Gender Biases in Online Physician Ratings: Female Doctors Evaluated More Harshly by Patients (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Barnett ◽  
Margrét Vilborg Bjarnadóttir ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
Chong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Online Reviews ◽  
Physician Services ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Online Ratings ◽  
Physician Reviews ◽  
And Gender ◽  
State Medical Boards

BACKGROUND Prior research has highlighted gender differences in online physician reviews, however, to date no research has linked online ratings with quality of care. OBJECTIVE To compare a consumer-generated measure of physician quality (online ratings) with a clinical quality outcome (sanctions for malpractice or improper behavior), to understand how patients’ perception and evaluation of doctors differ based on the physician’s gender and quality. METHODS We use data from a large online doctor reviews website and the Federation of State Medical Boards. We implement paragraph vector methods to identify words that are specific to and indicative of the separate groups of physicians. We then enrich these findings by utilizing the NRC word-emotion association lexicon to assign emotional scores to the various segments: gender, gender and sanction, and gender and rating. RESULTS We find significant differences in the sentiment and emotion of reviews for male and female physicians. We find that numerical ratings are lower and the sentiment in text reviews is more negative for women who will be sanctioned than for men who will be sanctioned; sanctioned male doctors are still associated with positive reviews. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: Given the growing impact of online reviews on demand for physician services, understanding the different reviews faced by male and female physicians is important for consumers and for platform architects in order to revisit their platform design.

scholarly journals Online Ratings of Primary Care Physicians: Comparison of Gender, Training, and Specialty

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237437352110077
Author(s):  
Daliah Wachs ◽  
Victoria Lorah ◽  
Allison Boynton ◽  
Amanda Hertzler ◽  
Brandon Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Online Ratings ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this study was to explore patient perceptions of primary care providers and their offices relative to their physician’s philosophy (medical degree [MD] vs doctorate in osteopathic medicine [DO]), specialty (internal medicine vs family medicine), US region, and gender (male vs female). Using the Healthgrades website, the average satisfaction rating for the physician, office parameters, and wait time were collected and analyzed for 1267 physicians. We found female doctors tended to have lower ratings in the Midwest, and staff friendliness of female physicians were rated lower in the northwest. In the northeast, male and female MDs were rated more highly than DOs. Wait times varied regionally, with northeast and northwest regions having the shortest wait times. Overall satisfaction was generally high for most physicians. Regional differences in perception of a physician based on gender or degree may have roots in local culture, including proximity to a DO school, comfort with female physicians, and expectations for waiting times.

scholarly journals Personal Strivings as Markers of Adolescents’ Quality of Life: a Gender Based Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Shilpi Aggarwal ◽  
Prof. Punam Midha
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Comparison ◽  
Community Belonging ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Personal Strivings ◽  
Purposive Sample

Adolescence is a very complex and crucial phase of life, where teenagers are caught up in their own web of personal strivings, such as the issues of being, belonging and becoming. Such strivings play a pivotal role in determining their quality of life. Further whether these intrinsic motives (i.e. 3Bs being, belonging and becoming) are being influenced by gender stereotypes is a big issue for the psychologists to explore. Thus the current study is an attempt to explore and compare the levels of being, belonging and becoming (comprising of overall QOL) among male and female adolescents. A purposive sample of 98 adolescents aged 16-18 years, both male (n=44) and female (n=54) was drawn from the colleges of Rewari and Gurgaon districts of Haryana. For measuring personal strivings, Quality Of Life Profile for Adolescent Version Questionnaire (Raphael, Rukholm, Brown, Hill-Bailey & Donato, 1996) was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assess the levels of being, belonging and becoming and overall quality of life and gender comparison was done on these variables. Results indicated adequate level of personal strivings leading to overall good quality of life among adolescents (total as well as in both male and female separately). Both males and females have similar levels of quality of life. However, females superseded males in spiritual being and community belonging.

Quality of Life and Gender Related Mechanisms of Social Adaptation in Patients with Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Berezantsev ◽  
M. Kachaeva ◽  
O. Mitrophanova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Aims:To investigate the quality of life of schizophrenic patients, the influence of gender on their social adjustment and to compare male and female attitude to the quality of life.Method:Clinical and statistical, instruments for assessing Quality of Life (QOL). 200 patients (150 women and 50 men) were evaluated. We have compared clinical picture, socio-demographic factors, parameters of social adaptation and subjective attitude to the QOL in male and female schizophrenic patients.Results:The research has indicated sex related differences in the compared parameters. Male patients more frequently revealed personality disorders-like symptoms, they had poor social functioning and even social desadaptation, they were prone to aggression, substance abuse. Nevertherless they displayed subjective satisfaction with their QOL. Female patients more often revealed hypochondriacal symptoms but positive variant of social adaptation. at the same time women subjectively were not satisfied with their QOL.The study has revealed that gender related mechanisms of social adaptation in women were presented by high compliance. Comparative analysis of males and females of the study exposed that gender related mechanisms of social adaptation with the inclusion of attitudes and behavioural patterns connected with regard of health and compliance are universal irrespective of clinical and social factors.Conclusion:There are considerable gender differences in the subjective perception of QOL among patients with schizophrenia. the study indicate better social adaptation of females based on specific gender mechanisms. Results will contribute to improve treatment and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Gender, Soft Skills, and Patient Experience in Online Physician Reviews: A Large-Scale Text Analysis (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zackary Dunivin ◽  
Lindsay Zadunayski ◽  
Ujjwal Baskota ◽  
Katie Siek ◽  
Jennifer Mankoff
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Physician Rating ◽  
Physician Reviews

BACKGROUND Online physician reviews are an important source of information for prospective patients. In addition, they represent an untapped resource for studying the effects of gender on the doctor-patient relationship. Understanding gender differences in online reviews is important because it may impact the value of those reviews to patients. Documenting gender differences in patient experience may also help to improve the doctor-patient relationship. This is the first large-scale study of physician reviews to extensively investigate gender bias in online reviews or offer recommendations for improvements to online review systems to correct for gender bias and aid patients in selecting a physician. OBJECTIVE This study examines 154,305 reviews from across the United States for all medical specialties. Our analysis includes a qualitative and quantitative examination of review content and physician rating with regard to doctor and reviewer gender. METHODS A total of 154,305 reviews were sampled from Google Place reviews. Reviewer and doctor gender were inferred from names. Reviews were coded for overall patient experience (negative or positive) by collapsing a 5-star scale and coded for general categories (process, positive/negative soft skills), which were further subdivided into themes. Computational text processing methods were employed to apply this codebook to the entire data set, rendering it tractable to quantitative methods. Specifically, we estimated binary regression models to examine relationships between physician rating, patient experience themes, physician gender, and reviewer gender). RESULTS Female reviewers wrote 60% more reviews than men. Male reviewers were more likely to give negative reviews (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.19; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Reviews of female physicians were considerably more negative than those of male physicians (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.94-2.14; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Soft skills were more likely to be mentioned in the reviews written by female reviewers and about female physicians. Negative reviews of female doctors were more likely to mention candor (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.42-1.82; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) and amicability (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.47-1.90; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Disrespect was associated with both female physicians (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.35-1.51; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) and female reviewers (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19-1.35; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Female patients were less likely to report disrespect from female doctors than expected from the base ORs (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.32; <i>P</i>=.008), but this effect overrode only the effect for female reviewers. CONCLUSIONS This work reinforces findings in the extensive literature on gender differences and gender bias in patient-physician interaction. Its novel contribution lies in highlighting gender differences in online reviews. These reviews inform patients’ choice of doctor and thus affect both patients and physicians. The evidence of gender bias documented here suggests review sites may be improved by providing information about gender differences, controlling for gender when presenting composite ratings for physicians, and helping users write less biased reviews.

scholarly journals Gender, Soft Skills, and Patient Experience in Online Physician Reviews: A Large-Scale Text Analysis

10.2196/14455 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e14455
Author(s):  
Zackary Dunivin ◽  
Lindsay Zadunayski ◽  
Ujjwal Baskota ◽  
Katie Siek ◽  
Jennifer Mankoff
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Physician Rating ◽  
Physician Reviews

Background Online physician reviews are an important source of information for prospective patients. In addition, they represent an untapped resource for studying the effects of gender on the doctor-patient relationship. Understanding gender differences in online reviews is important because it may impact the value of those reviews to patients. Documenting gender differences in patient experience may also help to improve the doctor-patient relationship. This is the first large-scale study of physician reviews to extensively investigate gender bias in online reviews or offer recommendations for improvements to online review systems to correct for gender bias and aid patients in selecting a physician. Objective This study examines 154,305 reviews from across the United States for all medical specialties. Our analysis includes a qualitative and quantitative examination of review content and physician rating with regard to doctor and reviewer gender. Methods A total of 154,305 reviews were sampled from Google Place reviews. Reviewer and doctor gender were inferred from names. Reviews were coded for overall patient experience (negative or positive) by collapsing a 5-star scale and coded for general categories (process, positive/negative soft skills), which were further subdivided into themes. Computational text processing methods were employed to apply this codebook to the entire data set, rendering it tractable to quantitative methods. Specifically, we estimated binary regression models to examine relationships between physician rating, patient experience themes, physician gender, and reviewer gender). Results Female reviewers wrote 60% more reviews than men. Male reviewers were more likely to give negative reviews (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.19; P<.001). Reviews of female physicians were considerably more negative than those of male physicians (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.94-2.14; P<.001). Soft skills were more likely to be mentioned in the reviews written by female reviewers and about female physicians. Negative reviews of female doctors were more likely to mention candor (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.42-1.82; P<.001) and amicability (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.47-1.90; P<.001). Disrespect was associated with both female physicians (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.35-1.51; P<.001) and female reviewers (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19-1.35; P<.001). Female patients were less likely to report disrespect from female doctors than expected from the base ORs (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.32; P=.008), but this effect overrode only the effect for female reviewers. Conclusions This work reinforces findings in the extensive literature on gender differences and gender bias in patient-physician interaction. Its novel contribution lies in highlighting gender differences in online reviews. These reviews inform patients’ choice of doctor and thus affect both patients and physicians. The evidence of gender bias documented here suggests review sites may be improved by providing information about gender differences, controlling for gender when presenting composite ratings for physicians, and helping users write less biased reviews.

Physician Gender, Patient Risk and Online Reviews: A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship between Physicians’ Gender and Their Online Reviews (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Saifee ◽  
Matthew Hudnall ◽  
Uzma Raja
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
The State ◽  
Physician Specialty ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Patient Risk ◽  
Online Ratings ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Online reviews of physicians have become exceedingly popular among healthcare consumers since the early 2010s. A factor that can potentially influence these reviews is the gender of the physician since the physician's gender has been found to influence patient-physician communication. When studying the direct relationship between the gender of physicians and their online reviews, it is important to account for clinical characteristics, such as the patient risk, associated with a physician to isolate the direct effect of a physician’s gender on their online reviews. It is also important to account for temporal factors that can influence physicians and their online reviews. Our study is among the first to conduct rigorous longitudinal analysis to study the effects of the gender of physicians on their reviews after accounting for several important clinical factors, including patient risk, physician specialty, as well as temporal factors using time fixed-effects. This study is also among the first ones to study the possible gender bias in online reviews using statewide data from Alabama. OBJECTIVE This study conducts a longitudinal empirical investigation of the relationship between the gender of physicians and their online reviews using data across the state of Alabama after accounting for patient risk and temporal effects. METHODS We created a unique dataset by combining data from online physician reviews from a popular physician review website RateMDs and clinical data from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) for the state of Alabama. We utilized longitudinal econometric specifications to conduct the econometric analysis and controlled for several important clinical and review characteristics, including patient risk, physician specialty and latent topics embedded in the textual comments of the online reviews. We utilized the four rating dimensions (helpfulness, knowledge, staff, and punctuality) and overall rating from RateMDs as the dependent variables and gender of the physicians as the key explanatory variable in our panel regression models. RESULTS The panel used to conduct most of the analysis had approximately 1093 physicians. After controlling for clinical factors such as Medicare patient risk, number of Medicare beneficiaries, number of services provided, and physician specialty, review factors such as latent topics embedded in the review comments, and number of words in the comments and year fixed effects, the physician random-effects specifications showed that male physicians receive better online ratings than female physicians. The coefficients and the corresponding standard errors, P values of the binary variable GenderFemale (1 for female physicians and 0 otherwise) with different rating variables as outcomes are as follows: OverallRating (Coefficient: -0.194, Std. Error: 0.060, P=.001), HelpfulnessRating (Coefficient: -0.221, Std. Error: 0.069, P=.001), KnowledgeRating (Coefficient: -0.230, Std. Error: 0.065, P<.001), StaffRating (Coefficient: -0.123, Std. Error: 0.062, P=.049) and PunctualityRating (Coefficient: -0.200, Std.Error: 0.067, P=.003). CONCLUSIONS This study finds that female physicians do indeed receive lower online ratings than male physicians, and this finding is consistent even after accounting for several clinical characteristics associated with the physicians and temporal effects. Even though the magnitude of the coefficients of GenderFemale is relatively small, they are statistically significant. The findings of this study provide support to the findings on gender bias in the existing healthcare literature. We contribute to the existing literature by conducting a study using data across the state of Alabama and utilizing a longitudinal econometric analysis along with incorporating important clinical and review controls associated with the physicians.

scholarly journals Independensi, Kompetensi, Pengalaman, Gender dan Kualitas Hasil Reviu Auditor Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan di Indonesia

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Tum Adriani Sucipto ◽  
Nurmala Ahmar
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Classical Principle ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

ABSTRACT This study aims to provide empirical evidence and analyze independence, competence, work experience and gender on the quality of LHP study results. The population of this study is a reviewer in the Main Inspectorate of BPK and staff outside the main Inspectorate unit that has revised LHP. The sample in this study was 56 reviewer. The data in this study is the primary data obtained from the answers of questionnaires given to the respondents. Hypothesis testing is done by using multiple regression which has previously tested the validity, reliability and test of classical principle. Test results show achievement and results. Further research can test based on gender groups to find out evidence of experience as a determinant of the quality of the results of the study. This is done with consideration based on the samples tested, where the number of male and female smoothes is not much different, the experience is not proven by the review results. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris dan menganalisis pengaruh independensi, kompetensi, pengalaman kerja dan gender terhadap kualitas hasil reviu LHP. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pereviu di lingkungan Inspektorat Utama BPK dan pegawai di luar unit Inspektorat Utama yangpernah melakukan reviu atas LHP. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 56 auditor pereviu. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari jawaban kuesioner yang diberikan kepada responden. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan menggunakan regresi berganda yang sebelumnya telah diuji validitas, reliabilitas dan uji asumsi klasik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan independensi dan kompetensi mempengaruhi kualitas hasil reviu, namun pengalaman dan gender tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hasil reviu. Penelitian mendatang dapat melakukan pengujian berdasarkan kelompok gender agar diketahui bukti pengaruh pengalaman sebagai determinan kualitas hasil reviu. Hal ini dilakukan dengan pertimbangan berdasarkan sampel yang diuji, dimana jumlah smapel pria dan wanita tidak jauh berbeda, pengalaman tidak terbukti mempengaruhi hasil reviu. JEL Classification: H83, G28

scholarly journals Independensi, Kompetensi, Pengalaman, Gender dan Kualitas Hasil Reviu Auditor Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan di Indonesia

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Tum Adriani Sucipto ◽  
Nurmala Ahmar
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Classical Principle ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

ABSTRACT This study aims to provide empirical evidence and analyze independence, competence, work experience and gender on the quality of LHP study results. The population of this study is a reviewer in the Main Inspectorate of BPK and staff outside the main Inspectorate unit that has revised LHP. The sample in this study was 56 reviewer. The data in this study is the primary data obtained from the answers of questionnaires given to the respondents. Hypothesis testing is done by using multiple regression which has previously tested the validity, reliability and test of classical principle. Test results show achievement and results. Further research can test based on gender groups to find out evidence of experience as a determinant of the quality of the results of the study. This is done with consideration based on the samples tested, where the number of male and female smoothes is not much different, the experience is not proven by the review results. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris dan menganalisis pengaruh independensi, kompetensi, pengalaman kerja dan gender terhadap kualitas hasil reviu LHP. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pereviu di lingkungan Inspektorat Utama BPK dan pegawai di luar unit Inspektorat Utama yangpernah melakukan reviu atas LHP. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 56 auditor pereviu. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari jawaban kuesioner yang diberikan kepada responden. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan menggunakan regresi berganda yang sebelumnya telah diuji validitas, reliabilitas dan uji asumsi klasik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan independensi dan kompetensi mempengaruhi kualitas hasil reviu, namun pengalaman dan gender tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hasil reviu. Penelitian mendatang dapat melakukan pengujian berdasarkan kelompok gender agar diketahui bukti pengaruh pengalaman sebagai determinan kualitas hasil reviu. Hal ini dilakukan dengan pertimbangan berdasarkan sampel yang diuji, dimana jumlah smapel pria dan wanita tidak jauh berbeda, pengalaman tidak terbukti mempengaruhi hasil reviu. JEL Classification: H83, G28

Patients', Medical Students', and Physicians' Perceptions of Male and Female Physicians

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Shapiro ◽  
Ellen McGrath ◽  
Raymond C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Women Physicians ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Male Physician ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the Bern Sex-role Inventory, this study examined the hypothesis that male and female physicians are perceived differently both by their patients and by other physicians and medical students. This hypothesis was confirmed. Not only were significant differences in profiles of male and female physicians noted, but differences were also found among the three groups surveyed. Further, some of the differences in perception of male and female physicians were related to the sex rather than the group identity of respondents. Female patients, and to some extent female medical students, tended to view women physicians most often as androgynous and feminine. Male medical students tended to view women physicians in reverse pattern, i.e., most often feminine and then androgynous. Male physicians viewed the woman physician most often as feminine, like medical students, and then as undifferentiated. Both male and female patients and medical students tended to view the male physician most often as undifferentiated and masculine. Male physicians viewed their male colleagues most often as clearly masculine. Implications of these differences for residents' training and quality of patients' care are discussed.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document