ANALYSIS ON MANGROVES DISTRIBUTION CHANGE OVER THE LAST 40 YEARS BY USING RGB IMAGES OF AIRA RIVER MOUTH IN ITIOMOTE ISLAND, JAPAN AND EFFECT BY SEA LEVEL RISE

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. I_925-I_930
Author(s):  
Wataru NAKAMURA ◽  
Yoshiyuki NAKAMURA ◽  
Kiyoshi FUJIMOTO ◽  
Takayuki SUZUKI ◽  
Hiroto HIGA
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Distribution Change ◽  
Rgb Images

scholarly journals Long-term challenge to mangrove in the National park Xuanthuy – data released from shallow subsidence monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Xuan Thuyen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
National Park ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red River ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
The Core

A small mangrove colony growing for several decades on a mud flat on the left side of Balat River mouth has become today a large and healthy forest, containing a high ecosystem service value in the core of the Red River biosphere reserve. As a pioneer ecosystem located at land– water interface in the tropic, there exist always risks to mangroves, especially due to climate change and sea level rise. Sea level rise is a worldwide process, but subsidence is a local problem that can exacerbate these geo-hazards. A monitoring of shallow subsidence has been carried out by using SET-MH technique (developed by the United States Geological Survey) to track the both accretion and land sinking in the core zone of the National Park. The measurement shows the average sedimentation rate of 2.9 cm / yr and the sinking rate of 3.4 cm / yr, since Dec. 30th 2012. This is the first ground-based observation of shallow subsidence under mangroves in the Tonkin Gulf. As a simple and low cost method, so further expansion of this monitoring could provide more useful information to help identify the generally sinking trend of coastal areas in the Red River Delta and also to protect its own biosphere reserve.

Composition and Flux of Holocene Sediments on the Eastern Laptev Sea Shelf, Arctic Siberia

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning A. Bauch ◽  
Heidemarie Kassens ◽  
Olga D. Naidina ◽  
Martina Kunz-Pirrung ◽  
Jörn Thiede
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
The Core ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
Marine Fossils ◽  
Total Sediment

AbstractA 467-cm-long core from the inner shelf of the eastern Laptev Sea provides a depositional history since 9400 cal yr. B.P. The history involves temporal changes in the fluvial runoff as well as postglacial sea-level rise and southward retreat of the coastline. Although the core contains marine fossils back to 8900 cal yr B.P., abundant plant debris in a sandy facies low in the core shows that a river influenced the study site until ∼8100 cal yr B.P. As sea level rose and the distance to the coast increased, this riverine influence diminished gradually and the sediment type changed, by 7400 cal yr B.P., from sandy silt to clayey silt. Although total sediment input decreased in a step-like fashion from 7600 to 4000 cal yr B.P., this interval had the highest average sedimentation rates and the greatest fluxes in most sedimentary components. While this maximum probably resulted from middle Holocene climate warming, the low input of sand to the site after 7400 cal yr B.P. probably resulted from further southward retreat of the coastline and river mouth. Since about 4000 cal yr B.P., total sediment flux has remained rather constant in this part of the Laptev Sea shelf due to a gradual stabilization of the depositional regime after completion of the Holocene sea-level rise.

scholarly journals Relative Sea-Level Rise Scenario for 2100 along the Coast of South Eastern Sicily (Italy) by InSAR Data, Satellite Images and High-Resolution Topography

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Marco Anzidei ◽  
Giovanni Scicchitano ◽  
Giovanni Scardino ◽  
Christian Bignami ◽  
Cristiano Tolomei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Coastal Retreat

The global sea-level rise (SLR) projections for the next few decades are the basis for developing flooding maps that depict the expected hazard scenarios. However, the spatially variable land subsidence has generally not been considered in the current projections. In this study, we use geodetic data from global navigation satellite system (GNSS), synthetic aperture radar interferometric measurements (InSAR) and sea-level data from tidal stations to show the combined effects of land subsidence and SLR along the coast between Catania and Marzamemi, in south-eastern Sicily (southern Italy). This is one of the most active tectonic areas of the Mediterranean basin, which drives accelerated SLR, continuous coastal retreat and increasing effects of flooding and storms surges. We focus on six selected areas, which show valuable coastal infrastructures and natural reserves where the expected SLR in the next few years could be a potential cause of significant land flooding and morphological changes of the coastal strip. Through a multidisciplinary study, the multi-temporal flooding scenarios until 2100, have been estimated. Results are based on the spatially variable rates of vertical land movements (VLM), the topographic features of the area provided by airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections of SLR in the Representative Concentration Pathways RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios. In addition, from the analysis of the time series of optical satellite images, a coastal retreat up to 70 m has been observed at the Ciane river mouth (Siracusa) in the time span 2001–2019. Our results show a diffuse land subsidence locally exceeding 10 ± 2.5 mm/year in some areas, due to compacting artificial landfill, salt marshes and Holocene soft deposits. Given ongoing land subsidence, a high end of RSLR in the RCP 8.5 at 0.52 ± 0.05 m and 1.52 ± 0.13 m is expected for 2050 AD and 2100 AD, respectively, with an exposed area of about 9.7 km2 that will be vulnerable to inundation in the next 80 years.

scholarly journals Monitoring and predicting the shoreline change in Can Gio area in condition of the sea level rise

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Vinh Trong Bui ◽  
Tin Trung Huynh ◽  
Trinh Nguyen Doan Le ◽  
Hoang Minh Ly ◽  
Phong Thanh Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Shoreline Change ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Coastal Morphology ◽  
Shoreline Changes ◽  
Seasonal Movement

Locating on the domestic and international navigation routes (Long Tau-Tac Dinh Cau route, Soai Rap route) the Can Gio area is impacted by waterway traffic activities. The seasonal movement of sand bars on the Can Gio is significantly impacted by hydrodynamic of the river mouth. With the important roles of the area, the authors consider the coastal morphology processes under the hydrodynamic. In this paper, the authors has inherited previous studies combined the satellite image analysis to detect the shoreline changes from 1973 to 2013. Besides, numerical modeling was also applied to predict the shoreline changes under impacts of the sea level rise. Results show that, the Can Gio shoreline prolonging from Can Thanh to Dong Hoa is seriously eroded, with average of 7-10 m/year, maximum to 15 m/year. It is found that, beach erosion at Can Gio is a kind of surface erosion impacted by human trigger (shrimp ponds, beach encroachment…). In addition, natural factors (wave, long-shore current, littoral materials) also contribute to increase the erosion rate. Predicted results with sea level rise scenarios show that, the Dong Hoa and Can Thanh will be seriously eroded while the 30-4 beach will be annually deposited.

scholarly journals Impacts of Sea Level Rise and River Discharge on the Hydrodynamics Characteristics of Jakarta Bay (Indonesia)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Yahya Surya ◽  
Zhiguo He ◽  
Yuezhang Xia ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Tidal Component ◽  
Inundation Area ◽  
Current Magnitude ◽  
Coastal Ocean Model

Jakarta city has been vulnerable to sea level rise and flooding for many years. A Giant Seawall (GSW) was proposed in Jakarta Bay to protect the city. The impacts of sea level rise and river discharge on the tidal dynamics in Jakarta Bay and flooding areas in Jakarta city were investigated using the finite-volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM). Model results showed that the bay is diurnally dominated by the K1 tidal component. The diurnal tides propagate westward, while the semidiurnal tides propagate eastward in the bay. The rise of sea level increases the diurnal tidal component and the inundation areas due to the increased tidal forcing: when considering a sea level rise of 0.6 m, the K1 amplitude increases by ~1% (0.25 cm) near the coastline and the current magnitude increases by 16.6% (0.05 m/s). The inundation area increases with the sea level rise in the low land elevation areas occurring near the coastlines: the inundation area increased by 29.68 km2 (7.1%) with a sea level rise of 0.6 m. The increase of river discharge amplified the diurnal tidal component as well as the inundation areas at the river mouth due to increased fluvial forcing: if 10 times the mean river discharge occurs, the K1 amplitude increases by ~1% (0.25 cm) and the current magnitude increases by 100% (0.4 m/s), and the inundation areas increase by 26.61 km2 (6.2%). The K1 tidal phase remains almost unchanged under both the sea level rise and river discharge conditions. The combined increase of sea level rise and the river discharge amplifies the inundation areas and the tidal currents due to increased tidal and fluvial forcing. The construction of GSW would decrease the tidal prism and dissipation effects of the bay, thus slightly increasing the K1 amplitude of the tidal level: by less than 1% (0.2 cm). There would be no significant change of phase lag for the K1 component. Although this study is site specific, the findings could be applied more widely to any open-type bays.

scholarly journals Sea-level rise along the Emilia-Romagna coast (Northern Italy) at 2100: scenarios and impacts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Perini ◽  
Lorenzo Calabrese ◽  
Paolo Luciani ◽  
Marco Olivieri ◽  
Gaia Galassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Po River ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. As a consequence of climate change and human-induced land subsidence, coastal zones are directly impacted by sea-level rise. In some particular areas, the effects on the ecosystem and the urbanisation are particularly enhanced. We focus on the Emilia-Romagna coastal plain in Northern Italy, bounded by the Po river mouth to the north and by the Apennines to the south. The plain is ~ 130 km long and is characterised by wide areas below sea level, in part reclaimed wetlands. In this context, several morphodynamic factors make the shore and back-shore unstable. During next decades, the combined effects of land subsidence and of the sea-level rise in consequence of climate change are expected to enhance the shoreline instability, leading to a further retreat. The consequent loss of beaches would impact the economy of the region, tightly connected with tourism infrastructures. Furthermore, the loss of wetlands and dunes would threaten the ecosystem, crucial for the preservation of life and environment. These specific conditions show the importance of a precise definition of the possible local impacts of the ongoing and future climate variations. The aim of this work is the characterisation of vulnerability in different sectors of the coastal plain and the recognition of the areas in which human intervention is urgently required. The IPCC AR5 sea-level scenarios are merged with new high resolution terrain models, current data for local subsidence and predictions of a flooding model (in_CoastFlood) to develop different scenarios for the impact of sea-level rise to year 2100. First, the potential land loss due to the combined effect of subsidence and sea-level rise is extrapolated. Second, the increase of floodable areas in consequence of storm surges is quantitatively determined. The results are expected to support the regional mitigation and adaptation strategies designed in response to climate change.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Man-made Interventions, as Destabilizing Factors of the Coastal Zone: Some Examples of Coasts and Coastal Wetlands in Urban, Peri-Urban Areas and Natural Parks in Greece

2019 ◽  
pp. 616-642
Author(s):  
Aristeidis Mertzanis ◽  
Asimina Mertzani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Natural Parks

The consequences of man-made interventions, Climate Change and future Sea-level rise upon some coastal plains of Greece are examined. Many urban, peri-urban areas and Natural Parks, in low elevation coastal zones in Greece are experiencing or are at risk of Sea-level rise, storm surges, water and soil pollution, saline water intrusion (salinity), coastal erosion and shoreline retreat, floods, and droughts. Sea-level rise could erode and inundate coastal ecosystems and disrupt wetlands, Urban and peri-Urban areas. Characteristic examples of these are the protected wetlands that exist in Greece such as those in the Delta and the river mouth areas of the Sperchios, Alfeios, Arachthos, Louros, and Inois rivers, and the small town of Tolo. Man-made interventions affect the coastal wetland ecosystems, Urban and peri-Urban areas under study. At the same time, an important factor of the destabilization of the ecological balance is the Climate Change and the expected sea-level rise. The main anthropogenic degradation and stresses on the under investigation areas, in recent decades, includes wetland draining, exsiccation of lagoons and lakes, river engineering works, dam construction, intensification and development of agriculture projects, sand mining from riverbeds and beaches, construction of motorways, construction of harbor structures, such as harbors, jetties, seawalls, groins, and breakwaters, rapid urbanization processes, holiday home building and tourist facilities, massive tourism and intense coastal development, water pollution, human-induced land subsidence (uncontrolled water abstraction from surface and underground water tables), and removal of coastal vegetation. Satellite images, maps and systematic in situ observations, integrated with the direct digitizing on the basis of different aged aerial photographs was adopted to estimate the coastal erosion and accretion rates in recent decades (1945-2019) in the areas, under study.

scholarly journals Sea-level rise along the Emilia-Romagna coast (Northern Italy) in 2100: scenarios and impacts

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2271-2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Perini ◽  
Lorenzo Calabrese ◽  
Paolo Luciani ◽  
Marco Olivieri ◽  
Gaia Galassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. As a consequence of climate change and land subsidence, coastal zones are directly impacted by sea-level rise. In some particular areas, the effects on the ecosystem and urbanisation are particularly enhanced. We focus on the Emilia-Romagna (E-R) coastal plain in Northern Italy, bounded by the Po river mouth to the north and by the Apennines to the south. The plain is  ∼ 130 km long and is characterised by wide areas below mean sea level, in part made up of reclaimed wetlands. In this context, several morphodynamic factors make the shore and back shore unstable. During next decades, the combined effects of land subsidence and of the sea-level rise as a result of climate change are expected to enhance the shoreline instability, leading to further retreat. The consequent loss of beaches would impact the economy of the region, which is tightly connected with tourism infrastructures. Furthermore, the loss of wetlands and dunes would threaten the ecosystem, which is crucial for the preservation of life and the environment. These specific conditions show the importance of a precise definition of the possible local impacts of the ongoing and future climate variations. The aim of this work is the characterisation of vulnerability in different sectors of the coastal plain and the recognition of the areas in which human intervention is urgently required. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) sea-level scenarios are merged with new high-resolution terrain models, current data for local subsidence and predictions of the flooding model in_CoastFlood in order to develop different scenarios for the impact of sea-level rise projected to year 2100. First, the potential land loss due to the combined effect of subsidence and sea-level rise is extrapolated. Second, the increase in floodable areas as a result of storm surges is quantitatively determined. The results are expected to support the regional mitigation and adaptation strategies designed in response to climate change.

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