scholarly journals Observation of dissolved oxygen in stagnant water body by use of airlift

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
Kiyosi Izumi ◽  
Masakazu Yamazaki ◽  
Hideo Kikkawa
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Stagnant Water

Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Domestic Wastewater Using Vertical Aerated Limestone Filter

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Rafidah binti Hamdan ◽  
Izzati Izwani Ibrahim ◽  
Ain Nabila Abdul Talib
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Final Effluent

Nitrogen is a naturally occurring element that is essential for growth and reproduction in both plants and animals. Excessive concentrations in the water body can cause excessive growth of algae and other plants, leading to accelerate eutrophication of lakes, and occasional depletion of dissolved oxygen. To remove nitrogen conventionally from domestic wastewater requires a high cost technology due to consumption of chemicals, high operational and maintenance cost. Therefore, an alternative low cost treatment technology particularly for nutrient removal including nitrogen removal system has been developed to improve the final effluent quality that is an aerated rock filter system. However, the optimization study under warm climate has not yet been developed. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the removal of ammonia nitrogen (AN) from domestic wastewater through nitrification process using a lab-scale vertical aerated limestone filter. Domestic wastewater sample used in this study was collected from Taman Bukit Perdana Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), Batu Pahat, Johor owned by IWK. The experiment has been carried out for 10 weeks. The influent and effluent of the vertical aerated limestone filter system have been sampled and analyzed on biweekly basis for selected parameters including AN, Total Kjedhal Nitrogen (TKN), pH, alkalinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen to monitor the effectiveness of the filter. Results from this study show that nitrification process has took place within the aerated limestone filter as the results from laboratory experiments show that AN in wastewater was oxidized to nitrate and efficiently removed as the removal of AN was ranged from 85 % to 92 % and the removal percentage of TKN was ranged from 83.52 % - 91.67 %. The temperature was in the average of 26.3oC±0.75, pH value average of , DO was from 6.64 mg/L to 7.75 mg/L , and the alkalinity was from 15 to 110 mg / l as CaCO3 . Therefore, from this study it can be concluded that aerated rock filter system has high potential in removing AN and TKN. It is also able to produce a good final effluent quality which is comply with the effluent requirement for nutrient removal in wastewater under the Environmental Quality Act (Sewage) Regulations, 2009 that is safe to be released to the water body.

Evidence for physical and chemical stratification in Lake Untersee (central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica)

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wand ◽  
G. Schwarz ◽  
E. Brüggemann ◽  
K. Bräuer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Water Body ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Bacterial Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Chemical Stratification ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Vertical Gradients

Lake Untersee is the largest freshwater lake in the interior of East Antarctica. It is a perennially ice-covered, max. 169 m deep, ultra-oligotrophic lake. In contrast to earlier studies, we found clear evidence for physical and chemical stratification in the summer of 1991–92. However, the stratification was restricted to a trough, c. 500 m wide and up to 105 m deep, in the south-western part of the lake. There, the water body was distinctly stratified as indicated by sharp vertical gradients of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity. The water column was anoxic below 80 m. The chemical stratification is also indicated by changes of ionic ratios. Moreover, there was some evidence for methanogenesis and bacterial sulphate reduction in Lake Untersee.

Minimal Dissolved Oxygen Requirements of Aquatic Life with Emphasis on Canadian Species: a Review

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
Response Thresholds ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

This article reviews the sensitivity, responses, response thresholds, and minimum oxygen requirements of marine and freshwater organisms with strong emphasis on Canadian species. The analysis attempts to define low dissolved oxygen thresholds which produce some physiological, behavioral, or other response in different species.Oxygen availability is discussed with reference to seasonal, geographical, or spatial variation in dissolved oxygen. Factors affecting availability of dissolved oxygen include atmospheric exchange, mixing of water masses, upwelling, respiration, photosynthesis, ice cover, and physical factors such as temperature and salinity. Dissolved oxygen terminology is summarized and tables are included for both fresh and saltwater O2 solubility at different temperatures.Incipient O2 response thresholds are used in a statistical analysis to develop oxygen criteria for safeguarding various groups of freshwater and marine fish. These include mixed freshwater fish populations including or excluding salmonids, freshwater salmonid populations, salmonid larvae or mature salmonid eggs, marine anadromous and nonanadromous species. Criteria are based on threshold oxygen levels which influence fish behavior, blood O2 saturation, metabolic rate, swimming ability, viability and normal development of eggs and larvae, growth, circulatory dynamics, ventilation, gaseous exchange, and sensitivity to toxic stresses. The criteria provide three levels of protection for each fish group and are expressed as percentage oxygen saturation for a range of seasonal temperature maxima.Oxygen tolerances and responses of aquatic invertebrates to low oxygen are reviewed for freshwater and marine species according to habitat. No invertebrate criteria are proposed owing to the capacity for many invertebrate species to adopt anaerobic metabolism during low O2 stress. It is suggested that the criteria proposed for fish species will provide a reasonable safeguard to most invertebrate species. It appears likely, however, that a change in oxygen regime to one of increased O2 scarcity will probably influence invertebrate community structure.It is suggested that criteria for protection of aquatic life be implemented by groups of experienced individuals. The group should consider the natural oxygen regime for a specific water body and its natural variability, the aquatic life therein and its value, importance, relative O2 sensitivity, and the possibility of interactions with toxicants and other factors that may compound the stress produced by low O2 on aquatic life. Each water body and its aquatic life should be considered as a unique situation and criteria application should not encompass diverse areas, habitats, or biological associations as if they were identical.

MODELING THE ROLE OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN-DEPENDENT BACTERIA ON BIODEGRADATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. SHUKLA ◽  
ASHISH GOYAL ◽  
P. K. TIWARI ◽  
A. K. MISRA
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nonlinear Mathematical Model ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the role of dissolved oxygen (DO)-dependent bacteria on biodegradation of one or two organic pollutant(s) in a water body. In the case of two organic pollutant(s), it is assumed that the one is fast degrading and the other is slow degrading and both are discharged into the water body from outside with constant rates. The density of bacteria is assumed to follow logistic model and its growth increases due to biodegradation of one or two organic pollutant(s) as well as with the increase in the concentration of DO. The model is analyzed using the stability theory of differential equations and by simulation. The model analysis shows that the concentration(s) of one or both organic pollutant(s) decrease(s) as the density of bacteria increases. It is noted that for very large density of bacteria, the organic pollutant(s) may be removed almost completely from the water body. It is found that simulation analysis confirms the analytical results. The results obtained in this paper are in line with the experimental observations published in literature.

scholarly journals Ecological well-being of water sources as a factor of an industrial city sustainable development

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 08007
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Khodorovskaia ◽  
Vladislav Yachmenev ◽  
Anna Kravtsova ◽  
Svetlana Kraineva ◽  
Larisa Deryabina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

In this article a “well-being” degree of the water supply source of a major industrial center (Chelyabinsk, Russia) is determined in compliance with criteria of the sustainable development goal 6 “Clean water and sanitation” (SDG 6). It is demonstrated that the Shershnevskoye reservoir corresponds to the main water quality indicators recommended by the SDG 6 and is the “good-quality” water body according to the national standards for maximum permissible concentrations for drinking water use during the entire period of the reservoir existence. The dynamics of pH level, mineralization, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals content in the water of the reservoir for the period from 1975 to 2020 was analyzed. Stable neutral-alkaline conditions in the reservoir water were revealed; a statistically significant decrease of mineralization, increase of dissolved oxygen content and a strong trend of mineral phosphorus growth are observed, which characterizes strengthening of photosynthetic processes and increase of productivity and anthropogenic eutrophication level of the water body. The risk factor for the reservoir ecological well-being is heavy metal content, especially iron, manganese and copper.

scholarly journals Using high-frequency water quality data to assess sampling strategies for the EU Water Framework Directive

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 2491-2504 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Skeffington ◽  
S. J. Halliday ◽  
A. J. Wade ◽  
M. J. Bowes ◽  
M. Loewenthal
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Water Body ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Eu Water Framework Directive ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Chemical Status ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires that the ecological and chemical status of water bodies in Europe should be assessed, and action taken where possible to ensure that at least "good" quality is attained in each case by 2015. This paper is concerned with the accuracy and precision with which chemical status in rivers can be measured given certain sampling strategies, and how this can be improved. High-frequency (hourly) chemical data from four rivers in southern England were subsampled to simulate different sampling strategies for four parameters used for WFD classification: dissolved phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature. These data sub-sets were then used to calculate the WFD classification for each site. Monthly sampling was less precise than weekly sampling, but the effect on WFD classification depended on the closeness of the range of concentrations to the class boundaries. In some cases, monthly sampling for a year could result in the same water body being assigned to three or four of the WFD classes with 95% confidence, due to random sampling effects, whereas with weekly sampling this was one or two classes for the same cases. In the most extreme case, the same water body could have been assigned to any of the five WFD quality classes. Weekly sampling considerably reduces the uncertainties compared to monthly sampling. The width of the weekly sampled confidence intervals was about 33% that of the monthly for P species and pH, about 50% for dissolved oxygen, and about 67% for water temperature. For water temperature, which is assessed as the 98th percentile in the UK, monthly sampling biases the mean downwards by about 1 °C compared to the true value, due to problems of assessing high percentiles with limited data. Low-frequency measurements will generally be unsuitable for assessing standards expressed as high percentiles. Confining sampling to the working week compared to all 7 days made little difference, but a modest improvement in precision could be obtained by sampling at the same time of day within a 3 h time window, and this is recommended. For parameters with a strong diel variation, such as dissolved oxygen, the value obtained, and thus possibly the WFD classification, can depend markedly on when in the cycle the sample was taken. Specifying this in the sampling regime would be a straightforward way to improve precision, but there needs to be agreement about how best to characterise risk in different types of river. These results suggest that in some cases it will be difficult to assign accurate WFD chemical classes or to detect likely trends using current sampling regimes, even for these largely groundwater-fed rivers. A more critical approach to sampling is needed to ensure that management actions are appropriate and supported by data.

scholarly journals Using high frequency water quality data to assess sampling strategies for the EU Water Framework Directive

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1279-1309
Author(s):  
R. A. Skeffington ◽  
S. J. Halliday ◽  
A. J. Wade ◽  
M. J. Bowes ◽  
M. Loewenthal
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Water Body ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Eu Water Framework Directive ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Chemical Status ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires that the ecological and chemical status of water bodies in Europe should be assessed, and action taken where possible to ensure that at least "good" quality is attained in each case by 2015. This paper is concerned with the accuracy and precision with which chemical status in rivers can be measured given certain sampling strategies, and how this can be improved. High frequency (hourly) chemical data from four rivers in southern England were subsampled to simulate different sampling strategies for four parameters used for WFD classification: dissolved phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature. These data sub-sets were then used to calculate the WFD classification for each site. Monthly sampling was less precise than weekly sampling, but the effect on WFD classification depended on the closeness of the range of concentrations to the class boundaries. In some cases, monthly sampling for a year could result in the same water body being assigned to one of 3 or 4 WFD classes with 95% confidence, whereas with weekly sampling this was 1 or 2 classes for the same cases. In the most extreme case, random sampling effects could result in the same water body being assigned to any of the 5 WFD quality classes. The width of the weekly sampled confidence intervals was about 33% that of the monthly for P species and pH, about 50% for dissolved oxygen, and about 67% for water temperature. For water temperature, which is assessed as the 98th percentile in the UK, monthly sampling biases the mean downwards by about 1 °C compared to the true value, due to problems of assessing high percentiles with limited data. Confining sampling to the working week compared to all seven days made little difference, but a modest improvement in precision could be obtained by sampling at the same time of day within a 3 h time window, and this is recommended. For parameters with a strong diel variation, such as dissolved oxygen, the value obtained, and thus possibly the WFD classification, can depend markedly on when in the cycle the sample was taken. Specifying this in the sampling regime would be a straightforward way to improve precision, but there needs to be agreement about how best to characterise risk in different types of river. These results suggest that in some cases it will be difficult to assign accurate WFD chemical classes or to detect likely trends using current sampling regimes, even for these largely groundwater-fed rivers. A more critical approach to sampling is needed to ensure that management actions are appropriate and supported by data.

scholarly journals The Rybinsk Reservoir Water Quality: the Dissolved Oxygen Regime.

2016 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Rybinsk Reservoir ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Dissolve Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
The Rybinsk Reservoir

This study was undertaken to investigate the dissolved oxygen content and saturation percentage in surface and near-bottom water of the Rybinsk Reservoir in 2011-2015 with Winkler method. Seasonal and annual variations of the oxygen concentrations in the water body were identified. It was found that in summer time shallower water in the Main part was seldom subjected to oxygen stratification and if stratification occurred it ass less expressed than in deeper parts of the reservoir. Comparison of the new data on the dissolve oxygen concentration with the previously obtained data was made. Over the past years, there have not been any significant changes in the reservoir oxygen regime. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the reservoir seldom reached full saturation of the studied period. On average, aquatic organisms in the water body have enough dissolved oxygen. However, sometimes its concentration in nearbottom layers drops to critically low levels, threatening aquatic life.

Modeling the depletion of dissolved oxygen in a water body located near a city

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Venturino ◽  
P.K. Tiwari ◽  
A.K. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Body
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