scholarly journals Perceptions of Visualizing Physical Activity as a 3D-Printed Object: Formative Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Graeme Morgan Crossley ◽  
Melitta Anne McNarry ◽  
Joanne Hudson ◽  
Parisa Eslambolchilar ◽  
Zoe Knowles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Technological Advances

BACKGROUND The UK government recommends that children engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for at least 60 min every day. Despite associated physiological and psychosocial benefits of physical activity, many youth fail to meet these guidelines partly due to sedentary screen-based pursuits displacing active behaviors. However, technological advances such as 3D printing have enabled innovative methods of visualizing and conceptualizing physical activity as a tangible output. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to elicit children’s, adolescents’, parents’, and teachers’ perceptions and understanding of 3D physical activity objects to inform the design of future 3D models of physical activity. METHODS A total of 28 primary school children (aged 8.4 [SD 0.3] years; 15 boys) and 42 secondary school adolescents (aged 14.4 [SD 0.3] years; 22 boys) participated in semistructured focus groups, with individual interviews conducted with 8 teachers (2 male) and 7 parents (2 male). Questions addressed understanding of the physical activity guidelines, 3D model design, and both motivation for and potential engagement with a 3D physical activity model intervention. Pupils were asked to use Play-Doh to create and describe a model that could represent their physical activity levels (PAL). Data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed, and key emergent themes were represented using pen profiles. RESULTS Pupils understood the concept of visualizing physical activity as a 3D object, although adolescents were able to better analyze and critique differences between low and high PAL. Both youths and adults preferred a 3D model representing a week of physical activity data when compared with other temporal representations. Furthermore, all participants highlighted that 3D models could act as a motivational tool to enhance youths’ physical activity. From the Play-Doh designs, 2 key themes were identified by pupils, with preferences indicated for models of abstract representations of physical activity or bar charts depicting physical activity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings highlight the potential utility of 3D objects of physical activity as a mechanism to enhance children’s and adolescents’ understanding of, and motivation to increase, their PAL. This study suggests that 3D printing may offer a unique strategy for promoting physical activity in these groups.

scholarly journals The Tangibility of Personalized 3D-Printed Feedback May Enhance Youths’ Physical Activity Awareness, Goal Setting, and Motivation: Intervention Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Graeme Morgan Crossley ◽  
Melitta Anne McNarry ◽  
Parisa Eslambolchilar ◽  
Zoe Knowles ◽  
Kelly Alexandra Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Government

BACKGROUND In the United Kingdom, most youth fail to achieve the government guideline of 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily. Reasons that are frequently cited for the underachievement of this guideline include (1) a lack of awareness of personal physical activity levels (PALs) and (2) a lack of understanding of what activities and different intensities contribute to daily targets of physical activity (PA). Technological advances have enabled novel ways of representing PA data through personalized tangible three-dimensional (3D) models. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of 3D-printed models to enhance youth awareness and understanding of and motivation to engage in PA. METHODS A total of 39 primary school children (22 boys; mean age 7.9 [SD 0.3] years) and 58 secondary school adolescents (37 boys; mean age 13.8 [SD 0.3] years) participated in a 7-week fading intervention, whereby participants were given 3D-printed models of their previous week’s objectively assessed PALs at 4 time points. Following the receipt of their 3D model, each participant completed a short semistructured video interview (children, 4.5 [SD 1.2] min; adolescents, 2.2 [SD 0.6] min) to assess their PA awareness, understanding, and motivation. Data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed to enable key emergent themes to be further explored and identified. RESULTS Analyses revealed that the 3D models enhanced the youths’ awareness of and ability to recall and self-evaluate their PA behaviors. By the end of the study, the youths, irrespective of age, were able to correctly identify and relate to the government’s PA guideline represented on the models, despite their inability to articulate the government's guideline through time and intensity. Following the fourth 3D model, 72% (71/97) of the youths used the models as a goal-setting strategy, further highlighting such models as a motivational tool to promote PA. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that 3D-printed models of PA enhanced the youths’ awareness of their PA levels and provided a motivational tool for goal setting, potentially offering a unique strategy for future PA promotion.

scholarly journals Understanding Youths’ Ability to Interpret 3D-Printed Physical Activity Data and Identify Associated Intensity Levels: Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Graeme Morgan Crossley ◽  
Melitta Anne McNarry ◽  
Michael Rosenberg ◽  
Zoe R Knowles ◽  
Parisa Eslambolchilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Activity Intensity

BACKGROUND A significant proportion of youth in the United Kingdom fail to meet the recommended 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity every day. One of the major barriers encountered in achieving these physical activity recommendations is the perceived difficulty for youths to interpret physical activity intensity levels and apply them to everyday activities. Personalized physical activity feedback is an important method to educate youths about behaviors and associated outcomes. Recent advances in 3D printing have enabled novel ways of representing physical activity levels through personalized tangible feedback to enhance youths’ understanding of concepts and make data more available in the everyday physical environment rather than on screen. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to elicit youths’ (children and adolescents) interpretations of two age-specific 3D models displaying physical activity and to assess their ability to appropriately align activities to the respective intensity. METHODS Twelve primary school children (9 boys; mean age 7.8 years; SD 0.4 years) and 12 secondary school adolescents (6 boys; mean age 14.1 years; SD 0.3 years) participated in individual semistructured interviews. Interview questions, in combination with two interactive tasks, focused on youths’ ability to correctly identify physical activity intensities and interpret an age-specific 3D model. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, content was analyzed, and outcomes were represented via tables and diagrammatic pen profiles. RESULTS Youths, irrespective of age, demonstrated a poor ability to define moderate-intensity activities. Moreover, children and adolescents demonstrated difficulty in correctly identifying light- and vigorous-intensity activities, respectively. Although youths were able to correctly interpret different components of the age-specific 3D models, children struggled to differentiate physical activity intensities represented in the models. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the potential use of age-specific 3D models of physical activity to enhance youths’ understanding of the recommended guidelines and associated intensities.

scholarly journals Objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels among primary school children in Norway: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (21_suppl) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hai Deng ◽  
Per Morten Fredriksen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Aims: The objective was to investigate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels (MVPA) of primary school children at baseline of the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP), Norway. Methods: Data on 2123 children aged 6–12 years were included for analysis (75% participation rate). Average minutes per day in MVPA was objectively measured using accelerometry based on seven-day averages. The sample was analysed for age-, sex-, socioeconomic-, and season-related patterns. A linear regression investigated the moderating effect of these factors as well as body mass index and waist circumference. Results: Some 86.5% of the sample had at least 60 min/day MVPA, averaging 90.7 min/day. The main differences in daily averages were between age groups 6½–9 and 10–12 ( p < .05). Boys (95.8 min/day, 95% CI: 94.1–97.5) were more active than girls (85.6 min/day, 95% CI: 83.9–87.2) in all age groups ( p < .0001). MVPA was lower by 3.5 min ( p < .0001) per additional year of age in the linear regression (R2 = 0.176) and was reduced by 20 min less per day in MVPA in the winter months compared with the summer months ( p < .0001). Conclusions: Physical activity levels are already in decline from 6–7 years old and are likely to continue to decline into adolescence. Interventions must therefore focus on primary school children.

scholarly journals Descriptive Epidemiology of Physical Activity in Adolescents

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell R. Pate ◽  
Barbara J. Long ◽  
Greg Heath
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Objective Monitoring ◽  
Number Of Males

This paper reviews the descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in adolescents. Large population-based studies were reviewed, along with smaller studies using objective monitoring of physical activity. Estimates showed that adolescents engage in physical activity of any intensity for a mean of one hour per day. Approximately two thirds of males and one quarter of females participate in moderate to vigorous activity for 20 min 3 or more days per week. Activity levels decline with increasing age across adolescence, and this decrease is more marked in females than in males. Comparison of these data to physical activity guidelines for adolescents suggests the vast majority are meeting the guideline of accumulating physical activity. However, a substantial number of males, and the majority of females, are not meeting the guideline for moderate to vigorous physical activity.

scholarly journals Children's Use of Electronic Games: Choices of Game Mode and Challenge Levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy H. P. Sit ◽  
Jessica W. K. Lam ◽  
Thomas L. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Interactive Games ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Electronic Games

Introduction. Interactive electronic games are popular and are believed to contribute to physical activity accrual. The purpose of this study was to examine children's electronic game use during conditions in which they had free access to selecting interactive and seated screen-based versions of electronic games and during the interactive versions had free choice in making adjustments to the activity intensity.Methods. We systematically observed 60 Hong Kong primary school children during two 60-minute game sessions while simultaneously recording their game mode choices and physical activity levels using SOFIT (System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time).Results. When given free choice, children spent more than half of their available time participating in interactive versions of games. These versions of games provided significantly more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and greater energy expenditure than the computer screen versions. Children with the opportunity to modify intensity levels spent more time playing the interactive versions and accrued more physical activity.Conclusions. The tenets of behavioral choice theory were supported. Access to new-generation interactive games, particularly those with modifiable intensity levels, may facilitate children's participation in physical activity.

scholarly journals The relationship between sleep habits, lifestyle factors, and achieving guideline-recommended physical activity levels in ten-to-fourteen-year-old Japanese children: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242517
Author(s):  
Takumi Aoki ◽  
Kazuhiko Fukuda ◽  
Chiaki Tanaka ◽  
Yasuko Kamikawa ◽  
Nobuhiro Tsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Physical Activity Guideline ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines

The current focus of meeting the physical activity guidelines for children and young people include preventing conditions such as high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, obesity, low bone density, depression, and injuries. However, the relationship between sleep habits and meeting physical activity guidelines is still unclear. This study aimed to assess this relationship among fifth- to eighth-grade (ages 10–14) Japanese children. This cross-sectional study included 3,123 children (boys: 1,558, girls: 1,565, mean age: 12.5 ± 1.2 years). Questionnaires were used to assess parameters such as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day, school and weekend night sleep durations, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, napping, screen time, and breakfast intake. Participants were divided into an achievement and a non-achievement group depending on their physical activity guideline achievement status (i.e., whether they met the children’s physical activity guideline of 60 min or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day). Then, to determine the sleep habits in relation to the children’s achievement of guideline-recommended physical activity levels, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. In fifth- and sixth-grade (ages 10–12) boys, an inverse association was observed between physical activity guideline achievement and daytime sleepiness. In seventh- and eighth-grade (ages 12–14) boys, physical activity guideline achievement was inversely associated with social jetlag and skipping breakfast. Additionally, in seventh- and eighth-grade girls, physical activity guideline achievement was inversely associated with inappropriate sleep duration on weekends and screen time. These results suggest that meeting the physical activity guideline is related to favorable sleep habits in Japanese children. However, their relevance may differ by school type and gender.

Quantifying Physical Activity and the Associated Barriers for Women With Ovarian Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mizrahi ◽  
Fiona Naumann ◽  
Carolyn Broderick ◽  
Juliane Samara ◽  
Mary Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Physical Activity Adherence ◽  
Barriers To Physical Activity

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to quantify physical activity levels and determine the barriers to physical activity for women with ovarian cancer.Materials and MethodsWomen with ovarian cancer from 3 oncology clinics enrolled in the cross-sectional study. Physical activity and barriers to physical activity were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Perceived Physical Activity Barriers scale, respectively. Demographic, medical, and anthropometric data were obtained from medical records.ResultsNinety-five women (response rate, 41%), with a mean (SD) age of 61 (10.6) years, a body mass index of 26.5 (6.8) kg/m2, and 36.6 (28.2) months since diagnosis, participated in the study. The majority of the participants had stage III (32%) or IV (32%) ovarian cancer, were undergoing chemotherapy (41%), and had a history of chemotherapy (93%). The majority of the participants reduced their physical activity after diagnosis, with 19% meeting recommended physical activity guidelines. The participants undergoing treatment reported lower moderate-vigorous physical activity compared with those not undergoing active treatment (mean [SD], 42 [57] vs 104 [119] min/wk; P < 0.001) and less total physical activity barriers (mean [SD], 49 vs 47; P > 0.4). The greatest barriers to physical activity included fatigue (37.8%), exercise not in routine (34.7%), lack of self-discipline (32.6%), and procrastination (27.4%).ConclusionsWomen with ovarian cancer have low levels of physical activity. There are disease-specific general barriers to physical activity participation. The majority of the participants reduced their physical activity after diagnosis, with these patients reporting a higher number of total barriers. Behavioral strategies are required to increase physical activity adherence in this population to ensure that recommended guidelines are met to achieve the emerging known benefits of exercise oncology.

scholarly journals The Weather Impact on Physical Activity of 6–12 Year Old Children: A Clustered Study of the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Iana Kharlova ◽  
Wei Hai Deng ◽  
Jostein Mamen ◽  
Asgeir Mamen ◽  
Maren Valand Fredriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Weather Impact

It is commonly known that children do not engage in a sufficient amount of physical activity. Weather conditions and day length may influence physical activity of children. Little is known about the relationship between physical activity and seasons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between weather conditions and physical activity in 6–12 year old children based on hip-worn Actigraph wGT3X–BT accelerometer data. The study sample consisted of 2015 subjects aged 6–12 years from the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP) study carried out in Horten municipality and Akershus county, Norway. Six days of sedentary and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity data was gathered in January–June and September–October, 2015, presented as daily averages. The accelerometer-monitored physical activity of children grouped within nine schools was matched with regional weather conditions and assessed with the means of linear mixed models. Increased day length was associated with decreased sedentary behavior. Warmer temperature and dry weather were associated with increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity after adjusting for age and sex. One-hour increase in daylight resulted in a decrease of sedentary time by, on average, 2 min (95% CI = (−2.577, −0.798)). For every 5 °C increase in temperature (range: −0.95 and 15.51 °C) and dry weather, average moderate-to vigorous physical activity increased by 72 and 67 min (males and females, respectively) (p < 0.001). Days with precipitation had, on average, 10 fewer minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared with days without precipitation (95% CI = (−16.704, −3.259)). Higher temperatures and dry weather led to higher physical activity levels, seeing larger increases among boys than girls. A school-based physical activity intervention program should be adjusted regarding local weather conditions in line with the present findings.

scholarly journals Physical activity surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic: Using consumer-based activity trackers as a tool for physical activity monitoring in epidemiological studies (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Henriksen ◽  
Erlend Johannessen ◽  
Gunnar Hartvigsen ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard ◽  
Laila Hopstock
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Activity Tracker ◽  
Physical Activity Monitoring ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Energy

BACKGROUND Consumer-based physical activity trackers increase in popularity. The widespread use of these devices and the long-term nature of the recorded data provides a valuable source of physical activity data for epidemiological research. Major challenges include the large number of activity tracker providers and models, and the difference in how and what data are recorded and shared. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a system to record data on physical activity from different providers of consumer-based activity trackers, and to examine its usability as a tool for physical activity monitoring in epidemiological research. The longitudinal nature of the data and the concurrent pandemic outbreak allowed us to show how the system can be used for surveillance of physical activity levels before, during, and after a COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS We developed a system (mSpider) for automatic recording of data on physical activity from participants wearing activity trackers from Apple, Fitbit, Garmin, Oura, Polar, Samsung, and Withings, as well as trackers storing data in Google Fit and Apple Health. To test the system throughout development, we recruited 35 volunteers to wear a provided activity tracker from primo 2019 and onwards. In addition, we recruited 113 participants with privately owned activity trackers worn before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway. We examined monthly change in number of steps, minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and activity energy expenditure during 2019-2020 using bar plots and two-sided paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Compared to March 2019, there was a significant reduction in mean step count and mean activity energy expenditure during the March 2020 lockdown period. The reduction was temporary, and the year to year comparison show a small increase in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and no change in steps and activity energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS mSpider is a working prototype currently able to record physical activity data from providers of consumer-based activity trackers. The system was successfully used to examine change in physical activity levels during the COVID-19 period.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Minutes of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Dietary Intake in College Students (P16-004-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Barnes ◽  
Samantha Concha ◽  
Erin Fejes ◽  
Jonathan Grimwood ◽  
Karen Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Dietary compensation for energy expenditure is one hypothesis for why many individuals struggle to maintain a healthy body weight. The objective of this investigation was to assess the relationship between the amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and dietary intake of college students within corresponding 24-hour periods. Methods College students enrolled in a personal health and fitness class were recruited to participate in this study. As part of the course, all students completed a 7 day food journal and were concurrently assigned to wear a Polar Active fitness tracker with a tracker wear time of 24 hours per day. Physical activity data was collected from consenting participants and served as the independent variable. Dietary intake including but not limited to total kilocalories (kcals), carbohydrate (CHO), protein, fat, and selected micronutrients were also collected. Pearson correlations were assessed using SPSS between physical activity and dietary variables. Further, amount of daily MVPA was divided into <30 minutes, 30–60 minutes, and > 60 minutes per recorded day. ANOVA was utilized to compare dietary means of various activity levels. Results A total of 110 students participated in this study with 50% female, 45% male, 5% that did not answer, mean age of 21.3 (±1.7) and BMI 24.7 (±3.7). A weak but positive correlation was identified between total minutes of MVPA and total kcal intake (r = 0.124, P = 0.007). The total intake of fat (g) (r = 0.16, P < 0.001), saturated fat (g) (r = 0.11, P = 0.01), CHO (g) (r = 0.17, P < 0.001), protein (g) (r = 0.10, P = 0.03), and added sugar (r = 0.09, P = 0.04) increased with greater time spent in MVPA. No relationship was detected for fiber intake. When participants were separated into physical activity categories, those in the lowest category consumed more trans-fat than both the middle and high category (P = 0.003). Conclusions College students in this study tended to increase their overall intake as physical activity increased. The lack of relationship between physical activity and fiber intake in combination with the positive relationship detected with added sugar suggests that the quality of carbohydrate may decrease as students perform more physical activity. Funding Sources None to report.

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