scholarly journals Passive Sensing of Preteens’ Smartphone Use: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Cohort Substudy

10.2196/29426 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e29426
Author(s):  
Natasha Wade ◽  
Joseph M Ortigara ◽  
Ryan M Sullivan ◽  
Rachel L Tomko ◽  
Florence J Breslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Objective Measurement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Passive Sensing ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Screen Use

Background Concerns abound regarding childhood smartphone use, but studies to date have largely relied on self-reported screen use. Self-reporting of screen use is known to be misreported by pediatric samples and their parents, limiting the accurate determination of the impact of screen use on social, emotional, and cognitive development. Thus, a more passive, objective measurement of smartphone screen use among children is needed. Objective This study aims to passively sense smartphone screen use by time and types of apps used in a pilot sample of children and to assess the feasibility of passive sensing in a larger longitudinal sample. Methods The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study used passive, objective phone app methods for assessing smartphone screen use over 4 weeks in 2019-2020 in a subsample of 67 participants (aged 11-12 years; 31/67, 46% female; 23/67, 34% White). Children and their parents both reported average smartphone screen use before and after the study period, and they completed a questionnaire regarding the acceptability of the study protocol. Descriptive statistics for smartphone screen use, app use, and protocol feasibility and acceptability were reviewed. Analyses of variance were run to assess differences in categorical app use by demographics. Self-report and parent report were correlated with passive sensing data. Results Self-report of smartphone screen use was partly consistent with objective measurement (r=0.49), although objective data indicated that children used their phones more than they reported. Passive sensing revealed the most common types of apps used were for streaming (mean 1 hour 57 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 32 minutes), communication (mean 48 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 17 minutes), gaming (mean 41 minutes per day, SD 41 minutes), and social media (mean 36 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 7 minutes). Passive sensing of smartphone screen use was generally acceptable to children (43/62, 69%) and parents (53/62, 85%). Conclusions The results of passive, objective sensing suggest that children use their phones more than they self-report. Therefore, use of more robust methods for objective data collection is necessary and feasible in pediatric samples. These data may then more accurately reflect the impact of smartphone screen use on behavioral and emotional functioning. Accordingly, the ABCD study is implementing a passive sensing protocol in the full ABCD cohort. Taken together, passive assessment with a phone app provided objective, low-burden, novel, informative data about preteen smartphone screen use.

scholarly journals Passive Sensing of Preteens’ Smartphone Use: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Cohort Substudy (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Wade ◽  
Joseph M Ortigara ◽  
Ryan M Sullivan ◽  
Rachel L Tomko ◽  
Florence J Breslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Objective Measurement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Passive Sensing ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Screen Use

BACKGROUND Concerns abound regarding childhood smartphone use, but studies to date have largely relied on self-reported screen use. Self-reporting of screen use is known to be misreported by pediatric samples and their parents, limiting the accurate determination of the impact of screen use on social, emotional, and cognitive development. Thus, a more passive, objective measurement of smartphone screen use among children is needed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to passively sense smartphone screen use by time and types of apps used in a pilot sample of children and to assess the feasibility of passive sensing in a larger longitudinal sample. METHODS The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study used passive, objective phone app methods for assessing smartphone screen use over 4 weeks in 2019-2020 in a subsample of 67 participants (aged 11-12 years; 31/67, 46% female; 23/67, 34% White). Children and their parents both reported average smartphone screen use before and after the study period, and they completed a questionnaire regarding the acceptability of the study protocol. Descriptive statistics for smartphone screen use, app use, and protocol feasibility and acceptability were reviewed. Analyses of variance were run to assess differences in categorical app use by demographics. Self-report and parent report were correlated with passive sensing data. RESULTS Self-report of smartphone screen use was partly consistent with objective measurement (<i>r</i>=0.49), although objective data indicated that children used their phones more than they reported. Passive sensing revealed the most common types of apps used were for streaming (mean 1 hour 57 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 32 minutes), communication (mean 48 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 17 minutes), gaming (mean 41 minutes per day, SD 41 minutes), and social media (mean 36 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 7 minutes). Passive sensing of smartphone screen use was generally acceptable to children (43/62, 69%) and parents (53/62, 85%). CONCLUSIONS The results of passive, objective sensing suggest that children use their phones more than they self-report. Therefore, use of more robust methods for objective data collection is necessary and feasible in pediatric samples. These data may then more accurately reflect the impact of smartphone screen use on behavioral and emotional functioning. Accordingly, the ABCD study is implementing a passive sensing protocol in the full ABCD cohort. Taken together, passive assessment with a phone app provided objective, low-burden, novel, informative data about preteen smartphone screen use. CLINICALTRIAL

Method Matters: Comparing Cancer-Related Adjustment of Siblings to Norms and Well-matched Peers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saori C Tomatsu ◽  
Caroline Stanley ◽  
Rowena Conroy ◽  
Melissa A Alderfer
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective  The purpose of this study was to better understand conflicting findings in the literature regarding the adjustment of siblings of children with cancer by examining, in a single sample, differences in patterns of results as a function of reporter and comparator used (i.e., population norms, demographically matched classmates). Method  Self- and parent-report standardized measures of depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems were collected for 67 siblings and 67 demographically matched classmates. Comparisons were made to norms and controls. Results  Siblings consistently demonstrated poorer psychosocial functioning than their demographically matched peers across all measures but their scores did not differ from norms. A significantly greater percentage of siblings fell outside the normal range than that expected in the general population for parent-reported total and internalizing problems, but not for externalizing problems or the self-report measures. Conclusions  Findings regarding the psychological adjustment of siblings of children with cancer differ according to the research methods used. It is important to use rigorous methods such as demographically matched peer comparisons when investigating the impact of childhood cancer on siblings.

Brief Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Children with Anxiety Disorders: Initial Evaluation of a Program Designed for Clinic Settings

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn D. Girling-Butcher ◽  
Kevin R. Ronan
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Exposure Sessions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFour anxiety disordered 8- to 11-year-old children and their parents participated in a shortened version of an efficacious cognitive–behavioural program for anxiety in children, designed to reflect therapy conditions found in usual clinical practice. A modified multiple-baseline design was used that combined clinic setting pragmatics with a necessary level of methodological protection. For ongoing evaluation, weekly measures of the child's trait anxiety and coping ability were obtained from the child and parents. In addition, a battery of measures was used to evaluate outcomes following treatment and at two follow-up intervals. Emphasising increased parent involvement and earlier exposure sessions, the program was found to lead to marked changes in child functioning. In particular, all children showed improvement on self-report, parent report, and independent clinician's ratings over the course of treatment. Moreover, scores on relevant indices were all within a nondeviant range following intervention, and all four children no longer qualified for an anxiety diagnosis at posttreatment and at 3- and 12-month followup. Findings are discussed in terms of implementation and evaluation in practice settings (e.g., critical components of treatment, use of pragmatic single case designs). Suggestions for future research include testing the effectiveness of this brief program on a large and diverse sample of children. Additional research is also required to find out to what extent increased parent involvement and earlier exposure sessions enhance the impact of treatment in the larger context of addressing features of the research-practice gap. Overall, findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of a brief cognitive–behavioural program for treating anxiety disorders in children, along with an evaluation strategy, compatible with some of the needs of service delivery settings.

Using Wearable Cameras to Categorise Type and Context of Screen-based Behaviours among Adolescents (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Thomas ◽  
Jason Bennie ◽  
Katrien De Cocker ◽  
Fitria Dwi Andriyani ◽  
Taren Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
After School ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Wearable Cameras ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Screen Use

BACKGROUND Automated wearable cameras present a new opportunity to accurately assess human behaviour. However, this technology is seldom used in the study of adolescent’s screen exposure and the field is reliant on poor quality, self-report data. OBJECTIVE To examine adolescents’ screen exposure by categorising the type and context of behaviours using automated wearable cameras. METHODS Adolescents (15.4 ± 1.6 years; n=10) wore a camera for three school evenings and one weekend day. The camera captured an image every 10 seconds. Fieldwork was completed between February and March 2020, and data analysed in August 2020. Images were date and time-stamped and coded for screen type, content, and context. RESULTS Data representing 71,396 images were analysed. Overall, 74% of images contained screens and 16.8% of total images contained multiple screens. Most screen exposure involved television sets (36.3% of images), smartphones (29.2%), and laptop computers (21.4%). The context of screen use differed by device type, although most screen exposure occurred at home (96.3%) and with solitary engagement (83.9%). The immediate after-school period saw high laptop computer use (30%), while smartphone use (38.7%) peaked in the middle evening and pre-bedtime hours, respectively. Weekend screen exposure was high, with smartphone use (55.5%) peaking in the early morning period and fluctuating throughout the day. CONCLUSIONS There was evidence for high screen use during the after-school and weekend period, mostly through solitary engagement, and within the home environment. Findings may inform the basis of larger studies aimed at examining screen exposure in free-living conditions.

scholarly journals Do smartphone usage scales predict behavior?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alexander Ellis ◽  
Brittany I Davidson ◽  
Heather Shaw ◽  
Kris Geyer
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychometric Scales ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
Basic Technology ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
Frame Technology ◽  
The Impact

Understanding how people use technology remains important, particularly when measuring the impact this might have on individuals and society. However, despite a growing body of resources that can quantify smartphone use, research within psychology and social science overwhelmingly relies on self-reported assessments. These have yet to convincingly demonstrate an ability to predict objective behavior. Here, and for the first time, we compare a variety of smartphone use and ‘addiction’ scales with objective behaviors derived from Apple’s Screen Time application. While correlations between psychometric scales and objective behavior are generally poor, single estimates and measures that attempt to frame technology use as habitual rather than ‘addictive’ correlate more favorably with subsequent behavior. We conclude that existing self-report instruments are unlikely to be sensitive enough to accurately predict basic technology use related behaviors. As a result, conclusions regarding the psychological impact of technology are unreliable when relying solely on these measures to quantify typical usage.

Comparison of Child Self-Report and Parent Report on the Sibling Need and Involvement Profile

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill E. Senner ◽  
Thomas Fish
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Children’S Perspectives ◽  
Spearman's Rho ◽  
Adult Supervision ◽  
Spearman’S Rho ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Family Centered

Considering the needs of siblings is an important component of family-centered practice for children with developmental disabilities. A syntactically and semantically simplified version of the Sibling Need and Involvement Profile (SNIP) was developed to allow self-report. Total profile scores for the self-report version correlated well with the original (Spearman’s rho = .928, p < .01), and test–retest reliability was good (Spearman’s rho = .896, p < .01). Children who piloted the instrument demonstrated good understanding of the vocabulary and the intent of the questions; however, using the instrument with adult supervision is suggested. A comparison of children’s self-report scores to those of their parents’ resulted in low, insignificant correlations, suggesting that parents’ and children’s perspectives do not always agree. Multiple measures, including sibling self-report and parent reports, are necessary for accurate determination of sibling need and involvement.

The Stereotype Threat Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Insa Happach ◽  
Karla Spirandelli ◽  
Tania M. Lincoln ◽  
Fabrice Berna
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Threat Effect ◽  
Efficacy Expectations ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Neurocognitive deficits in patients with mental disorders are partially due to secondary influences. “Stereotype threat” denotes the phenomenon that performance is compromised when a participant is confronted with a devaluing stereotype. The present study examined the impact of stereotype threat on neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia. Seventy-seven participants with a self-reported diagnosis of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either an experimental condition involving stereotype threat activation or a control condition in an online study. Participants completed memory and attention tests as well as questionnaires on motivation, self-efficacy expectations, cognitive complaints, and self-stigmatization. Contrary to our prediction, the two groups showed no significant differences regarding neuropsychological performance and self-report measures. Limitations, such as a possibly too weak threat cue, are discussed and recommendations for future studies are outlined.

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

Identification and Utility of a Short Form of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth Self-Report (PSC-17-Y)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Paul Bergmann ◽  
Cara Lucke ◽  
Theresa Nguyen ◽  
Michael Jellinek ◽  
John Michael Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Pediatric Symptom Checklist ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Abstract. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth self-report (PSC-Y) is a 35-item measure of adolescent psychosocial functioning that uses the same items as the original parent report version of the PSC. Since a briefer (17-item) version of the parent PSC has been validated, this paper explored whether a subset of items could be used to create a brief form of the PSC-Y. Data were collected on more than 19,000 youth who completed the PSC-Y online as a self-screen offered by Mental Health America. Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were first conducted to identify and evaluate candidate solutions and their factor structures. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were then conducted to determine how well the data fit the candidate models. Tests of measurement invariance across gender were conducted on the selected solution. The EFAs and CFAs suggested that a three-factor short form with 17 items is a viable and most parsimonious solution and met criteria for scalar invariance across gender. Since the 17 items used on the parent PSC short form were close to the best fit found for any subsets of items on the PSC-Y, the same items used on the parent PSC-17 are recommended for the PSC-Y short form.

The Impact of Mobile Gadget in EFL Learning: Perceptions of EFL Undergraduates

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam - Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Advanced Country ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Efl Learning

AbstractMost of young people are enthusiasticin having the most recent mobile gadgets just to boast among their peers. They likely utilize them to make phone calls, take pictures, listen to songs, watch videos, or surf the internet access for learning or just entertainment. In a technologically advanced country like Indonesia, the third and fourth generation (3G, 4G) mobile devices are available at affordable prices, and people of all streams find it necessary to own a mobile gadget for connecting and communicating.  Moreover, it has become a common trend among undergraduates to carry a mobile gadget to the classroom as well.In this paper, the researcher emphasize the potential of mobile gadgets as a learning tool for students and have incorporated them into the learning environment.The present study examines the application of mobile gadgetin EFL learning and investigates the perceptions of EFL students about mobile gadget in learning activity.  A field study was conducted on thirty undergraduatestudents majoring in accounting study Serang Raya University.  The methodology of data collection included a self-report for students and teachers’ and students’ questionnaire. Findings of the research are significant for EFL teachers and researchers for introducing innovative methods and helpful materials for the English classroom.Keywords: Mobile gadget, students’ perception, teachers’ perception..

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