scholarly journals Preliminary Study: Kinetics of Oil Extraction from Sandalwood by Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Septya Kusuma ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Initial Extraction

Sandalwood and its oil, is one of the oldest known perfume materials and has a long history (more than 4000 years) of use as mentioned in Sanskrit manuscripts. Sandalwood oil plays an important role as an export commodity in many countries and its widely used in the food, perfumery and pharmaceuticals industries. The aim of this study is to know and verify the kinetics and mechanism of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of sandalwood based on a second-order model. In this study, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation is used to extract essential oils from sandalwood. The extraction was carried out in ten extraction cycles of 15 min to 2.5 hours. The initial extraction rate, the extraction capacity and the second-order extraction rate constant were calculated using the model. Kinetics of oil extraction from sandalwood by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation proved that the extraction process was based on the second-order extraction model as the experimentally done in three different steps. The initial extraction rate, h, was 0.0232 g L-1 min-1, the extraction capacity, CS, was 0.6015 g L-1, the second-order extraction rate constant, k, was 0.0642 L g-1 min-1 and coefficient of determination, R2, was 0.9597.

scholarly journals Central Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Tan Phat Dao ◽  
Thanh Viet Nguyen ◽  
Thi Yen Nhi Tran ◽  
Xuan Tien Le ◽  
Ton Nu Thuy An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Pomelo Peel

Pomelo peel-derived essential oils have been gaining popularity due to greater demand for stress relief therapy or hair care therapy. In this study, we first performed optimization of parameters in the pomelo essential oil extraction process on a pilot scale to gain better insights for application in larger scale production. Then extraction kinetics, activation energy, thermodynamics, and essential oil quality during the extraction process were investigated during the steam distillation process. Three experimental conditions including material mass, steam flow rate, and extraction time were taken into consideration in response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. The optimal conditions were found as follows: sample weight of 422 g for one distillation batch, steam flow rate of 2.16 mL/min and extraction time of 106 min with the coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9812. The nonlinear kinetics demonstrated the compatibility of the kinetic model with simultaneous washing and unhindered diffusion with a washing rate constant of 0.1515 min−1 and a diffusion rate constant of 0.0236 min−1. The activation energy of the washing and diffusion process was 167.43 kJ.mol−1 and 96.25 kJ.mol−1, respectively. The thermodynamic value obtained at the ΔG° value was −35.02 kJ.mol−1. The quality of pomelo peel essential oil obtained by steam distillation was characterized by its high limonene content (96.996%), determined by GC-MS.

scholarly journals Kinetics of scandium recovery by TVEX-TBP from the solution formed after the salt chlorinator cake leaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 00050
Author(s):  
Vadym Korovin ◽  
Yurii Pohorielov ◽  
Yurii Shestak ◽  
Oleksandr Valiaiev ◽  
Jose Luis Cortina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Elovich Equation ◽  
Diffusion Phase ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of scandium recovery by TVEX containing tributyl phosphate was studied from the clarified leaching solution of salt chlorinator cake. To assess the contribution of each diffusion phase, experimental data were analyzed using a graphic method. To define the contribution of chemical interaction into the scandium extraction process, recovery kinetics was quantitatively described using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order kinetic models and Elovich equation in linearized form. It was established that recovery kinetics was most accurately described with the pseudo-second-order model.

INTERACTION OF PLASMIN WITH ALPHA-2 MACROGLOBULIN (α2 M): EFFECT OF ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Steiner ◽  
D Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Kinetic Constants ◽  
Association Rate ◽  
Antifibrinolytic Agents ◽  
Nonspecific Proteolysis ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Plasmin Inhibitor

Harpel (Harpel, P.C. (1981) J. Clin. Invest 68, 46-55) reported that levels of α2M-plasmin complexes are elevated in patients receiving urokinase. He found that the distribution of plasmin between the two inhibitors, α2M and α2-plasmin inhibitor (α2PI) is dependent upon whether plasmin is added directly to plasma, or whether plasminogen in plasma is activated to plasmin by urokinase. In order to investigate possible mechanisms regulating the distribution of plasmin between these two inhibitors, a study was initiated to examine the effects of antifibrinolytic agents on the reaction of plasmin with α2M. The kinetics of the reaction were measured by monitoring conformational changes in the inhibitor resulting from exomplex formation. In order to minimize nonspecific proteolysis of the inhibitor by plasmin, the reaction was performed under conditions where the concentration of α2M was greater than that of the enzyme. The reaction between Lys77-plasmin and α2M followed second order kinetics with a rate constant of 1.8 X 105M-1 s-1. This rate was not affected 1 mM EACA or by 10 uM histidine rich glycoprotein (HRG). Further, it was found that the rate of Val442-plasmin was essentially the same as that found for Lys77-plasmin. Therefore, the binding of these ligands to the lysine binding sites of plasmin do not affect the association rate between plasmin and α2M. This is in contrast to the reaction of plasmin with α2-PI, where the binding of ligands to the lysine binding sites of plasmin reduce the rate of the reaction (Petersen & Clerrmensen (1981) Biochem. J. 199, 121-127). The kinetic constants measured predict that under conditions when the lysine binding sites of plasmin are occupied, α2M will effectively compete with α2PI in inhibiting plasmin. Further, these studies inplicate HRG as a molecule capable of regulating the distribution of plasmin between these two inhibitors.

Optimizing the Pomelo Oils Extraction Process by Microwave-Assisted Hydro-Distillation Using Soft Computing Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thien Hien ◽  
Nguyen Phu Thuong Nhan ◽  
Nguyen Duy Trinh ◽  
Van Thi Thanh Ho ◽  
Long Giang Bach
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Soft Computing ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Number Of Factors

Pomelo (Citrus grandis .Linn Osbeck) oils is becoming more and more popular for everyone because it has great benefits. However, the efficiency of essential oil extraction process depends on the method and is influenced by a number of factors. Microwave-assisted hydro-distillation and Response Surface Methodology are selected for extracting and optimizing the factors affect the yield of the pomelo oil. The pomelo oil has the optimum yield was 4.5% when extracted with a water and peels ratio of 3,119: 1 (ml/g) for time extraction of 117.336 (minutes) at a microwave power of 403.115 (W) with high reliability (R2 = 0.9831)

scholarly journals Kinetic Modelling of Solid-Liquid Extraction of Anthocyanins of Gynura Crepioides Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Wong Mei Lin ◽  
Zurina Zainal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Solid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Initial Extraction

Gynura crepioides is one of the natural resources of flavonoid compounds, including anthocyanins (ACs) that provide a lot of nutritional values to human and use as a natural colourant. For efficient extraction, optimization and kinetic data is very essential. In this investigation, optimization and kinetic modelling focusing on temperature effect on solid-liquid extraction of freeze-dried anthocyanins leaves of Gynura crepioides was performed. Freeze drying material was used in extraction to ensure high recovery of useful bioactive compounds in subsequent process. It was found that the rate of extraction was very fast at the beginning, but it began to slow down until it remained constant and reached the plateau after 45 minutes for all temperatures. As temperature increases, the initial extraction rate (h) and extraction rate constant (k) values also increased. The highest initial extraction rate and extraction rate constant were calculated to be 16.64 mg L-1 min-1 and 17.8 x 10-3 L mg-1 min-1 at 333K.However, after 60 minutes of extraction time, degradation of anthocyanins can be seen at 333K and thus reduce the yield. Higher temperature is known to reduce the quantity and quality of bioactive compound. Hence temperature of lower than 333K is desirable for industrial application. The kinetics of extraction data were corresponding well to second-order reaction. The activation energy is calculated as 18.45 kJ mol-1, which is an indication of an endothermic process. An empirical correlation was also done to establish the relationship of extraction rate constant and initial extraction rate with respect to temperature. Both parameters were found to increase with increase temperature. Finally, a three-dimensional model was predicted to show the capacity of extraction at all times and temperatures of extraction. This predicted model exhibited good fitting to experimental values with low standard deviation.   

Kinetics of Reactive Extraction of Pyruvic Acid Using Tributylamine Dissolved in n-Butyl Acetate

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharm Pal ◽  
Amit Keshav
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Reactive Extraction ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Studies have been made on the kinetics accompanied with mass transfer for the pyruvic acid/tributylamine (TBA)/n-butyl acetate system to investigate the effectiveness of reactive extraction for the separation of pyruvic acid from the aqueous solution. In the present work, kinetic studies, needed for the design of a recovery unit, were carried out using aqueous solution of pyruvic acid. TBA (conc. range 0.420–2.099 kmol/m3) dissolved in n-butyl acetate (conc. range 50–90%) was used as an extractant. The effect of reactant concentration, the effect of stirring speed and the effect of phase volume ratio on the extraction process were investigated. The kinetic parameters such as reaction order and rate constant were calculated. Kinetic measurements showed that the reaction is of second order occurring in the diffusion film and was found to be independent of hydrodynamic conditions. Rate constant was evaluated to be $0.419\,{{\rm{m}}^3}{\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}^{- 1}}{{\rm{S}}^{- 1}}$ .

Studies on Horseradish Peroxidase. XI. On the Nature of Compounds I and II as Determined from the Kinetics of the Oxidation of Ferrocyanide

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Cotton ◽  
H. B. Dunford
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Compound I ◽  
Order Rate ◽  
Compound Ii ◽  
Kinetics Of

In order to investigate the nature of compounds I and II of horseradish peroxidase, the kinetics were studied of ferrocyanide oxidation catalyzed by these compounds which were prepared from three different oxidizing agents. The pH dependence of the apparent second-order rate constant for ferrocyanide oxidation by compound I, prepared from ethyl hydroperoxide and m-chloroperbenzoic acid, was interpreted in terms of an ionization on the enzyme with a pKa = 5.3, identical to that reported previously for hydrogen peroxide. The second-order rate constant for the compound II-ferrocyanide reaction also showed the same pH dependence for the three oxidizing substrates. However, with more accurate results, the compound II-ferrocyanide reaction was reinterpreted in terms of a single ionization with pKa = 8.5. The same dependence of ferrocyanide oxidation on pH suggests structurally identical active sites for compounds I and II prepared from the three different oxidizing substrates.

Kinetics and Adsorption Ions of Heavy Metal by Modified Alumino-Silicates

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Elena G. Filatova ◽  
Yury N. Pozhidaev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Adsorption Rate ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Adsorption Rate Constant ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

Adsorption isotherms of Ni (II) and Cu (II) ions by alumino-silicates, modified with N, N'-bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) thiocarbamide (BTM-3), and HCl, were obtained. The adsorption kinetics of heavy metal ions is studied, using the kinetic pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models. It is shown that, when alumino-silicates are modified, the rate and energy of adsorption increase. It is established that the kinetics of the adsorption of the studied ions is best described by a pseudo-second order model. The maximum value of the adsorption rate constant of 33.7∙10-5 g/ (mmol min) corresponds to nickel (II) ions for alumino-silicates, modified with HCl. The maximum value of the adsorption rate constant value of 2.91∙10-5 g/ (mmol min) for alumino-silicates, modified with BTM-3, corresponds to Cu (II) ions.

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