Mechanical Damage to Pinto Bean Seeds as Affected by Moisture Content, Impact Velocity and Seed Orientation

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feizollah Shahbazi ◽  
Mohamad Analooei ◽  
Ali Saffar
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this experiment was evaluate of the impact damage to pinto bean seeds where seed moisture content (9.25, 12.51, 15.01, 17.52, 20.01% wet basis), impact velocity (5.5, 8, 10, 12.5 and 15m/s) and seed orientation (end and side) were independent variables. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions, using an impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact velocity, moisture content and seed orientation significantly influenced the physical damages of pinto beans at 1% level. Increasing the impact velocity from 5.5 to 15m/s caused an increase in the mean values of damage from 0.39 to 37.30%. With increase the moisture content from 9.25 to 17.52%, the mean values of percentage of damaged beans decreased significantly from 41.24 to 4.27%. However, by a higher increase in the moisture from 17.52 to 20.01%, the mean values of physically damaged beans showed a nonsignificant increasing trend. There was an optimum moisture level of 17.52% at which seed damage was minimized. The relationship between the percent of physical damage with impact velocity and beans moisture content was expressed mathematically. It was found that the percentage damage to seeds was a quadratic function of moisture content and impact velocity. Impact to the end of the seeds (18.62%) produced the higher damage than side orientation (13.12%).

Correlating the Data on the Mechanical Damage to Mung Bean Seeds under Impact Loading

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feizollah Shahbazi ◽  
Saman Valizadeh ◽  
Ali Dolatshaie
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Mechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling, and other processes is an important factor that affects the quality and quaintly of seeds. This study evaluated impact damage to the mung bean seeds with moisture contents of 9.54 to 25% wet basis and subject to impact velocities from 10 to 25 m/s using a laboratory impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact velocity, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage physical damage in mung ban seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact velocity from 10 to 25 m/s caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the mean values of damage from 0.53 to 31.78%. The mean values of physical damage decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by a factor about two (from 22.41 to 11.24%), with increase in the moisture content from 9.54 to 20%. However, by a higher increase in the moisture from 20 to 25%, the mean value of damage showed a non-significant increasing trend. There was an optimum moisture level of 20%, at which seed damage was minimized. An empirical model composed of seed moisture content and velocity of impact developed for accurately describing the percentage of physical damage to mung beans. It was found that the model has provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.

Mechanical Damage to Corn Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi ◽  
R. Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate and model the mechanical damage to corn seeds under impact loading. The experiments were conducted at moisture contents of 7.60 to 25% (wet basis) and at the impact energies of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 J, using an impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact energy, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage of physical damage in corn seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact of the energy from 0.1 to 0.3 J caused a significant increase in the mean values of damage from 23.73 to 83.49%. The mean values of physical damage decreased significantly by a factor of 1.92 (from 83.75 to 43.56%), with an increase in the moisture content from 7.6 to 20%. However, by a higher increase in the moisture from 20 to 25%, the mean value of damage showed a non-significant increasing trend. There was an optimum moisture level of about 17 to 20%, at which seed damage was minimized. An empirical model composed of seed moisture content and energy impact was developed for accurately describing the percentage of physical damage to corn seeds. It was found that the model has provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.

scholarly journals Crushing Susceptibility of Vetch Seeds Under Impact Loading

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Mathematical Relationships ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling and other process is an important factor that affects the quality and quaintly of seeds. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of moisture content and the impact energy on the breakage susceptibility of vetch seeds. The experiments were conducted at moisture contents of 7.57 to 25% (wet basis) and at the impact energies of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 J, using an impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact energy, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage breakage in vetch seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact energy from 0.1 to 0.3 J caused a significant increase in the mean values of seeds breakage from 41.69 to 78.67%. It was found that the relation between vetch seeds moisture content and seeds breakage was non-linear, and the extent of damaged seeds decreased significantlyas a polynomial (from 92.47 to 33.56%) with increasing moisture (from 7.57 to 17.5%) and reached a minimum at moisture level of about 17.5%. Further increase in seed moisture, however, caused an increase in the amount of seeds breakage. Mathematical relationships composed of seed moisture content and impact energy, were developed for accurately description the percentage breakage of vetch seeds under impact loading. It was found that the models have provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.

scholarly journals Biases in CloudSat Falling Snow Estimates Resulting from Daylight-Only Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2041
Author(s):  
Lisa Milani ◽  
Norman B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Satellite Missions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Mean

Falling snow is a key component of the Earth’s water cycle, and space-based observations provide the best current capability to evaluate it globally. The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) on board CloudSat is sensitive to snowfall, and other satellite missions and climatological models have used snowfall properties measured by it for evaluating and comparing against their snowfall products. Since a battery anomaly in 2011, the CPR has operated in a Daylight-Only Operations (DO-Op) mode, in which it makes measurements primarily during only the daylit portion of its orbit. This work provides estimates of biases inherent in global snowfall amounts derived from CPR measurements due to this shift to DO-Op mode. We use CloudSat’s snowfall measurements during its Full Operations (Full-Op) period prior to the battery anomaly to evaluate the impact of the DO-Op mode sampling. For multi-year global mean values, the snowfall fraction during DO-Op changes by −10.16% and the mean snowfall rate changes by −8.21% compared with Full-Op. These changes are driven by the changes in sampling in DO-Op and are very little influenced by changes in meteorology between the Full-Op and DO-Op periods. The results highlight the need to sample consistently with the CloudSat observations or to adjust snowfall estimates derived from CloudSat when using DO-Op data to evaluate other precipitation products.

Parameter Study of Concrete Impact Damage Model Based on DOE Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 451-457
Author(s):  
Jiang Bo Wang ◽  
Qing Ming Zhang ◽  
Cheng Liang Feng ◽  
Wei Bing Li ◽  
Heng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Model Material ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Impact

By building up a debugging method about material parameters of concrete impact damage model based on DOE (Design of Experiments) analysis, this paper studies the influence of material parameters of concrete targets on the results of numerical simulation based on quantitative analysis, when the impact velocity is 300m/s and 850m/s respectively. It concludes that when the impact velocity of 300m/s, 5 parameters have considerable effect on the residual velocity of warhead, they are ， ， ， and . Of all 5 parameters, , and can be obtained by calculation therefore it only needs to debug two parameters and according to experiments. Finally, when the impact velocity is 300m/s or so, debug combining the experiments to get a set of concrete impact damage model material parameters to make the results of simulation and experiment anastomosis well.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Metode Pengusangan Cepat Fisik Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Dyah Priandini ◽  
Muhamad Rahmad Suhartanto ◽  
Abdul Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Papaya Seed

Development of papaya fruit production is influenced by the availability of seed quality. High seed quality is maintained during seed storage. Estimation of vigor in relation to storability can be detected by accelerated aging test. This research aims to develop physicall accelerated aging test by, 1)determine the impact of physical accelerated aging on vigor and viability parameters on papaya seed variety Callina and Sukma, 2) determine the levels of seed moisture content and effective period of physicall accelerated aging to predict vigor of papaya seed. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology and Green House Leuwikopo, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB in January-May 2016 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seeds aged by the aging equipment MPC IPB 77-1 MMM. The results showed that the aging time decreased germination value in papaya seed variety Callina and Sukma with equation y=-0.1389x3+3.3333x2–25.25x+81.5 and y=0.0171x3+0.2028x2-9.9956x+81.095. Effective imbibition is 96 hour with moisture content 63-70% in both varieties. The effective of aging time treatment at 0x4, 1x4, 2x4, 3x4, dan 4x4 minutes.Keywords:imbibition, moisture content, viability, vigor

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TIGER NUT (Cyperus esculentus) RELEVANT TO ITS MECHANIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tega A Emurigho ◽  
Canice O.O Kabuo ◽  
Arinze N Ifegbo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

The physical and engineering properties of fresh and dried tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) were determined at moisture content of 41.20% and 16.40% on wet basis respectively. The mean values for the three principal axes (length, width and thickness) were 9.52mm, 8.16mm, and 8.16mm for fresh tiger nut and 9.14mm, 7.72mm and 8.03mm for dried tiger nut respectively, showing a decrease with decrease in moisture content and was significantly different at p?0.05. The mean values of the bulk density, true density and porosity of both fresh and dried tiger nut were 0.59g/cm3 , 0.97g/cm3 , 40.61 and 0.58g/cm3, 0.94g/cm3 , 40.35 respectively and were not significantly different at p?0.05. The mean angle of repose and coefficient of static friction over formica, stainless steel, glass and plywood surfaces of fresh tiger nut were 50.11o , 2.73, 2.45, 2.22 and 1.77 while that of dried tiger nut were 48.23o , 2.41, 2.03, 2.11 and 2.00 respectively. The mean rupture force increased with compression force of 90.08N on the major axis to 116.88N for fresh tiger nut and from 120.55N to 161.10N for dried tiger nut and were significantly different at p?0.05. These properties determined are necessary in the design and fabrication of hoppers, conveyor equipment and the force tiger nut can withstand before it is ruptured.

​Impact of Extreme Hot Environmental Temperature Period on Marker Enzymes of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Non-descript Sheep from Arid Tracts of Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandita Srivastava ◽  
Nalini Kataria
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enzymes Of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Background: The present investigation was envisaged to find out the impact of extreme hot environmental temperature period (ETP) on marker enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in male and female non-descript sheep of various age groups i.e. 4 to 13 months from arid tracts of Rajasthan. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) marker enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were considered for study. Methods: During the period October 2016-June 2017 blood samples were collected to harvest sera for spectrophotometric method from 240 healthy animals selected from private slaughter house during moderate and extreme hot environmental temperature periods (ETPs). The mean values of markers attained during moderate ETP were reckoned as the control. It was 10.00 ± 0.10 UL-1 and 42.00±1.00 respectively. Conclusion: The mean value of MDH was significantly (p≤0.05) higher while G-6-PDH significantly (p≤0.05) lowers during extreme hot temperature in comparison to moderate period. Therefore, it could be concluded that variations in enzyme markers were associated with changes in environmental temperatures. Probably ETP were able to produce a profound effect on carbohydrate metabolism in sheep. Therfore it can be suggested that during the period of extreme temperature balanced ration must be provided to the animal along with proper management to decrease the severity of temperature impact.

scholarly journals Records of performance and sanitary status from a dairy cattle herd in southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio E. F. Cruz ◽  
Djeison L. Raymundo ◽  
Cristine Cerva ◽  
Saulo P. Pavarini ◽  
André G. C. Dalto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cattle Diseases ◽  
Dairy Cattle Herd ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Voluntary Waiting Period

Over the last decades, the emphasis on the health of dairy cows has changed from an individual to a herd level. In this scenario, the role played by the recording system and its interpretation by veterinarians has gained primordial importance. The records of productive and reproductive performance and of sanitary status from a southern Brazilian dairy cattle herd have been presented and discussed. The period of study was 2000-2009. Mean values per lactation period were 349D 8436M 290F 275P 201SCS (D: days in lactation, M: kg of milk yield, F: kg of fat, P: kg of protein and SCS: somatic cell score in 1000 cells/ml of milk). Major indexes of reproductive efficiency included age at first calving (31 months), services per conception (2.1), intercalving interval (428 days), calving to conception interval (146 days), mean annual rates of parturitions (76.2%), fetal losses (9.8-19.0%), and stillbirths (3.6%), apart of voluntary waiting period (94 days). Main information on sanitary status of the herd was associated with the mean prevalence of common disorders of dairy cattle such as anaplasmosis (29.8%), mastitis (27.8%), digital diseases (26.3%), ovarian cysts (21.3%), placental retention (19.7%), postpartum uterine infections (10.6%), and calf diarrhea (23.7%) and pneumonia (16.8%), among others. In addition, culling reasons (low reproductive performance [56.3%] and udder/mastitis problems [33.6%]), causes of cattle deaths (anaplasmosis [16.4%] and leukosis [11.4]), and the impact of cattle diseases such as tuberculosis, leukosis, and neosporosis on the herd have also been presented and succinctly discussed. Numbers between brackets represent rates accumulated in the 10-year period.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-based examination of the medial ligament complex shows gender- and age-related differences in laxity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Lutz ◽  
Matthias J. Feucht ◽  
Judith Wechselberger ◽  
Michael Rasper ◽  
Wolf Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Medial Knee ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Joint Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Ultrasound (US) examination of the medial joint space of the knee has played a subordinate diagnostic role up till now. The purpose of the present study was to describe mean values of medial joint width and to investigate the impact of gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) on medial joint laxity in healthy knees using modern, dynamic US in a standardized fashion in unloaded and standardized loaded conditions. Methods A total of 65 subjects with 79 healthy knees were enrolled in this study. All volunteers underwent clinical examination of the knee. The medial knee joint width was determined using US in a supine position at 0° and 30° of knee flexion in unloaded and standardized loaded (= 15 Dekanewton, daN) conditions using a specific device. Mean values were described and correlations between medial knee joint width and gender, age, and BMI were assessed. Results Thirty-two females and 33 males were enrolled in this study. The mean medial joint width in 0° unloaded was 5.7 ± 1.2 mm and 7.4 ± 1.4 mm loaded. In 30° of knee flexion, the mean medial joint width was 6.1 ± 1.1 mm unloaded and 7.8 ± 1.2 mm loaded. The average change between unloaded and loaded conditions in 0° was 1.7 ± 1.0 mm and in 30° 1.7 ± 0.9 mm. A significant difference between genders was evident for medial joint width in 0° and 30° of flexion in unloaded and loaded conditions (p < 0.05). With rising age, a significant increased change of medial joint space width between unloaded and loaded conditions could be demonstrated in 0° (p = 0.032). No significant correlation between BMI and medial joint width in US could be found. Conclusion Mean values of medial joint width in unloaded and standardized loaded conditions using a fixation device could be demonstrated. Based on the results of this study, medial knee joint width in US is gender- and age-related in healthy knees. These present data may be useful for evaluating patients with acute or chronic pathologies to the medial side of the knee. Level of evidence III.

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