scholarly journals Correction: Homes of Stroke Survivors Are a Challenging Environment for Rehabilitation Technologies (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Rennick-Egglestone ◽  
Sue Mawson
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Technology Deployment ◽  
Rehabilitation Technology ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Successful Technology

UNSTRUCTURED The design of digital technologies that support poststroke rehabilitation at home has been a topic of research for some time. If technology is to have a large-scale impact on rehabilitation practice, then we need to understand how to create technologies that are appropriate for the domestic environment and for the needs and motivations of those living there. This paper reflects on the research conducted in the Motivating Mobility project (UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council: EP/F00382X/1). We conducted sensitizing studies to develop a foundational understanding of the homes of stroke survivors, participatory design sessions situated in the home, and experimental deployments of prototype rehabilitation technologies. We identified four challenges specific to the homes of stroke survivors and relevant to the deployment of rehabilitation technologies: identifying a location for rehabilitation technology, negotiating social relationships present in the home, avoiding additional stress in households at risk of existential stress, and providing for patient safety. We conclude that skilled workers may be needed to enable successful technology deployment, systematizing the mapping of the home may be beneficial, and education is a viable focus for rehabilitation technologies.

scholarly journals The home is a challenging environment for rehabilitation technologies (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Rennick-Egglestone ◽  
Sue Mawson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Research Through Design ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Rehabilitation Technology

BACKGROUND How to design digital technologies that support rehabilitation at home has been a topic of research for some time, and rehabilitation from stroke and other forms of brain injury has been a long-standing focus. If technology is to have a large-scale impact on rehabilitation practice, then we need to understand how to design and select technologies that are appropriate for the domestic environment, and for the needs and motivations of those living there. We also need to understand how to support their uptake and safe and effective use. OBJECTIVE To present knowledge which sensitizes those engaging in technology design, research or deployment work to a range of human factors which have not been considered in sufficient detail in the existing literature, and which might impact on the successful uptake of rehabilitation technologies. METHODS A corpus of mostly qualitative data providing insight into rehabilitation technologies and the home environment was collected through research activities conducted as part of “Motivating Mobility: Interactive Systems to promote Physical Activity and Leisure for people with limited mobility” (UK EPSRC: EP/F00382X/1). These included sensitizing studies, participatory design sessions and experimental deployments of prototype rehabilitation technologies. Working within an approach known as Research through Design, previously articulated by Zimmerman et al [1], and currently of interest to the health services research community, a set of five “sensitizing concepts” have been derived, and justified through a narrative presenting underpinning items of data. Our application of the term “sensitizing concept” draws on Blumer [2], which has been influential in the sociological literature. RESULTS We present, justify and discuss five sensitizing concepts, selected for their relevance to rehabilitation technology deployment: • Stroke can have a profound impact on emotional responses to the home • Finding an appropriate place for technology in the home can be difficult • Social interaction can profoundly shape experiences with rehabilitation technology • Stroke can disrupt domestic roles and organisation • Interventions from professionals may be necessary for patient safety CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of how to map the homes of brain injury survivors is needed. If brain injury rehabilitation technologies are to become part of the large scale practice, then we need to understand the required human competencies to deploy and support safe and effective usage CLINICALTRIAL Not Applicable

Application of Scan Based FA and Advanced Passive Voltage Contrast Technique in Defect Isolation

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Schmidt ◽  
Noor Jehan Saujauddin
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Scan Testing ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Contrast Technique ◽  
Defect Isolation ◽  
Voltage Contrast ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Scan testing and passive voltage contrast (PVC) techniques have been widely used as failure analysis fault isolation tools. Scan diagnosis can narrow a failure to a given net and passive voltage contrast can give real-time, large-scale electronic information about a sample at various stages of deprocessing. In the highly competitive and challenging environment of today, failure analysis cycle time is very important. By combining scan FA with a much higher sensitivity passive voltage contrast technique, one can quickly find defects that have traditionally posed a great challenge.

A Perspective On The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Basic Science Research and its Future implications

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yam Nath Paudel ◽  
Efthalia Angelopoulou ◽  
Bhupendra Raj Giri ◽  
Christina Piperi ◽  
Iekhsan Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Science ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Basic Science Research ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

: COVID-19 has emerged as a devastating pandemic of the century that the current generations have ever experienced. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 12 million people around the globe and 0.5 million people have succumbed to death. Due to the lack of effective vaccines against the COVID-19, several nations throughout the globe has imposed a lock-down as a preventive measure to lower the spread of COVID-19 infection. As a result of lock-down most of the universities and research institutes has witnessed a long pause in basic science research ever. Much has been talked about the long-term impact of COVID-19 in economy, tourism, public health, small and large-scale business of several kind. However, the long-term implication of these research lab shutdown and its impact in the basic science research has not been much focused. Herein, we provide a perspective that portrays a common problem of all the basic science researchers throughout the globe and its long-term consequences.

scholarly journals Large-scale heterochromatin remodeling linked to overreplication-associated DNA damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Feng ◽  
Christopher J. Hale ◽  
Ryan S. Over ◽  
Shawn J. Cokus ◽  
Steven E. Jacobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Repair Enzyme ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Chromatin Density ◽  
Being Moved

Previously, we have shown that loss of the histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) monomethyltransferases ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-RELATED 5 (ATXR5) and ATXR6 (ATXR6) results in the overreplication of heterochromatin. Here we show that the overreplication results in DNA damage and extensive chromocenter remodeling into unique structures we have named “overreplication-associated centers” (RACs). RACs have a highly ordered structure with an outer layer of condensed heterochromatin, an inner layer enriched in the histone variant H2AX, and a low-density core containing foci of phosphorylated H2AX (a marker of double-strand breaks) and the DNA-repair enzyme RAD51. atxr5,6 mutants are strongly affected by mutations in DNA repair, such as ATM and ATR. Because of its dense packaging and repetitive DNA sequence, heterochromatin is a challenging environment in which to repair DNA damage. Previous work in animals has shown that heterochromatic breaks are translocated out of the heterochromatic domain for repair. Our results show that atxr5,6 mutants use a variation on this strategy for repairing heterochromatic DNA damage. Rather than being moved to adjacent euchromatic regions, as in animals, heterochromatin undergoes large-scale remodeling to create a compartment with low chromatin density.

scholarly journals Random Walk and Trapping of Interplanetary Magnetic Field Lines: Global Simulation, Magnetic Connectivity, and Implications for Solar Energetic Particles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ruffolo ◽  
Rohit Chhiber ◽  
William H. Matthaeus ◽  
Arcadi V. Usmanov ◽  
Paisan Tooprakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Solar Energetic Particles ◽  
Field Lines

<p>The random walk of magnetic field lines is an important ingredient in understanding how the connectivity of the magnetic field affects the spatial transport and diffusion of charged particles. As solar energetic particles (SEPs) propagate away from near-solar sources, they interact with the fluctuating magnetic field, which modifies their distributions. We develop a formalism in which the differential equation describing the field line random walk contains both effects due to localized magnetic displacements and a non-stochastic contribution from the large-scale expansion. We use this formalism together with a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the inner-heliospheric solar wind, which includes a turbulence transport model, to estimate the diffusive spreading of magnetic field lines that originate in different regions of the solar atmosphere. We first use this model to quantify field line spreading at 1 au, starting from a localized solar source region, and find rms angular spreads of about 20 – 60 degrees. In the second instance, we use the model to estimate the size of the source regions from which field lines observed at 1 au may have originated, thus quantifying the uncertainty in calculations of magnetic connectivity; the angular uncertainty is estimated to be about 20 degrees. Finally, we estimate the filamentation distance, i.e., the heliocentric distance up to which field lines originating in magnetic islands can remain strongly trapped in filamentary structures. We emphasize the key role of slab-like fluctuations in the transition from filamentary to more diffusive transport at greater heliocentric distances. This research has been supported in part by grant RTA6280002 from Thailand Science Research and Innovation and the Parker Solar Probe mission under the ISOIS project (contract NNN06AA01C) and a subcontract to University of Delaware from Princeton University (SUB0000165).  MLG acknowledges support from the Parker Solar Probe FIELDS MAG team.  Additional support is acknowledged from the  NASA LWS program  (NNX17AB79G) and the HSR program (80NSSC18K1210 & 80NSSC18K1648).</p>

Accumulating Knowledge in the Organizational Sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Bosco
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Meta Analyses

In some fields, research findings are rigorously curated in a common language and made available to enable future use and large-scale, robust insights. Organizational researchers have begun such efforts [e.g., metaBUS ( http://metabus.org/ )] but are far from the efficient, comprehensive curation seen in areas such as cognitive neuroscience or genetics. This review provides a sample of insights from research curation efforts in organizational research, psychology, and beyond—insights not possible by even large-scale, substantive meta-analyses. Efforts are classified as either science-of-science research or large-scale, substantive research. The various methods used for information extraction (e.g., from PDF files) and classification (e.g., using consensus ontologies) is reviewed. The review concludes with a series of recommendations for developing and leveraging the available corpus of organizational research to speed scientific progress. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Volume 9 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Abstract WP185: How to Design Woke Stroke Tech: The STORIES Project

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
McKenzie Eakin ◽  
Amanda Gian ◽  
Francesca Kim ◽  
Julie Muccini ◽  
Maarten Lansberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rehabilitation Technology

Introduction: There is little foundational evidence describing needs, wants, and concerns of stroke survivors and their carers regarding stroke rehabilitation technology. The aim of the STORIES Project (Stroke Tech- Overviews in Rehabilitation, Insights, and Experiences of Survivors & carers) was to identify, characterize, and prioritize these needs and concerns, as well as differences in characterizations across subgroups, to inform socially inclusive design. Methods: Mixed-method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 stroke survivors and 16 carers, including 12 matched patient-carer dyads. Participants used a 1-5 scale to rate confidence and interest in using technologies for stroke rehabilitation and to rate the importance of 41 aspects of rehabilitation technology use. Differences between subgroups were compared via student t-tests. Qualitative data was coded to add depth of understanding to quantitative results. Results: Across all participants, aspects rated most important were clear instructions, ability to return a product from home, ease of use, ability to see progress over time, and that technology use did not replace time with a therapist. Human interaction in rehabilitation was deeply important for motivation, effectiveness, and mental health. Compared to carers, patients found the following less important: training carers in rehabilitation technology use ( p =.006), ability to share progress ( p =.001), and ability to do exercises with therapists rather than carers ( p =.001). Non-whites more strongly valued including music in the rehabilitation technology experience ( p =.001). Medicaid beneficiaries cared more about time & financial risk-minimization strategies ( p <.000), but not direct cost ( p =.72). People without a Bachelor’s degree had less technology familiarity and interest ( p =.003). Finally, patients and carers of patients less than 12 months post-stroke were less interested in stroke rehabilitation technologies ( p <.000). Conclusion: To increase adoption of stroke rehabilitation technologies, development should focus on improving multiple parts of the product experience, including clear instructions, ease of use, progress tracking, music inclusion, free trials, and free returns from home.

Human Systems Engineering and Educational Technology

2018 ◽  
pp. 2028-2062
Author(s):  
Rod D. Roscoe ◽  
Russell J. Branaghan ◽  
Nancy J. Cooke ◽  
Scotty D. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Writing Evaluation ◽  
Automated Writing Evaluation ◽  
Principles Of Learning ◽  
Human Systems

The design and development of educational technologies is a complex, interdisciplinary endeavor. Learning science research reveals principles of learning and instruction, and advances in computer science implement these principles in innovative technologies. This chapter promotes a complementary discipline—human systems engineering or “user science”—that emphasizes designing with human users' goals, needs, capabilities, and limitations in mind. Systematic and iterative human systems engineering should contribute to educational technologies that are more functional, usable, desirable, and ultimately more effective. The authors overview key human systems engineering principles (e.g., usability and user experience) and methods (e.g., cognitive task analysis, contextual inquiry, heuristic evaluation, and participatory design), and then consider example applications from research on automated writing evaluation technologies. The chapter concludes with broad research questions posed to researchers, developers, and educators in the field of educational technology.

Using a Probabilistic Model to Assist Merging of Large-Scale Administrative Records

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
TED ENAMORADO ◽  
BENJAMIN FIFIELD ◽  
KOSUKE IMAI
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Scalable Algorithm ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Open Source Software Package

Since most social science research relies on multiple data sources, merging data sets is an essential part of researchers’ workflow. Unfortunately, a unique identifier that unambiguously links records is often unavailable, and data may contain missing and inaccurate information. These problems are severe especially when merging large-scale administrative records. We develop a fast and scalable algorithm to implement a canonical model of probabilistic record linkage that has many advantages over deterministic methods frequently used by social scientists. The proposed methodology efficiently handles millions of observations while accounting for missing data and measurement error, incorporating auxiliary information, and adjusting for uncertainty about merging in post-merge analyses. We conduct comprehensive simulation studies to evaluate the performance of our algorithm in realistic scenarios. We also apply our methodology to merging campaign contribution records, survey data, and nationwide voter files. An open-source software package is available for implementing the proposed methodology.

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