scholarly journals Las pestilentes “mansiones de la muerte”. Los cementerios de la ciudad de México 1870-1890

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Sonia Alcaraz Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premier Lieu ◽  
Porfirio Diaz ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Xixth Century ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

Para el gobierno de Porfirio Díaz y Manuel González (1876-1911), la propagación de una epidemia en la capital se vislumbraba no sólo como un problema de salud pública sino, además, como una amenaza a los intereses políticos, económicos y sociales de la nación. A finales del siglo XIX, la insalubridad de los cementerios de la ciudad de México provocaba una consternación general que se refleja en los escritos de todos los observadores. En primer lugar, los escritores y cronistas hacen un balance del estado de los cementerios de la ciudad; por su parte, los médicos e higienistas proponen soluciones prácticas para que los cementerios se transformen en ámbitos saludables. Finalmente, las autoridades sanitarias de la ciudad toman el relevo e imponen medidas de higiene pública en materia funeraria entre los años 1870 y los años 1890.Abstract: For the government of Porfirio Diaz and Manuel González (1876-1911), the spreading of a major epidemic over the city was considered not only as a public health problem but also as a threat to the nation’s political, economic and social interests. At the end of the XIXth Century, the unhealthy conditions of the cemeteries of Mexico city was a matter of a great concern among different social observers. Writers and chroniclers criticize the cemeteries conditions in that period. For their part, physicians and hygienists propose practical solutions to transform the cemeteries into healthy ambiances. Finally, the sanitary authorities impose measurements of public hygiene in funeral matters in the years 1870-1890.Résumé : Pour le gouvernement de Porfirio Díaz et Manuel González (1876-1911), la diffusion d’une épidémie dans la capitale était considérée tant comme un problème de santé publique que comme une menace à l’encontre des intérêts politiques, économiques et sociaux de la nation. À la fin du XIXe siècle, l’insalubrité des cimetières de la ville de Mexico provoqua une consternation générale qui se reflète sous la plume de tous les observateurs. En premier lieu, écrivains et chroniqueurs font l’état des lieux des cimetières de la ville. Médecins et hygiénistes pour leur part proposent des solutions pratiques pour faire en sorte que les cimetières deviennent des espaces salutaires. Enfin, les autorités sanitaires de la ville prennent le relais, imposent des mesures d’hygiène publique en matière funéraire dans les années 1870-1890.

Capital californiano, necesidad presupuestal y cambio político: Juan Temple y el arrendamiento de la Casa de Moneda de México, 1827–1857

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-351
Author(s):  
Omar Velasco Herrera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Government

Durante la primera mitad del siglo xix, las necesidades presupuestales del erario mexicano obligaron al gobierno a recurrir al endeudamiento y al arrendamiento de algunas de las casas de moneda más importantes del país. Este artículo examina las condiciones políticas y económicas que hicieron posible el relevo del capital británico por el estadounidense—en estricto sentido, californiano—como arrendatario de la Casa de Moneda de México en 1857. Asimismo, explora el desarrollo empresarial de Juan Temple para explicar la coyuntura política que hizo posible su llegada, y la de sus descendientes, a la administración de la ceca de la capital mexicana. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the budgetary needs of the Mexican treasury forced the government to resort to borrowing and leasing some of the most important mints in the country. This article examines the political and economic conditions that allowed for the replacement of British capital by United States capital—specifically, Californian—as the lessee of the Mexican National Mint in 1857. It also explores the development of Juan Temple’s entrepreneurship to explain the political circumstances that facilitated his admission, and that of his descendants, into the administration of the National Mint in Mexico City.

scholarly journals CDMX Resilient Code: Water Commons in Mexico City

ZARCH ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 138-153
Author(s):  
Lorena Bello Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strategic Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Using Mexico City (CDMX) as a paradigmatic example of seriously unbalanced water regimes, our project Resilient Code helps strengthen and communicate CDMX’s government efforts toward risk reduction and water resilience in marginal communities. Our project does so by bridging otherwise separate agents in the government towards a common goal: equitable resilience. Resilient Code provides design solutions that link the social infrastructure of PILARES (a network of 300 vocational schools distributed throughout the city) to CDMX’s environmental and risk reduction initiatives, including their Risk Atlas. This strategic program of design-based solutions began with “water resilience” as a Pilot to repurpose public space throughout underserviced barrios as a network of “water-commons”. Resilient Code helps partners in CDMX implement projects to reduce environmental risks and complement socio-economic programs, fostering growth of the “water-commons”. Resilient Code is socialized through a participatory game-based workshop, and through an online Atlas of Risk Reduction.

scholarly journals PEMAKNAAN SIMBOL REOG PONOROGO DALAM TRADISI JAWA: SEBUAH KAJIAN KRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Dhika Yuan Yurisma ◽  
Muhammad Bahruddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews

ABSTRACT This research attempts to dismantle the meaning in the Ponogogo Reog symbol by using Javanese tradition studies, both in asthabrata teachings and Javanese cosmogony: keblat papat kelimo pancer. This research is important because not many people understand the meaning contained in the Reog symbols. On the other hand, the Reog symbols are now being reduced by the interests of commercialism so as to eliminate the valuable values in them. This can be seen in the use of Reog symbols which are used as a citybranding media in the city of Ponorogo and performances that come out of the standards Reog tradition. Reog's art has turned into a commodity that is traded to the market. This study uses qualitative methods using a critical paradigm. A paradigm that assesses social reality is not a neutral reality, but is deliberately shaped by and for political, economic, and social interests that are dominated by dominant groups in society by collecting data through observation and in-depth interviews with experts in the field of Javanese culture, specifically about Reog to obtain the meaning of the Reog Ponorogo symbol from Javanese tradition. The results of this study describe the meaning in the Reog symbol and see the development of traditional Javanese art is reduced by market interests. The symbols in Reog Ponorogo have meanings related to lust that exists in humans. Symbolization in Reog's art forms valuable meanings and values in society. in general, Reog Ponorogo is a show that can provide guidance in living life for those who see it or understand it deeply. Reog is no longer an art and culture that requires special rituals in every performance but is commodified into a commercial merchandise. At this stage, Reog's products are adjusted to market demands with market standards as well. Products related to Reog are then mass-produced and even made replicas that resemble Reog. Keywords: Reog, Ponorogo, Symbols, Meanings, Cultural Values, Commodities ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berusaha membongkar makna dalam simbol Reog Ponorogo dengan menggunakan kajian tradisi Jawa, baik dalam ajaran asthabrata maupun kosmogoni Jawa: keblat papat kelimo pancer.Penelitian in penting karena tidak banyak masyarakat memahami makna yang terkandung dalam simbol-simbol Reog. Di sisi lain, simbol-simbol Reog saat ini mulai direduksi oleh kepentingan komersialisme sehingga menghilangkan nilainilai adiluhung di dalamnya.Hal ini tampak dalam penggunaan simbol-simbol Reog yang digunakan sebagai media citybranding kota Ponorogo maupun pertunjukan-pertunjukan yang keluar dari pakem-pakem tradisi Reog. Seni Reog berubah menjadi sebuah komoditas yang diperdagangkan ke pasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan paradigma kritis. Sebuah paradigma yang menilai realitas sosial bukan sebagai sebuah realitas yang netral, melainkan sengaja dibentuk oleh dan untuk kepentingan politik, ekonomi, dan sosial yang dikuasai oleh kelompok-kelompok yang dominan dalam masyarakat dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam kepada ahli bidang kebudayaan Jawa, khususnya tentang Reog untuk memperoleh makna-makna simbol Reog Ponorogo dari tradisi Jawa. Hasil dari penelitian ini mendiskripsikan makna dalam simbol Reog sekaligus melihat perkembangan seni tradisional Jawa ini tereduksi oleh kepentingan pasar. Simbol-simbol dalam Reog Ponorogo memiliki makna terkait dengan nafsu yang ada dalam diri manusia. Simbolisasi dalam kesenian Reog membentuk makna-makna dan nilai-nilai adiluhung di masyarakat. secara umum, Reog Ponorogo merupakan sebuah pertunjukan yang bisa memberikan tuntunan dalam menjalani kehidupan bagi yang melihatnya atau mengerti secara mendalam. Reog bukan lagi sebuah seni budaya yang memerlukan ritual khusus dalam setiap pertunjukan melainkan dikomodifikasi menjadi sebuah barang dagangan yang dikomersialkan. Pada tahapan ini, produk Reog disesuaikan dengan permintaan pasar dengan standar-standar pasar pula. Produk-produk yang berkaitan dengan Reog kemudian diproduksi secara massal bahkan dibuat replika-replika yang menyerupai Reog. Kata Kunci: Reog, Ponorogo, Simbol, Makna, Nilai Budaya, Komoditas

scholarly journals Filantropía secular. La ayuda interesada de los fundadores del Asilo de Mendigos en la Ciudad de México, 1879-1902.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Lorenzo Río
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Social Question ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

En este artículo exploramos las “buenas intenciones” de un grupo de filántropos, empresarios liberales, seculares y reformistas que, con el argumento de impulsar la modernización urbana, propusieron desplazar a los limosneros de las calles centrales de la Ciudad de México para contenerlos en el Asilo Particular para Mendigos, fundado en 1879 y ubicado en la periferia urbana. Si bien las obras de la filantropía suelen estudiarse como formas de financiamiento del arte y la cultura o bien como respuesta para la educación y la higiene de los pobres, en este artículo nos centramos en el interés de los filántropos por fomentar el comercio y el ordenamiento urbano, a través de un proyecto asistencial. Asimismo, proponemos una definición acotada de la filantropía secular y sus características que pueden estudiarse a partir del caso específico del Asilo Particular de Mendigos y de las prácticas filantrópicas que le dieron sentido al interés público a finales del siglo XIX. Para sustentar este trabajo consultamos los informes de la Junta de Beneficencia Pública y los informes de las Actas del Consejo del Asilo, prensa periódica y otras fuentes, destacamos de éstas un documento peculiar sobre un estudio de las rutas que los mendigos recorrieron por la ciudad y que le dieron el sustento razonado a esta forma de filantropía en la Ciudad de México. Modern philanthropy used public interest as an argument for intervention in “social question”. The critical point of this text argue how "disinterested" were the "good intentions" of a group of philanthropists, liberals, secularists and reformists who, under the argument of urban modernization, sought to displace beggars from the streets to contain them in the Asilo Particular para Mendigos, founded in Mexico City in 1879. We show the social composition of the founding group and the many meanings on their social actions. We explore a peculiar research elaborated on the routes the beggars traveled through the city, that gave the reasoned support to the foundation. Using the “well-intentioned” argument of helping the poor, philanthropists exerted their influence on urban planning provisions, in addition to mitigating social tensions.

Saintly Biography and the Cult of San Felipe de Jesús in Mexico City, 1597-1697

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Conover
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
City Center ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
The City

By the late seventeenth century, the cult of San Felipe de Jesús (ca. 1572-97), native of Mexico City and martyr in Japan, had taken a stable form in Mexico City, where he was born. Each year on February 5, the dignitaries of the viceregal capital gathered for a procession through the city center and a liturgical ceremony in the cathedral to praise the saint and his city, but for the rest of the year, residents largely ignored him. A multitude of social interests had led to this less-than-wholehearted embrace, among them rivalry between religious orders, civic self-promotion, and religious beliefs.

Conspicuous Benevolence: Liberalism, Public Welfare, and Private Charity in Porfirian Mexico City, 1877-1910

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann S. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Porfirio Diaz ◽  
Private Charity ◽  
Federal Jurisdiction ◽  
The Government

“If the charity that one practices for adults honors and gratifies, that which one engages in for children redeems and glorifies,” wrote Juan de Dios Peza, poet and playwright, in his journalistic chronicle of public welfare under the government of Porfirio Díaz. Peza elaborated: “If charity is beautiful when exercised in favor of adults, it is a divine reflection, a smile of God, when given to children.” Peza's imagery evoked religious charity of the colonial era, when giving alms and pious bequests earned the salvation of the donor. But Peza wrote in 1881 to celebrate the achievements of General Porfirio Díaz's first presidential term in the realm of public welfare, principally bringing welfare administration under federal jurisdiction.

Saintly Biography and the Cult of San Felipe de Jesús in Mexico City, 1597-1697

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (04) ◽  
pp. 441-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Conover
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
City Center ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
The City

By the late seventeenth century, the cult of San Felipe de Jesús (ca. 1572-97), native of Mexico City and martyr in Japan, had taken a stable form in Mexico City, where he was born. Each year on February 5, the dignitaries of the viceregal capital gathered for a procession through the city center and a liturgical ceremony in the cathedral to praise the saint and his city, but for the rest of the year, residents largely ignored him. A multitude of social interests had led to this less-than-wholehearted embrace, among them rivalry between religious orders, civic self-promotion, and religious beliefs.

scholarly journals Reseña de la Jornada de Discusión sobre la Reforma Política del Distrito Federal / Review of the Discussion Day on the Political Reform of the Federal District, Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Diego Franco ◽  
Martha Schteingart ◽  
Vicente Ugalde
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

El 14 de noviembre de 2014 el Centro de Estudios Demográficos, Urbanos y Ambientales de El Colegio de México llevó a cabo una jornada de discusión en la que fue tratada la denominada Reforma Política del Distrito Federal. El propósito del encuentro fue escuchar a especialistas en temas relacionados con la actividad política, económica y social de la ciudad para conocer y analizar la reforma que actualmente está en proceso legislativo en el Senado de la República. Nos interesaba escuchar las opiniones de los expertos sobre las implicaciones de la reforma en aspectos como el estatus político y constitucional de la que será denominada “Ciudad de México”, los derechos y obligaciones de sus habitantes (de los ciudadanos, de los vecinos…), en aspectos como los presupuestales y financieros, la participación ciudadana, y la desigualdad social y la pobreza, entre otros. Algunas de las interrogantes que animaron la realización de esta jornada de discusión fueron respecto a qué ventajas supone el cambio de nombre de Distrito Federal a Ciudad de México; qué implicaciones concretas tiene darle una definición jurídica a la Ciudad de México; sobre si la añeja reivindicación de los “derechos plenos” se verá satisfecha con la Reforma, es decir si esos cambios propiciarán una ciudad más justa, más competitiva, más moderna y más democrática; en fin, si la convertirán en un lugar en donde el disfrute de derechos y libertades sea más accesible. La jornada comprendió dos mesas redondas: en la primera la Reforma se discutió desde una perspectiva política e institucional, mientras que en la segunda el énfasis se puso en aspectos sociales y económicos. En las siguientes páginas se presenta una versión resumida, pero apegada a las intervenciones de los participantes.Abstract:On November 14, 2014, the Center for Demographic, Urban and Environmental Studies at El Colegio de México organized a discussion day to address the Federal District Political Reform. The purpose of the meeting was to listen to experts on issues related to the political, economic and social activity of the city to learn about and discuss the reform currently under legislation in the Senate. We were interested in hearing the views of experts on the implications of the reform in areas such as the political and constitutional status of what will be called “Mexico City”, the rights and obligations of its inhabitants (citizens, residents...) in areas such as budgetary and financial aspects, citizen participation, social inequality and poverty, and so on. Some of the questions that led to the organization of this discussion day were the advantages of renaming the Federal District as Mexico City; the practical implications of providing a legal definition for Mexico; and whether the longstanding demand for “full rights” will be met through the reform, in other words, whether these changes will lead to a fairer, more competitive, more modern and more democratic city; in short, whether they will make it a place where the enjoyment of rights and freedoms is more accessible.  The event comprised two panel discussions: in the first, the reform was discussed from a political and institutional perspective; whereas in the second, emphasis was placed on social and economic aspects. Below is a condensed yet faithful version of the partici­pants’ interventions.

scholarly journals Surveillance of a Pest Through a Public Health Information System: The Case of the Blackfly (Simulium erythrocephalum) in Zaragoza (Spain) during 2009–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3734
Author(s):  
Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo ◽  
José A. Oteo ◽  
Javier Lucientes ◽  
Ana Muniesa ◽  
Ignacio de Blas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Public Health Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Insect Bites ◽  
The City

Background: Animals and people in many Spanish regions are increasingly being affected by blackfly bites in the last decade. Because of blackflies, the city of Zaragoza has become in recent years a paradigm of discomfort in Europe, with thousands of citizens affected. The OMI-AP system (Stacks, Barcelona, Spain) implemented by the Government of Aragón, a software that manages the electronic medical history of all patients, has been evaluated in order to document the increase of insect bite recorded by the primary care consultations in Zaragoza after the first outbreak of blackflies occurred in 2011. Methods: An observational, ecological and longitudinal study of insect bites recorded at the primary care consultations was carried out in primary care during the period 2009–2015. Results: The incidence of medical consultations by insect bites in Basic Health Areas (BHA) near to rivers is higher than the furthest BHA. Rural BHA are more affected by insect bites than the urban ones. The increase of medical assistance due to insect bites in Zaragoza since 2011 is correlated with the blackflies bites. Conclusions: This tool was very useful to describe the initial stage of this public health problem. It could be used for guiding public health responses in terms of surveillance and management of this pest.

scholarly journals Mortalidad de niños y sífilis congénita en la Ciudad de México en 1915 / Child Mortality and Congenital Syphilis in Mexico City in 1915

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Lourdes Márquez Morfín ◽  
María Viridiana Sosa Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The 19Th Century

En el presente estudio nos enfocamos en la estimación de la mortalidad infantil y el análisis sobre la causa de muerte relacionada con la sífilis congénita en la Ciudad de México en 1915. Las fuentes de información utilizadas son las estadísticas vitales de defunciones para ese año, que contienen información por edad, sexo y causa de muerte. Por otro lado, con el fin de corroborar la presencia de la sífilis congénita desde siglos atrás, describimos los resultados del análisis osteopatológico de una serie de 199 esqueletos de niños de diversas edades, incluyendo fetos, rescatados durante las excavaciones arqueológicas del convento de Santa Isabel, en la Ciudad de México, que revelan la presencia de este padecimiento en la población en el siglo xix. Estas dos fuentes de información contribuyen al estudio de la mortalidad infantil y de niños en dos momentos (siglo xix e inicios del xx) y brindan información sobre la frecuencia por edad y sexo. En específico nos interesa el caso de la sífilis congénita como causa de muerte registrada por los médicos, pues nos ha permitido identificar esta enfermedad como un problema común de salud pública. Los resultados revelan una alta mortalidad por dicha causa en el primer año de vida y hasta los cinco años, y diferenciales por sexo y edad. AbstractIn this study, we focus on the estimation of infant mortality and the analysis of the cause of death related to congenital syphilis in Mexico City in 1915. The sources of information used are the vital statistics of deaths for that year, which contain information by age, sex and cause of death. At the same time, in order to corroborate the presence of congenital syphilis centuries ago, we describe the results of the osteopathological analysis of a series of 199 skeletons of children of various ages, including fetuses, recovered during the archaeological excavations of the Convent of Santa Isabel in Mexico City, which reveal the presence of this disease in the population in the 19th century. These two sources of information contribute to the study of infant mortality and children at two moments (19th and early 20th century) and provide information on frequency by age and sex. In particular, we are interested in the case of congenital syphilis as a cause of death recorded by doctors, since it has allowed us to identify this disease as a common public health problem. The results reveal a high mortality from this cause during the first year of life and up to the age of five, with differences by sex and age.

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