scholarly journals Pectobacterium carotovorum: agente fitopatógeno causante de la pudrición blanda en la papa (Solanum tuberosum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie Paola Amaya Guerrero ◽  
Mayra Eleonora Beltrán Pineda ◽  
Nadia Catalina Alfonso Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Expresión Génica

La papa (Solanum tuberosum) es un tubérculo de importancia a nivel mundial; es el cuarto cultivo de interés agronómico en términos de producción y área cultivada después del arroz (Oryza sativa), el maíz (Zea mays) y el trigo (Triticum aestivum). Pectobacterium carotovorum es un agente fitopatógeno de la papa que causa la podredumbre blanda del tubérculo, y es considerada como la enfermedad poscosecha más importante, pues genera grandes pérdidas económicas a nivel del almacenamiento. El presente documento pretende dar un esbozo de la biología del patógeno, los métodos existentes para la detección de dicho agente, la descripción del quorum sensing como mecanismo de la regulación de la expresión génica de sus factores de virulencia, el mecanismo de acción del patógeno, el proceso infectivo y los métodos actuales de control.

scholarly journals Estado del Cultivo de Plátano (Musa sp) en el Municipio de Tlapacoyan, Veracruz

UVserva ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Violeta Susan Tepetlan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
The World

Los bananos y plátanos (Musa sp) se cultivan en más de 120 países alrededor del mundo y suministran una importante fuente de carbohidratos para más de 400 millones de personas en países tropicales, representan el cuarto cultivo de mayor importancia después del maíz (Zea mays), trigo (Triticum aestivum) y arroz (Oryza sativa). En México, se cultivan en 15 Estados, la variedad de bananos y plátanos que se cultivan  es amplia, dentro de ellas destacan los bananos como el Plátano Tabasco o Roatán, Enano Gigante, Criollo, Valery, Dominico, Manzano y los plátanos Macho, Morado y Pera, entre otros. Veracruz, ocupa el tercer lugar a nivel nacional en su, después de Chiapas y Tabasco, produciéndose en zonas en las que el cultivo es una de las principales actividades.Palabras clave: cultivo de plátano; Veracruz; países tropicales; Tlapacoyan Abstract Bananas and plantains are grown in more than 120 countries around the world, provides an important source of carbohydrates for more than 400 million people in tropical countries, is the fourth most important crop after maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa). In Mexico, are grown in 15 states, banana and plantain cultivars that are grown is wide, within them we can found bananas as Tabasco or Roatán, Giant Dwarf, Macho, Criollo, Valery, Dominico, Manzano and plantains as Morado and Pera between others. Veracruz, is third in banana production, after Chiapas and Tabasco, taking place in areas where this crop is one of the main activities.Keywords: banana cultivation; Veracruz; tropical countries; Tlapacoyan

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Vacuolar H+-ATPase Subunit H Gene Family in Crop Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Kang ◽  
Fengjie Sun ◽  
Lei Yan ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Jianrong Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Atpase Subunit ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
H Gene ◽  
Gossypium Raimondii

The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) plays many important roles in cell growth and in response to stresses in plants. The V-ATPase subunit H (VHA-H) is required to form a stable and active V-ATPase. Genome-wide analyses of VHA-H genes in crops contribute significantly to a systematic understanding of their functions. A total of 22 VHA-H genes were identified from 11 plants representing major crops including cotton, rice, millet, sorghum, rapeseed, maize, wheat, soybean, barley, potato, and beet. All of these VHA-H genes shared exon-intron structures similar to those of Arabidopsis thaliana. The C-terminal domain of VHA-H was shorter and more conserved than the N-terminal domain. The VHA-H gene was effectively used as a genetic marker to infer the phylogenetic relationships among plants, which were congruent with currently accepted taxonomic groupings. The VHA-H genes from six species of crops (Gossypium raimondii, Brassica napus, Glycine max, Solanum tuberosum, Triticum aestivum, and Zea mays) showed high gene structural diversity. This resulted from the gains and losses of introns. Seven VHA-H genes in six species of crops (Gossypium raimondii, Hordeum vulgare, Solanum tuberosum, Setaria italica, Triticum aestivum, and Zea mays) contained multiple transcript isoforms arising from alternative splicing. The study of cis-acting elements of gene promoters and RNA-seq gene expression patterns confirms the role of VHA-H genes as eco-enzymes. The gene structural diversity and proteomic diversity of VHA-H genes in our crop sampling facilitate understanding of their functional diversity, including stress responses and traits important for crop improvement.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad y estimación del consumo de forrajes y concentrados en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Alfonso Cordero F. ◽  
José Contreras P. ◽  
James Curasma C. ◽  
Miguel Tunque Q. ◽  
Daniel Enríquez Q.
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vicugna Pacos

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación in situ de la materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC) y la estimación del consumo mediante ecuaciones de predicción de MS de forrajes y alimentos concentrados en alpacas Huacaya (Vicugna pacos). Se trabajó con ensilado de maíz chala (Zea mays L) sin y con 1% de urea, cebada (Hordeum vulgare L), avena (Avena sativa L), salvado de trigo (Triticum aestivum L) y raspa de papa (Solanum tuberosum). Los alimentos (5 g en base seca) fueron colocados en sacos de nylon e incubados en el primer compartimento estomacal de dos alpacas fistuladas durante 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 76 horas. Se analizó la MS y la PC de los residuos de los sacos. La MS y la PC del salvado de trigo y de la raspa de papa presentaron potenciales de degradación elevados, así como la MS y la PC de la avena. Se destaca la mayor fracción no degradable de la PC del maíz chala sin y con urea y, por tanto, una menor degradabilidad de la PC. Las estimaciones del consumo por las alpacas generadas por las ecuaciones de tres estudios no son adecuadas a los alimentos en estudio.

Trichodorus viruliferus. [Distribution map].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Large Host ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Trichodorus viruliferus Hooper Nematoda: Trichodoridae Extremely large host range, including apple (Malus pumila), barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), pea (Pisum sativum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), rye (Secale cereale), sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Florida.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Parthenium Hysterophorus L. on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Some Cultivated and Wild Herbaceous Species

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seerjana Maharjan ◽  
Bharat Babu Shrestha ◽  
Pramod Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Ageratina Adenophora ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Artemisia Dubia

Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of leaves of Parthenium hysterophorus were studied on seed germination and seedling growth of three cereal crops (Oryza sativa L., Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L.), three cultivated crucifers (Raphanus sativus L., Brassica campestris L. and Brassica oleracea L.) and two wild species of family Asteraceae (Artemisia dubia Wall ex. Besser and Ageratina adenophora (Spreng) King and HE Robins). Seed germination of all crucifer species was completely inhibited at >2% leaf extract of Parthenium hysterophorus but in other species, except maize, complete failure of seed germination was recorded only at >6% in Triticum aestivum and Ageratina adenophora; at 10% in Oryza sativa and Artemisia dubia. Seed germination of Zea mays was not completely inhibited but it was low at high concentration of the extract. The extract had strong inhibitory effect to root elongation of seedling in cereals and to shoot elongation in crucifers and wild Asteraceae. Leaves of Parthenium hysterophorus may be a source of natural weedicide against Ageratina adenophora which will help to control invasive plants. Key words: Alien invasive; Asteraceae; Cereal crops; Crucifers; Seedling biomass; Weedicide. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v5i5.2653 Scientific World, Vol. 5, No. 5, July 2007 33-39

Orientation response of Pacific coast wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) to food baits in laboratory and effectiveness of baits in field

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Horton ◽  
Peter J. Landolt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Orientation Response ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Capture Rates

AbstractAssays were done in the laboratory and field to monitor the response of Pacific coast wireworm, Limonius canus LeConte, to food baits. A glass-plate assay was used in laboratory trials to study movement of wireworm larvae through soil in response to several food baits, including germinating seeds of grains, rolled oats [Avenu sauva L. (Poaceae)], carrot [Daucus carota L. (Umbelliferae)], and potato [Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae)]. Studies were also done with these baits to determine effectiveness under field conditions. In both laboratory and field trials, germinating seed of wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] and barley [Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae)] ranked higher in response by larvae than the remaining food baits. In the glass-plate assays, 65–70% of wireworms contacted the wheat or barley seed baits within a 2-h assay period. Corn [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] seed and sliced carrot were also effective, with 60% of larvae contacting the baits. Rice [Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae)], rye [Secale cereale L. (Poaceae)], and potato were contacted by 30–45% of larvae. In the majority of assays, contact with the bait occurred within 30 min of the start of the assay. Trail lengths varied substantially among larvae (0–70 cm). The field studies showed that all food baits captured more wireworms than unbaited traps. A second assay conducted in the laboratory showed that moistened rolled oats were contacted with a higher probability if oats were aged 72 h following wetting (51% of larvae contacted the bait) than oats used immediately following wetting (28% of larvae). Field trials using baits composed of different volumes of rolled oats showed little evidence of a dose response in capture rates of L. canus, although all baits captured more wireworms than unbaited traps. These studies showed that L. canus is attracted to food baits in both laboratory and field trials, and that baits may prove useful to monitor populations of this pest in the field.

Distortion of guineacorn (Sorghum vulgare) caused by a mealybug, Heterococcus nigeriensis Williams, in Northern Nigeria.

1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Harris
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
White Tissue ◽  
Whole Plants

Distortion, a severe stunting and deformation of plants of guineacorn (Sorghum vulgare) in Northern Nigeria, has been shown to be caused by Heterococcus nigeriensis Williams feeding on the plants.The symptoms are striking; affected stems are much shorter and wider than normal and leaves are mis-shapen, with irregularly divergent veins and white tissue between the veins. Symptoms in the field vary from small patches of distortion on other normal plants to whole plants affected. The abnormal leaves of a plant with severe distortion are crumpled and remain rolled together. Growth of the plants virtually ceases if the mealybug infestation continues but, in the absence of mealybugs, affected plants recover and produce normal leaves.Distortion has been found in the field, commonly on Sorghum vulgare, Zea mays and Cynodon dactylon, and once only on Pennisetum typhoides and Chloris pycnothrix, respectively, and has been produced experimentally on Z. mays, C. dactylon, P. typhoides, Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa and Digitaria exilis by transferring mealybugs from affected guineacorn.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document