Mechanical Damage to Corn Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi ◽  
R. Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate and model the mechanical damage to corn seeds under impact loading. The experiments were conducted at moisture contents of 7.60 to 25% (wet basis) and at the impact energies of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 J, using an impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact energy, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage of physical damage in corn seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact of the energy from 0.1 to 0.3 J caused a significant increase in the mean values of damage from 23.73 to 83.49%. The mean values of physical damage decreased significantly by a factor of 1.92 (from 83.75 to 43.56%), with an increase in the moisture content from 7.6 to 20%. However, by a higher increase in the moisture from 20 to 25%, the mean value of damage showed a non-significant increasing trend. There was an optimum moisture level of about 17 to 20%, at which seed damage was minimized. An empirical model composed of seed moisture content and energy impact was developed for accurately describing the percentage of physical damage to corn seeds. It was found that the model has provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.

Correlating the Data on the Mechanical Damage to Mung Bean Seeds under Impact Loading

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feizollah Shahbazi ◽  
Saman Valizadeh ◽  
Ali Dolatshaie
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Mechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling, and other processes is an important factor that affects the quality and quaintly of seeds. This study evaluated impact damage to the mung bean seeds with moisture contents of 9.54 to 25% wet basis and subject to impact velocities from 10 to 25 m/s using a laboratory impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact velocity, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage physical damage in mung ban seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact velocity from 10 to 25 m/s caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the mean values of damage from 0.53 to 31.78%. The mean values of physical damage decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by a factor about two (from 22.41 to 11.24%), with increase in the moisture content from 9.54 to 20%. However, by a higher increase in the moisture from 20 to 25%, the mean value of damage showed a non-significant increasing trend. There was an optimum moisture level of 20%, at which seed damage was minimized. An empirical model composed of seed moisture content and velocity of impact developed for accurately describing the percentage of physical damage to mung beans. It was found that the model has provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.

Mechanical Damage to Pinto Bean Seeds as Affected by Moisture Content, Impact Velocity and Seed Orientation

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feizollah Shahbazi ◽  
Mohamad Analooei ◽  
Ali Saffar
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this experiment was evaluate of the impact damage to pinto bean seeds where seed moisture content (9.25, 12.51, 15.01, 17.52, 20.01% wet basis), impact velocity (5.5, 8, 10, 12.5 and 15m/s) and seed orientation (end and side) were independent variables. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions, using an impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact velocity, moisture content and seed orientation significantly influenced the physical damages of pinto beans at 1% level. Increasing the impact velocity from 5.5 to 15m/s caused an increase in the mean values of damage from 0.39 to 37.30%. With increase the moisture content from 9.25 to 17.52%, the mean values of percentage of damaged beans decreased significantly from 41.24 to 4.27%. However, by a higher increase in the moisture from 17.52 to 20.01%, the mean values of physically damaged beans showed a nonsignificant increasing trend. There was an optimum moisture level of 17.52% at which seed damage was minimized. The relationship between the percent of physical damage with impact velocity and beans moisture content was expressed mathematically. It was found that the percentage damage to seeds was a quadratic function of moisture content and impact velocity. Impact to the end of the seeds (18.62%) produced the higher damage than side orientation (13.12%).

scholarly journals Crushing Susceptibility of Vetch Seeds Under Impact Loading

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Mathematical Relationships ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling and other process is an important factor that affects the quality and quaintly of seeds. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of moisture content and the impact energy on the breakage susceptibility of vetch seeds. The experiments were conducted at moisture contents of 7.57 to 25% (wet basis) and at the impact energies of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 J, using an impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact energy, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage breakage in vetch seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact energy from 0.1 to 0.3 J caused a significant increase in the mean values of seeds breakage from 41.69 to 78.67%. It was found that the relation between vetch seeds moisture content and seeds breakage was non-linear, and the extent of damaged seeds decreased significantlyas a polynomial (from 92.47 to 33.56%) with increasing moisture (from 7.57 to 17.5%) and reached a minimum at moisture level of about 17.5%. Further increase in seed moisture, however, caused an increase in the amount of seeds breakage. Mathematical relationships composed of seed moisture content and impact energy, were developed for accurately description the percentage breakage of vetch seeds under impact loading. It was found that the models have provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.

​Impact of Extreme Hot Environmental Temperature Period on Marker Enzymes of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Non-descript Sheep from Arid Tracts of Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandita Srivastava ◽  
Nalini Kataria
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enzymes Of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Background: The present investigation was envisaged to find out the impact of extreme hot environmental temperature period (ETP) on marker enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in male and female non-descript sheep of various age groups i.e. 4 to 13 months from arid tracts of Rajasthan. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) marker enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were considered for study. Methods: During the period October 2016-June 2017 blood samples were collected to harvest sera for spectrophotometric method from 240 healthy animals selected from private slaughter house during moderate and extreme hot environmental temperature periods (ETPs). The mean values of markers attained during moderate ETP were reckoned as the control. It was 10.00 ± 0.10 UL-1 and 42.00±1.00 respectively. Conclusion: The mean value of MDH was significantly (p≤0.05) higher while G-6-PDH significantly (p≤0.05) lowers during extreme hot temperature in comparison to moderate period. Therefore, it could be concluded that variations in enzyme markers were associated with changes in environmental temperatures. Probably ETP were able to produce a profound effect on carbohydrate metabolism in sheep. Therfore it can be suggested that during the period of extreme temperature balanced ration must be provided to the animal along with proper management to decrease the severity of temperature impact.

scholarly journals Aerodynamic Properties of Makhobeli, Triticale and Wheat Seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feizollah Shahbazi ◽  
Saman Valizadeh ◽  
Ali Dowlatshah
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Content Range ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Abstract The objective of this study was the evaluation of the aerodynamic properties of Makhobeli, triticale and wheat seeds as a function of moisture content from 7 to 27% (w.b). The results showed that the terminal velocity of triticale and wheat seeds increased linearly from 5.37 to 6.42 and from 6.31 to 8.02 m s-1, respectively, as the moisture content increased from 7 to 27%. Over this same moisture content range, the terminal velocity of Makhobeli seeds varied following a polynomial relationship from 4.52 to 5.07 m s-1. Makhobeli seeds had terminal velocities with a mean value of 4.73 m s-1, at different moisture contents, compared to the mean values of 5.89 and 7.13 m s-1 for triticale and wheat seeds, respectively. The mean value of drag coefficient was 1.12 for Makhobeli compared to the values of 0.92 and 0.85 for triticale and wheat, respectively. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between the terminal velocity (at 1 % probability level) and drag coefficient (at 5% probability level) of Mak-hobeli with triticale and wheat seeds, which suggests that aerodynamic separation of Makhobeli from triticale and wheat is possible.

scholarly journals Mechanical Damage to Chickpea Seeds as Affected by Npk Fertilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi ◽  
S. Falah ◽  
H.R. Eisvand
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Abstract The aim of research was to determine the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers onthe some physical properties and mechanical damage to chickpea seeds under impact. The martial for tests was from a field experiment with varied levels fertilization with nitrogen (0 and 50 kg/ha, N), phosphorus (0 and 100 kg/ha, P2O5) and potassium (0 and 100 kg/ha, K2O). The variation of the mechanical damage was analyzed depending on the mode of varied fertilization, seed moisture content and impact energy. It was found that the chickpea seeds were bigger with NPK supply. The effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers rates on the mechanical damage to chickpea seeds was significant at 1% probability level (P<0.01) and increased its hardness and resilience therefore caused the better resistance to impact damage. Potassium fertilization ratehad the most influence and phosphorus fertilization rate had the least. The effect of the nitrogen fertilizer rate was not significant (P>0.05). Harvesting chickpea seeds at higher moisture content and lower impact energy should give lower breakage when NPK is supplied, as well as when no NPK is supplied.

The impact of low-flow season on source drinking water quality, Rosetta branch, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ghodeif ◽  
R. Wahaab ◽  
S. Sorour
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The present work was conducted to document the problems raised regarding low-flow in the Rosetta branch, Egypt and to develop management options to protect drinking water sources. The water quality was monitored during low-flow periods at four drinking water intakes. Results showed an increase in electric conductivity (EC), ammonium (NH4), nitrite (NO2), phosphate (PO4), and total organic carbon (TOC) during the low-flow period. EC ranges from 454 to 1,062 μS/cm and the mean value is 744. Ammonium ranges from 0.38 to 18.5 mg/L and the mean value is 5.45. NO2, PO4, and TOC have mean values of 0.73, 1.85, and 6.71 mg/L, respectively. Statistical evaluation revealed the association of NH4, EC, and PO4 that are good indicators for the load of wastewater. High ammonium often refers to a bad situation regarding oxygen while high nitrite indicates the first oxidation for wastewater through microbiological processes. The low-flow action has a serious impact on drinking water source. A high content of ammonium has delayed coagulation, enhanced algae growth, and prevented the breakpoint being reached during chlorination processes. Potential management options to deal with water scarcity and low-flow, meanwhile reducing the contaminant load in the source drinking water were proposed.

scholarly journals Determination of the moisture content of white and yellow corn from ohaji in imo state of nigeria using the dry-weight technique

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Offurum Julius Chigozie ◽  
C.M. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Constant Temperature

The water content determination of two maize species (Yellow corn- and White corn- ) located at Ohaji in Imo State of Nigeria were  considered in this study. This was motivated by the regular reported cases of the seed post-harvest spoilages, especially in the local communities. And the moisture content of a particular seed could vary according to the various location of crop, presumably due to the soil texture. The moisture content of a given crop seed can influence its storage value, as well as its choice of selection during manufacturing processes. It was, thus, necessary to determine the moisture content of the two maize species (white and yellow corn) from Ohaji in Imo State of Nigeria, in order to identify their dispositions, especially during storage. Modified High Constant Temperature Oven method, as prescribed by the International Seed Testing Association (which involves preliminary pre-drying and grinding), was employed, at a temperature of 102oC. This involved the use of dry-weight technique, which is expressed as a percentage of the dry weight of the seeds. The procedure for each sampling was replicated accordingly, and the mean value identified as the actual result. The moisture content for Sample A (white corn) was found to be 31.7%, while that of Sample B (yellow corn) was found to be 21.5%, which shows that the yellow corn would always have longer storage value than the white corn. As any change in the seed moisture content has a way of affecting its storage life, it is advisable not to store the white corn longer than it could be applied in the yellow corn for a better storage value.Keywords: Determination, Moisture Content, White Corn, Yellow Corn, Dry-weight Basis

Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Isotopic Composition ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

scholarly journals Biases in CloudSat Falling Snow Estimates Resulting from Daylight-Only Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2041
Author(s):  
Lisa Milani ◽  
Norman B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Satellite Missions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Mean

Falling snow is a key component of the Earth’s water cycle, and space-based observations provide the best current capability to evaluate it globally. The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) on board CloudSat is sensitive to snowfall, and other satellite missions and climatological models have used snowfall properties measured by it for evaluating and comparing against their snowfall products. Since a battery anomaly in 2011, the CPR has operated in a Daylight-Only Operations (DO-Op) mode, in which it makes measurements primarily during only the daylit portion of its orbit. This work provides estimates of biases inherent in global snowfall amounts derived from CPR measurements due to this shift to DO-Op mode. We use CloudSat’s snowfall measurements during its Full Operations (Full-Op) period prior to the battery anomaly to evaluate the impact of the DO-Op mode sampling. For multi-year global mean values, the snowfall fraction during DO-Op changes by −10.16% and the mean snowfall rate changes by −8.21% compared with Full-Op. These changes are driven by the changes in sampling in DO-Op and are very little influenced by changes in meteorology between the Full-Op and DO-Op periods. The results highlight the need to sample consistently with the CloudSat observations or to adjust snowfall estimates derived from CloudSat when using DO-Op data to evaluate other precipitation products.

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