Evaluation of Rotavirus Surveillance System, Yemen 2018: Surveillance Evaluation (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Rotavirus kills over 185,000 children under 5 every year and responsible for over one-third of all child diarrheal deaths worldwide. The Rotavirus Surveillance System (RVSS) in Yemen was launched in 2007 in five sentinel sites to monitor the impact of vaccine on rotavirus morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the level of usefulness of the RVSS, assess its performance, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the surveillance system implementation. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated guidelines on evaluation of a public health surveillance system was used to evaluate RVSS. In this assessment, qualitative indicators of usefulness and other attributes of the system including flexibility, stability, simplicity and acceptability were assessed through in-depth interviews with the stakeholders at central level and semi-structured questionnaires with sentinel sites coordinators. Furthermore, indicators for quantitative attributes including sensitivity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), completeness and timeliness were assessed through reviewing results of laboratory samples and a random sample of case report forms. Scores for the indicators were expressed as following: poor: <60%, average: 60 - <80%, and good: ≥ 80%. RESULTS The overall usefulness score percent of the RVSS was 73%, which indicates an average rank. The RVSS was rated as good on flexibility (score percent = 91%) and stability (score percent = 81%) attributes and was rated as an average on simplicity (score percent = 77%) and acceptability (score percent = 76%) attributes. Regarding the quantitative attributes, the system was rated as poor for sensitivity (score percent = 91%), average for PPV (score percent = 73%) and good for completeness and timeliness (score percent = 100%). CONCLUSIONS The overall RVSS performance was an average. Although the system attributes demonstrated a good flexibility, stability, data quality and timeliness, some attributes still need enhancements. The system was rated “average” on the usefulness, simplicity, and acceptability and poor for the sensitivity. To ensure sustainability, there is a need for planning gradual replacement of donor’s fund with government’s funds. Gradual scaling up of the RVSS through increasing the number of sites and governorates, and enhancement of the sensitivity of the RVSS are strongly recommended.

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Evaluation of Neonatal Tetanus Surveillance System in Sana'a city, Yemen (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.27606 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Khaled Mohammed Al-Jamrah ◽

Basheer Abdulgalil Al Nabehi ◽

Khaled Abdullah Almoayed ◽

Labiba Saeed Anam ◽

Yousef S Khader

Keyword(s):

Data Quality ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Neonatal Tetanus ◽

Focal Points ◽

Quality Of Data ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Cdc Guidelines ◽

Usefulness Score ◽

Control And Prevention

BACKGROUND The Neonatal Tetanus Surveillance System (NTSS) in Yemen was established in 2009 to identify high-risk areas, determine trends, and evaluate elimination activities. Since its launch, the NTSS had never been evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the performance of NTSS and determine its strength and weaknesses to recommend improvements. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines were used for evaluating the NTSS. The centrals' stakeholders, districts' surveillance coordinators, and facilities' focal points were interviewed to rate the attributes of the NTSS. The percent scores for attributes were ranked as poor (<60%), average (≥ 60- <80%) and good (≥ 80%. RESULTS The overall usefulness score percent was 38%, which indicates a poor performance. The performance of the NTSS was rated as an average on the flexibility (Score percent: 68%) and acceptability (Score percent: 64%) attributes and was rated as poor on stability (Score percent: 33%), simplicity (Score percent: 57%), and representativeness (Score percent: 39%) attributes. About 65% of investigation forms were filled within 48 hours of notification date. The data quality was poor as 41% of the core variables were missing. CONCLUSIONS The overall performance of the NTSS was poor. Most of the system attributes require improvement such as stability, simplicity, quality of data and completeness of investigation. To improve the performance of NTSS, the followings are recommended: Capacity building of staff (focal points), strengthening NTSS through technical support and government funding to ensure its sustainability, establishing an electronic investigation forms for improving the system data quality, and expansion of the NTSS coverage to include all private healthcare facilities.

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IC & OI The impact of intellectual capital on organizational innovation

Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities ◽

10.15520/jassh.v6i7.512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 1257-1265

Author(s):

Fouad El-Gamal

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Capital ◽

Middle Managers ◽

Organizational Innovation ◽

Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽

Dominant Dimension ◽

Structural Capital ◽

Corporate Innovation ◽

Research Findings ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

Intellectual capital can generate value for organizations and improve organizational innovation. This study aims to investigate the effects of intellectual capital on corporate innovation. Mixed research methodology approach has been used by combining both qualitative and quantitative analysis to explore and empirical examine the research model. The targeted population of interest is the licensed pharmaceutical manufactures, 90 organizations in the Egyptian pharmaceutical industry throughout its three main sectors (11 public, 70 local private and 9 MNCs). Statistical analyses are employed based on the questionnaires gathered from 39 pharmaceutical manufactures’ companies (44% response rate). In addition, sixty-three “63” in depth interviews have been conducted with both top and middle managers. The research findings indicate that all dimensions of intellectual capital (human, structural, and relational capital) have positive significant effects on organizational innovation of pharmaceutical manufactures’ companies. The study clarifies that the most dominant dimension is structural capital, which provides the largest and strongest support to pharmaceutical manufactures’ companies. The deep realization of the importance intellectual capital and its impact on innovation helps leaders to adopt accurate system to run organizational innovation in a better way, which lead to sustainable competitive advantage for organizations.

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DISCRESSION OF THE SAMPLE RESORTS POLICE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PERSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION

Legal Standing Jurnal Ilmu Hukum ◽

10.24269/ls.v4i2.3065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Tamrin Muchsin ◽

Sri Sudono Saliro ◽

Nahot Tua Parlindungan Sihaloho ◽

Sardjana Orba Manullang

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Administrative Law ◽

Criminal Investigation ◽

Accurate Data ◽

Long Distance ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

It is still found that investigating officers do not have an S1 degree or equivalent in thejurisdiction of the Sambass Resort Police as mandated in PP No. 58 of 2010 concerningAmendments to Government Regulation Number 27 of 1983 concerning theImplementation of KUHAP article 2A paragraph (1) letter a. If the requirements ofinvestigators are not fulfilled, there will automatically be limits of authority, includingthe inability to issue investigation orders, detention warrants and other administrativeletters. This study used a qualitative method with juridical empirical research. Toobtain accurate data, purposive sampling technique was used, and primary datacollection by conducting in-depth interviews. The research results found, among others:first, discretion regarding the administration of investigations in the jurisdiction of theSambas Resort Police for the Sambas District Police who do not have investigatingofficers who meet the requirements, is then taken over by the Head of the CriminalInvestigation Unit as the supervisor of the integrated criminal investigation function.Second, the impact of an integrated investigation administration causes the time tocarry out investigations to be slow due to the long distance between the Sector Policeand the Resort Police.

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SUMBER-SUMBER RESILIENSI PADA REMAJA AKHIR YANG MENGALAMI KEKERASAN DARI ORANGTUA PADA MASA KANAK-KANAK

Psibernetika ◽

10.30813/psibernetika.v11i1.1161 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Devina Calista ◽

Garvin Garvin

Keyword(s):

Late Adolescents ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Parental Affection ◽

Resilience Factors ◽

Childhood Violence ◽

Past Experiences ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

Child abuse by parents is common in households. The impact of violence on children will bring short-term effects and long-term effects that can be attributed to their various emotional, behavioral and social problems in the future; especially in late adolescence that will enter adulthood. Resilience factors increase the likelihood that adolescents who are victims of childhood violence recover from their past experiences, become more powerful individuals and have a better life. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of resilience in late adolescents who experienced violence from parents in their childhood. This research uses qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The result shows that the three research participants have the aspects of "I Have", "I Am", and "I Can"; a participant has "I Can" aspects as a source of resilience, and one other subject has no source of resilience. The study concluded that parental affection and acceptance of the past experience have role to the three sources of resilience (I Have, I Am, and I Can) Keyword : Resilience, adolescence, violence, parents

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Hidden Tales of Ebola: Airing the Forgotten Voices of Ugandan “Ebola Nurses”

Journal of Transcultural Nursing ◽

10.1177/10436596211017968 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104365962110179

Author(s):

Isaac Okello Wonyima ◽

Susan Fowler-Kerry ◽

Grace Nambozi ◽

Charlotte Barry ◽

Jeanie Wills ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Access To Treatment ◽

Care Workers ◽

Free Health Care ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Holistic Practice ◽

Phenomenological Design ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Current Reality

Introduction According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ebola has affected the lives of thousands, including health care workers. With few studies describing the experience of nurses who survived Ebola, the study aimed to describe Ugandan nurses’ experiences. Method Using a phenomenological design, in-depth interviews were conducted among five Ugandan nurses who contracted Ebola and survived. Result Thematic analysis revealed themes of expectations of dying, hopelessness, loneliness, and betrayal by family, community, and the health system. Discussion Results support the need for policies targeting holistic practice protocols to protect all health care professionals during future outbreaks. Last, nursing survivors should have access to government-guaranteed support programs, including free health care and financial stipends. These results and recommendations transcend to the current reality of living with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Efficient practice protocols could protect all rights and privileges and contribute to access to treatment and stigma removal.

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The Impact of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on the Health and Social Needs of Sex Workers in Singapore

Archives of Sexual Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10508-021-01951-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rayner Kay Jin Tan ◽

Vanessa Ho ◽

Sherry Sherqueshaa ◽

Wany Dee ◽

Jane Mingjie Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Sex Work ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Social Needs ◽

Medical Services ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

Sex Worker ◽

Permanent Resident ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

AbstractWe evaluated the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the sex work industry and assessed how it has impacted the health and social conditions of sex workers in Singapore. We conducted a sequential exploratory mixed methods study amidst the COVID-19 pandemic from April to October 2020, including in-depth interviews with 24 stakeholders from the sex work industry and surveyor-administered structured surveys with 171 sex workers. COVID-19 had a substantial impact on sex workers' income. The illegality of sex work, stigma, and the lack of work documentation were cited as exclusionary factors for access to alternative jobs or government relief. Sex workers had experienced an increase in food insecurity (57.3%), housing insecurity (32.8%), and sexual compromise (8.2%), as well as a decrease in access to medical services (16.4%). Being transgender female was positively associated with increased food insecurity (aPR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.08, 1.41]), housing insecurity (aPR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.03, 1.60]), and decreased access to medical services (aPR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.23, 2.46]); being a venue-based sex worker was positively associated with increased food insecurity (aPR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.00, 2.13]), and being a non-Singaporean citizen or permanent resident was positively associated with increased housing insecurity (aPR = 2.59, 95% CI [1.73, 3.85]). Our findings suggest that COVID-19 has led to a loss of income for sex workers, greater food and housing insecurity, increased sexual compromise, and reduced access to medical services for sex workers. A lack of access to government relief among sex workers exacerbated such conditions. Efforts to address such population health inequities should be implemented.

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Transnational logic of gratitude: Marriage migrants’ narratives on marital satisfaction in South Korea

International Sociology ◽

10.1177/0268580921994692 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026858092199469

Author(s):

Gowoon Jung

Keyword(s):

Marital Satisfaction ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Gender Ideology ◽

Marriage Migrants ◽

Sociology Of Emotion ◽

Micro Level ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

Scholarship on marriage migrants has examined the impact of class and gender ideology of receiving countries on their marital satisfaction. However, little is known about the role of transnational background in explaining women’s feelings of gratitude for husbands. Drawing on qualitative in-depth interviews with marriage migrant women residing in the eastern side of Seoul, Korea, this article explores the micro-level cognitive processes in understanding women’s gratitude for their husbands. Categorizing marriage migrants into two groups, ‘gratified’ and ‘ungratified’ wives, the author demonstrates how the gratified wives’ feelings of contentment is mediated by their active comparison of Korean husbands with local men in their homelands, and how these viewpoints conversely affect their aspirations for return. Bringing the sociology of emotion into an explanation of marriage migrants’ marital satisfaction, this study aims to develop a transnational frame of reference as an underlying dynamic for comprehending marriage migrants’ (in)gratitude.

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Reclaiming and Reshaping Life: Patterns of Reconstruction After the Suicide of a Loved One

Qualitative Health Research ◽

10.1177/1049732316637590 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 994-1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Care Providers ◽

Suicide Survivors ◽

Loved One ◽

Life Patterns ◽

Survivors Of Suicide ◽

And Coping ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

The objective of this study is to identify patterns (components and processes) of reconstruction of suicide survivors. In-depth interviews were conducted with 50 survivors of suicide in Switzerland. Data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti and according to the Grounded Theory principles. Survivors of suicide face four major challenges: dealing with the impact of suicide, searching for meaning, clarifying responsibility, and finding a personal style of reaction and coping. The various ways in which survivors fare through the specific processes of the challenges result in various patterns of reconstruction: the vulnerability, transformation, commitment, and hard blow. The unique characteristics and dynamics of each of them are highlighted. Health care providers would benefit from an approach based on the dynamics of the various patterns of reconstruction in providing appropriate support to survivors of suicide.

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Interrupted time series design to evaluate ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM coding changes on trends in Colorado emergency department visits related to traumatic brain injury

Injury Epidemiology ◽

10.1186/s40621-021-00308-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lauren Alexis De Crescenzo ◽

Barbara Alison Gabella ◽

Jewell Johnson

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Ed Visits ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The transition in 2015 to the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Disease, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) in the US led the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to propose a surveillance definition of traumatic brain injury (TBI) utilizing ICD-10-CM codes. The CDC’s proposed surveillance definition excludes “unspecified injury of the head,” previously included in the ICD-9-CM TBI surveillance definition. The study purpose was to evaluate the impact of the TBI surveillance definition change on monthly rates of TBI-related emergency department (ED) visits in Colorado from 2012 to 2017. Results The monthly rate of TBI-related ED visits was 55.6 visits per 100,000 persons in January 2012. This rate in the transition month to ICD-10-CM (October 2015) decreased by 41 visits per 100,000 persons (p-value < 0.0001), compared to September 2015, and remained low through December 2017, due to the exclusion of “unspecified injury of head” (ICD-10-CM code S09.90) in the proposed TBI definition. The average increase in the rate was 0.33 visits per month (p < 0.01) prior to October 2015, and 0.04 visits after. When S09.90 was included in the model, the monthly TBI rate in Colorado remained smooth from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM and the transition was no longer significant (p = 0.97). Conclusion The reduction in the monthly TBI-related ED visit rate resulted from the CDC TBI surveillance definition excluding unspecified head injury, not necessarily the coding transition itself. Public health practitioners should be aware that the definition change could lead to a drastic reduction in the magnitude and trend of TBI-related ED visits, which could affect decisions regarding the allocation of TBI resources. This study highlights a challenge in creating a standardized set of TBI ICD-10-CM codes for public health surveillance that provides comparable yet clinically relevant estimates that span the ICD transition.

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Conversations About Opioids: Impact of the Opioid Overdose Epidemic on Social Interactions for People Who Live With Chronic Pain

Qualitative Health Research ◽

10.1177/10497323211003063 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104973232110030

Author(s):

Lise Dassieu ◽

Angela Heino ◽

Élise Develay ◽

Jean-Luc Kaboré ◽

M. Gabrielle Pagé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Media Coverage ◽

Opioid Overdose ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Self Advocacy ◽

Social Lives ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

The objective of this study was to understand the impact of the opioid overdose epidemic on the social lives of people suffering from chronic pain, focusing on interactions within their personal and professional circles. The study was based on 22 in-depth interviews with people living with chronic pain in Canada. Using thematic analysis, we documented three main impacts of the opioid overdose epidemic: (a) increased worries of people in pain and their families regarding the dangers of opioids; (b) prejudices, stigma, and discrimination faced during conversations about opioids; and (c) stigma management attempts, which include self-advocacy and concealment of opioid use. This study represents important knowledge advancement on how people manage stigma and communicate about chronic disease during everyday life interactions. By showing negative effects of the epidemic’s media coverage on the social experiences of people with chronic pain, we underscore needs for destigmatizing approaches in public communication regarding opioids.

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