
Huan Song ◽  
Zheng Yang ◽  
Cuizhu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Nervonic Acid ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract Nervonic acid (24:1) is a major component in nerve and brain tissues and it has important applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Malania oleifera seeds contain about 40% nervonic acid. However, the mechanism of nervonic acid biosynthesis and accumulation in seeds of this endangered tree species remains unknown. In this study, developmental changes in fatty acid composition within embryos and their pericarps were investigated. Nervonic acid proportions steadily increased in developing embryos but 24:1 was not detected in pericarps at any stage. Two 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) homologs have been isolated from M. oleifera developing seeds by homologous cloning methods. Both KCSs are expressed in developing embryos but not detected in pericarps. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, these two KCSs were named as MoKCS4 and MoKCS11. Seed-specific expression of the MoKCS11 in Arabidopsis thaliana led to about 5% nervonic acid accumulation, while expression of the MoKCS4 did not show an obvious change in fatty acid composition. It is noteworthy that the transformation of the same MoKCS11 construct into two Brassica napus cultivars with high erucic acid did not produce the expected accumulation of nervonic acid, although expression of MoKCS11 was detected in the developing embryos of transgenic lines. In contrast, overexpression of MoKCS11 results in similar level of nervonic acid accumulation in camelina, a species which contains a similar level of 11Z-eicosenoic acid as does Arabidopsis thaliana. Taken together, the MoKCS11 may have a substrate preference for 11Z-eicosenoic acid, but not for erucic acid, in planta.

Relationship between the fatty acid composition of uropygial gland secretion and blood of meat chickens receiving different dietary fats

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Kanakri ◽  
Beverly Muhlhausler ◽  
John Carragher ◽  
Robert Gibson ◽  
Reza Barekatain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Preen Oil

Manipulation of the fatty acid composition of chicken feed has been shown to be effective for improving the nutritional value of chicken products. Currently, however, evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach requires invasive blood sampling or post mortem tissue sampling of the birds. Preen oil can be collected non-invasively from live birds. So this study aimed to test the hypothesis that the fatty acid composition of preen oil reflects that of the blood. Male and female meat chickens (Cobb 500) were fed a diet supplemented with 4% (w/w) flaxseed oil (high n-3 polyunsaturates) or beef tallow (mostly monounsaturates and saturates) for 6 weeks. Preen oil and whole blood samples (n = 9 birds per sex/diet treatment group) were collected freshly post mortem for fatty acid analysis. Preen oil analysis showed that ~97% of fatty acids were saturates, with a small percentage of n-6 polyunsaturates and traces of other types. There were negligible n-3 polyunsaturates in preen oil. Proportions of some saturated fatty acids were slightly, but significantly, affected by diet (C16:0 (P < 0.05) and C17:0 (P < 0.01)) or by gender (C10:0 and C18:0) (P < 0.05). Some fatty acids with odd numbers of carbon atoms (e.g. C17:0 and C19:0) were found in relatively high concentrations in preen oil, despite not being detectable in either the diet or blood. In conclusion, the fatty acid composition of preen oil does not accurately reflect the fatty acid profile of the blood; it is not, therefore, a suitable alternative for determining fatty acid status of meat chickens.

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