Vitamin D in periodontology

Generalized periodontitis is one of the most common dental diseases that can lead to tooth mobility and tooth loss. Plaque is main etiological factor, but periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. There are data on the effect of vitamin D levels on generalized periodontitis. Vitamin D has a pleiotropic effect by affecting various links in the pathogenesis of generalized periodontitis. Stimulating the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, vitamin D increases local immunity and adversely affects periodontal pathogens; modulating the immune system, it affects inflammation in periodontal tissues and the immune response; increasing the absorption of calcium and reducing the release of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D stimulates bone mineralization. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency worldwide indicates the relevance of studying its effects on the human body in general and the oral cavity in particular.

Download Full-text

The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Iran: A Literature Review

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401316666200123100453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1015-1027

Author(s):

Mohammad Bagherniya ◽

Zahra Khorasanchi ◽

Mina S. Bidokhti ◽

Gordon A. Ferns ◽

Mitra Rezaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Literature Review ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common medical condition worldwide. In Iran, it has been reported that between 30-90% of people have vitamin D deficiency. However, its distribution in different parts of the country and among different age and regional groups is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the recent literature on vitamin D deficiency in Iran. Methods: The literature review was performed using Web of Science, PubMed-Medline, Scopus and Scientific Information Database (SID) with a cut-off date of November 2016 to identify articles on vitamin D status in Iran published in the last 10 years. Studies in English and Persian that reported vitamin D levels in male and female subjects of all age groups and in healthy populations were included. Results: From 325 studies that were initially retrieved, 82 articles met the inclusion criteria. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was reported, and in some regions, this was reported as >90% and was found in all age groups and in all regions of Iran. Conclusion: This review highlights the very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran. It will be important to recognize the importance of vitamin D deficiency as a major public health problem in Iran.

Download Full-text

Cross-sectional study reveals a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy school children in central Kerala, India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190745 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 867

Author(s):

Ayyappan Anitha ◽

Suresh A. Poovathinal ◽

Vijitha Viswambharan ◽

Ismail Thanseem ◽

Mahesh M. Vasu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

School Children ◽

Skin Color ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence

Background: Authors examined serum vitamin D status among the healthy school children belonging to the south Indian state of Kerala.Methods: A cross-sectional study, participants were recruited through medical camps organized in Thrissur and Palakkad districts of central Kerala during the months of March and April 2017. A 174 healthy school children (98 males and 76 females) aged 5-13 years were recruited for the study. The children were found to be healthy on the basis of physical examination by a Paediatrician. None of the children had any symptoms of skeletal deformities. All the children were drug-naive. Data on height, weight, skin color, food habits, physical activities and socio-economic status were recorded. A 2ml of peripheral blood samples were collected from the participants. Total vitamin D in the serum was estimated by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA).Results: VDD was observed in 60.92% and insufficiency in 30.46% of the participants. Only 8.62% of the participants had normal vitamin D levels. The mean vitamin D level was 19.93 ng/ml. Males had significantly higher vitamin D levels compared to females. Factors such as age, height, weight, diet, skin color and socio-economic status did not influence vitamin D levels.Conclusions: This is the first study of vitamin D status among the school-age children of Kerala. This paper adds further evidence to the reports indicating high prevalence of subclinical VDD among children across India and calls for action.

Download Full-text

Influence of serum vitamin D status on severe sarcopenia among female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the KURAMA database

10.21203/rs.3.rs-697981/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroto Minamino ◽

Masao Katsushima ◽

Mie Torii ◽

Wataru Yamamoto ◽

Yoshihito Fujita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract Sarcopenia is an age-related disease with an increased risk of mortality. It is emerging that low serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) affects the sarcopenic state in general, but in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), these associations are not understood although the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high in RA. We conducted a cross-sectional study of older female outpatients from our cohort (KURAMA) database. We measured skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and gait-speed to diagnose severe sarcopenia. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A total of 156 Patients (sarcopenia:44.9%, severe sarcopenia: 29.5%, and without sarcopenia: 25.6%) were enrolled. Classification of vitamin D status at a cutoff point of median 25(OH)D concentration revealed that low 25(OH)D status was associated with a high prevalence of severe sarcopenia and with low measured values of muscle mass, handgrip, and gait-speed. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis identified that low 25(OH)D status was associated with a high prevalence of severe sarcopenia (OR 6.00; 95% CI 1.99–18.08). In components of sarcopenia, both low physical performance and muscle mass were associated with low 25(OH) status. In conclusion, vitamin D levels are associated with severe sarcopenia and its components, and modification of vitamin D status including vitamin D supplementation may play a role in improving sarcopenia in RA.

Download Full-text

Research of Vitamin D Levels Between the Tuberculosis Infected and Non – Infected Subjects in 16-25 Years of Age

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1125.0782s319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2S3) ◽

pp. 677-680

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Low Income ◽

Income Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Large Size ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Questionnaire Method ◽

Method Analysis

Aim – To compare vitamin D levels between Tb infected and non-infected subjects in 16-25 years of age. Methods – Tb patients (16-25 years) from low income group were identified from the DOT centres in Pitampura, subjects were interviewed through questionnaire method, analysis of vitamin D content of identified patients and non infected subjects were done and finally assessment of relationship between vitamin D and non infected subjects. Results- The population included 30 patients infected with Tb and 30 subjects who are non-infected, which have been tested for vitamin D. When results were compared with healthy control group it was found that vitamin D was relatively low i.e. p- <0.001.There is a high prevalence of VDD in this population. Conclusion- vitamin D deficiency is positively and significantly co related with Tb. In the present study, general population itself established to be extremely deficient in Vitamin D. Hence; this is very difficult to delineate relation within VITAMIN D and TB. In future, a multicentre study with a large size of sample needs to be carried out to elicit a relation within vitamin D status and TB.

Download Full-text

Severe hypovitaminosis D in pregnant refugees arriving in Europe: neonatal outcomes and importance of prenatal intervention

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-21-0412 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Liori ◽

Damaskini Polychroni ◽

Georgios K Markantes ◽

Maria Stamou ◽

Sarantis Livadas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Neonatal Health ◽

Host Countries ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Prenatal Intervention

Adequate vitamin D levels are particularly important in pregnant women for both the maternal and neonatal health. Prior studies have shown a significantly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among refugees. However, no study has addressed the prevalence of VDD in pregnant refugees and its effects on neonatal health. In this study, we examined the prevalence of VDD in refugee pregnant women living in Greece and compared our results with Greek pregnant inhabitants. Vitamin D deficiency was frequent in both groups but was significantly more common in refugees (92.2% vs 67.3% of Greek women, p=0.003) with 70.6% of refugees having severe hypovitaminosis D (<10 ng/ml). As a result, most newborns had Vitamin D deficiency, which affected refugee newborns to a greater extent. Our results suggest a need to screen newcomer children and pregnant women for vitamin D deficiency in all host countries around the world. Such a screen will appropriately guide early and effective interventions with the goal to prevent adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in antenatal women

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192421 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 2302

Author(s):

Anu Bala Chandel ◽

Rita Mittal ◽

Anoop Sharma ◽

Shivika Mittal ◽

Poonam Samyal

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Lung Development ◽

Immune Modulation ◽

Preterm Labour ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Sufficient Vitamin ◽

The Relationship

Background: Vitamin D has an increasingly recognised repertoire of non-classical actions, such as promoting insulin action and secretion, immune modulation and lung development. It therefore has the potential to influence many factors in the developing fetus. Several studies reported the relationship between maternal vitamin D deficiency and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm labour, low birth weight and increased rate of caesarean section. The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in antenatal women of Shimla, India.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamla Nehru Hospital, Shimla, India over a period of 12 months. Six hundred women were included in the study.Results: Out of 600 subjects, 568 (94.67%) subjects had vitamin D deficiency and only 32 (5.33%) subjects had sufficient vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was more common in the vegetarians, dark skinned subjects and in those who were taking vitamin D supplements.Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that there is high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in antenatal women of Shimla, India.

Download Full-text

Is hypovitaminosis D associated with fibromyalgia? A systematic review

Nutrition Reviews ◽

10.1093/nutrit/nuz033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 115-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yandara A Martins ◽

Camila A E F Cardinali ◽

Maria Ida Ravanelli ◽

Kellen Brunaldi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Small Samples ◽

Study Selection ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Diagnosis Criteria

Abstract Context Recent findings have suggested a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in fibromyalgia (FM) patients despite the lack of clinical and pathophysiological evidence. Objective A systematic review was conducted to examine the association between vitamin D status and FM, including the effect of vitamin D supplementation. Data source PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, SciELO, Cochrane, and EMBASE were searched, from January 2000 to July 2018, using the descriptors “Fibromyalgia” and “Vitamin D.” Study selection Trials including FM patients in whom vitamin D levels were assessed were eligible for inclusion. Data extraction Data comprised age, gender, country, aims, bias, diagnosis criteria, cutoff point, and status of vitamin D, together with FM symptoms and vitamin D supplementation protocol. Results A total of 26 articles were selected. Most of the studies were found to present unreliable control groups and small samples. Experimental data on vitamin D supplementation indicated improvement in certain FM symptoms. Conclusion Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the FM population and the cause-effect relationship were inconclusive. Nevertheless, vitamin D supplementation may be considered as a co-adjuvant in FM therapy.

Download Full-text

The calcium and vitamin D controversy

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease ◽

10.1177/1759720x16685547 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 107-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Bo Abrahamsen

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Research Effort ◽

Limited Information ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Public Health Message ◽

Current Research Effort ◽

Calcium Status

Areas of the world where vitamin D levels are low for months of the year and intakes of calcium are high have a high prevalence of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. This suggests a public health message of avoiding calcium supplements and increasing vitamin D intake. No message could be more welcome as vitamin D can be given as a bolus while calcium must be taken daily and may be poorly tolerated. This approach is based on no evidence from intervention studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that vitamin D given with calcium elicits a small reduction in fracture risk and deaths. This has not been demonstrated for D given alone. The cardiovascular safety of calcium and vitamin D (CaD) supplements is difficult to ascertain due to weaknesses in RCT designs and adjudication that cannot be remedied by subanalysis. Moreover, no major new RCTs are in process to provide better evidence. It remains unclear that calcium from dietary sources has health advantages over supplements. Benefits may be confined to patients with poor nutritional intake and the small effects at societal levels may be derived from large effects in a small number of patients. This has been impossible to confirm given the limited information about baseline vitamin D and calcium status at entry into trials. Future intervention studies should carefully capture baseline characteristics as these may determine the strength of the response, and make more efficient use of randomization strategies allowing subsequent disassembly or subanalyses while maintaining balancing. Though large clinical RCTs currently evaluate the effects of higher vitamin D doses (equivalent to 50–83 µg/d) there is no current research effort regarding the calcium controversy. In the absence of such studies it is not possible to provide clinicians with evidence-based recommendations regarding the best use of CaD supplementation.

Download Full-text

High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in school children in Jammu: a whistle blower

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1524

Author(s):

Harleen Kaur ◽

Amarjeet Singh Bhatia

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

School Children ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Jammu And Kashmir ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Good Nutrition

Background: Vitamin D deficiency prevails in epidemic proportions among school going children in India, but there is scarcity of searchable data on vitamin D status in school children in Jammu and Kashmir; hence we have assessed the vitamin D status in school going children attending outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital Jammu.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry Government Medical College Jammu during June to December, 2018 and after obtaining informed consent, a total of 104 school going children between the age group of 6 years to 12 years, attending SMGS Hospital Jammu were screened for their vitamin D (25 OH-D) status by using Abbott architect chemiluminescent micro particle immunoassay.Results: Out of a total of 104 school going children screened in the study, 91 (87.5%) were found to be having insufficient vitamin D levels in their blood (<30ngm/dl) whereas 63 (60.5%) children showed severe deficiency with vitamin D levels below 20ngm/dl.Conclusions: Despite of abundant sunshine throughout the year and also with the consideration that people of this region are well off economically and can afford good nutrition, the results of our study revealing high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in school going children can be taken as a whistle blower for the health policy makers of the region.

Download Full-text

A study on vitamin D status among orthopaedic patients

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20200036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 286

Author(s):

Srinivasalu Santhanagopal ◽

Matthew Sebastian ◽

Madan Mohan Muniswamy ◽

Anoop Pilar

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Indian Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Orthopaedic Patients ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Calcium Phosphorus

Background: There is an alarmingly high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in orthopaedic patients, regardless of whether or not, they require surgical intervention. Vitamin D plays an essential role in bone formation, maintenance, and remodelling, as well as muscle function and deficiency could affect adversely in multiple ways. Many reports recently demonstrated high rates of vitamin D deficiency, in numerous segments of Indian population, but there is no study reported so far from India, which focuses specifically on vitamin D status in orthopaedic patients.Methods: It is a descriptive study to estimate vitamin D levels in patients scheduled to undergo orthopaedic surgery. Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in 310 patients, who were admitted at our institution, from December 2015 to August 2017 were measured.Results: Out of 310 patients included in our study, 189 (61%) were males and 121 (39%) females. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was present in 232 patients, insufficiency (<30 ng/ml) was present in 63 patients and only 15 patients had desirable levels (>30 ng/ml). Patients younger than 60 years and males had more prevalence of Vitamin D abnormality. 168 (72.4%) of the patients, with deficiency presented in winter, compared to 64 (27.6%) in summer.Conclusions: Statistically significant vitamin D deficiency was seen during winter months, in patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty, and in patients admitted for degenerative disease of the spine, hip and knee. Screening and treating hypovitaminosis D appears to be important in orthopaedic patients as vitamin D deficiency is prevalent across all age groups in the population studied.

Download Full-text