scholarly journals Unveiling the Incidence of Interfirm Collaboration: Evidence from Research and Development Companies in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Zurina Adnan ◽  
Johanim Johari ◽  
Hazman Shah Abdullah ◽  
Jasmine Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Contingency Theory ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hrm Practices ◽  
Interfirm Collaboration ◽  
The Relationship

Nowadays, interfirm collaboration has become an increasingly popular strategy among many organizations in various industries, in order to remain competitive. Based on the contingency theory, this paper examines the moderating effect of interfirm collaboration on the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and organizational performance. Interfirm collaboration refers to the collaboration strategies undertaken by R&D companies, with other companies in similar or diverse functional areas, including R&D, marketing, or manufacturing, to enhance performance.  Using data from 64 R&D companies, the hierarchical regression analyses showed that only collaboration in R&D and functional collaboration in manufacturing significantly moderated the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance. Overall, the results provided partial support in the domain of the contingency theory. These results, however, are limited by the small sample size, which might have produced non-significant findings. Therefore, the generalization should be taken cautiously. Future research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm the findings.

scholarly journals The relationship between chronic stress, emotion regulation and depressive symptoms in healthy older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Relationship

The current study examined the association between chronic stress (measured in allostatic load or AL), ER, and depressive symptoms in a group of community-dwelling older adults. It was hypothesized that chronic stress levels would mediate the relationship between ER and depressive symptoms. A total of 70 older adults aged 60 and older participated in the study. There were no significant associations found in the main analyses between the AL index and depressive symptoms, as well as no significant relationship was found between ER strategies and AL index, after controlling for age, sex, education, and perceived SES. However, perceived stress significantly mediated the relationship between maladaptive ER strategies and depressive symptoms, and the relationship between adaptive ER strategies and depressive symptoms. Given the small sample size and the lack of variability of the AL index, the study would benefit from a larger sample size to clarify the present results.

Socially responsible investment sukuk (Islamic bond) development in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-619
Author(s):  
Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Che Ruhana Isa ◽  
Ginanjar Dewandaru ◽  
Mohamed Hisham Hanifa ◽  
Nazreen T. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Socially Responsible Investment ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Responsible Investment

Purpose This study aims to explore the underlying issues related to the development of socially responsible investment (SRI) sukuk in Malaysia. It identifies factors attracting investors and issuers, as well as challenges for the development of SRI sukuk (Islamic bond) in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted semi-structured interviews to collect data from the institutional investors, SRI sukuk issuers and arrangers, as well as researchers. A total of 19 experts were approached in which 10 participated in the interview. The thematic analysis technique is used to report the findings. Findings This study uncovers that social contribution through business activities (i.e. investment in the education sector) is the key motivational drivers for the investors and issuers. Besides, investment risks, lack of performance measurement standards, high transaction costs, risks of return, shortage of enough Islamic bonds, investors’ confidence and lack of awareness are the major challenges for the development of SRI sukuk instruments. Research limitations/implications Due to the challenges in finding experts on this subject matter, this study was able to manage only 10 interviews from the participants, which is a small sample size. However, the findings of this study cannot be ignored. Future research should carry out with a large sample size (i.e. at least 30 interviews) to validate the current findings. Originality/value This study is among the pioneer in Malaysia, which explores the influencing factors of selecting Islamic bonds as an investment option. This paper provides some valuable implications for investors through discovering the challenges for the growth of SRI sukuk in Malaysia, which can also be applicable in a global setting.

scholarly journals Complaining Behavior: The effect of different factors on Consumer Complaining Behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Manzoor ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Mehak Nazir ◽  
Nadia Perveen
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Complaining Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to comprehensively understand the determinants who affect the customer intention to complain to firm through an integrated model and also the effect of those determinants on the complaint intention and the relationship of those intentions with the complaining behavior.Design/Approach/Methodology: A quantitative research method was used based on self administered questionnaire with a sample size of 171 participants collected by using convenience sample and the results were tested through regression analysis.Findings/Results: The results shows that the complaining intention and attitude towards complaint have a significant relationship with complaining behavior while prior experience and controllability to complain have an insignificant relationship with complaining behavior. Attitude towards complaint and perceived possibility of success have a significant relationship with intention to complain. The antecedent prior experience has a significant relationship with perceived possibility of success and an insignificant relationship with attitude towards complaint. The variable controllability to complaint has a significant relationship with both perceived possibility of success and attitude towards complaint while Perceived alienation has a significant relationship with perceived possibility of success but insignificant relationship with attitude towards complaint.Limitations and recommendations: This study is conducted on a small level with small sample size. Due to which there are some insignificant relationships which can be prove as significant relationship if the sample size is large. A limited number of variables are discussed in this article. Other researchers can elaborate other variables affecting complaining behavior e.g. word of mouth, level of dissatisfaction etc.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam: a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janthima Methaneethorn ◽  
Nattawut Leelakanok
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Mixed Effect

Background: The use of levetiracetam (LEV) has been increasing given its favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Numerous population pharmacokinetic studies for LEV have been conducted. However, there are some discrepancies regarding factors affecting its pharmacokinetic variability. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to summarize significant predictors for LEV pharmacokinetics as well as the need for dosage adjustments. Methods: We performed a systematic search for population pharmacokinetic studies of LEV conducted using a nonlinear-mixed effect approach from PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL Complete, and Science Direct databases from their inception to March 2020. Information on study design, model methodologies, significant covariate-parameter relationships, and model evaluation was extracted. The quality of the reported studies was also assessed. Results: A total of 16 studies were included in this review. Only two studies were conducted with a two-compartment model, while the rest were performed with a one-compartment structure. Bodyweight and creatinine clearance were the two most frequently identified covariates on LEV clearance (CLLEV). Additionally, postmenstrual age (PMA) or postnatal age (PNA) were significant predictors for CLLEV in neonates. Only three studies externally validated the models. Two studies conducted pharmacodynamic models for LEV with relatively small sample size. Conclusion: Significant predictors for LEV pharmacokinetics are highlighted in this review. For future research, a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model using a larger sample size should be conducted. From a clinical perspective, the published models should be externally evaluated before clinical implementation.

scholarly journals The relationship between chronic stress, emotion regulation and depressive symptoms in healthy older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Relationship

The current study examined the association between chronic stress (measured in allostatic load or AL), ER, and depressive symptoms in a group of community-dwelling older adults. It was hypothesized that chronic stress levels would mediate the relationship between ER and depressive symptoms. A total of 70 older adults aged 60 and older participated in the study. There were no significant associations found in the main analyses between the AL index and depressive symptoms, as well as no significant relationship was found between ER strategies and AL index, after controlling for age, sex, education, and perceived SES. However, perceived stress significantly mediated the relationship between maladaptive ER strategies and depressive symptoms, and the relationship between adaptive ER strategies and depressive symptoms. Given the small sample size and the lack of variability of the AL index, the study would benefit from a larger sample size to clarify the present results.

scholarly journals Measuring the Performance of Logistics Industry in the Context of Karachi

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Ifrah Quais ◽  
Danish Ahmed Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Logistics Industry

The Freight Forwarding and Logistics industry play a vital role in the overall economy of Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the dynamic capabilities, services, capabilities, competitive advantage, and information sharing capabilities on organizational performance in the logistics industry in Karachi, Pakistan. Dynamic capabilities, services, capabilities, competitive advantage, and information sharing capabilities hypothesized as positively impacting on organizational performance. An online survey was conducted and the data were obtained from a sample size of 100 full time and part time employees from the logistics industry in Karachi. We performed multiple regression analysis to indicate all factors significant impact on organizational performance. The reliability test was also performed which showed that our study is significant. Conducting the research in a city with low literacy rate and low employee growth rate resulted in a small sample size because many people tend not to respond to online surveys. 

How many grains do we need for tracer thermochronology?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Madella ◽  
Christoph Glotzbach ◽  
Todd A. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Detrital tracer thermochronology exploits the relationship between bedrock thermochronometric ages and elevation to study spatial variations of upstream erosion from the distribution of detrital grain ages. If ages increase linearly with elevation and analytical uncertainties are negligible, spatially uniform erosion is expected to yield a detrital age distribution that mirrors the catchment’s hypsometric curve. Alternatively, a mismatch between detrital and hypsometric distributions may indicate non-uniform erosion within a catchment. For studies of this sort, measured age populations rarely exceed 100 grains, because applying thermochronology is time consuming and expensive. With such limited sample sizes, discerning between two detrital age distributions produced by different catchment erosion scenarios may be statistically impossible with high confidence. However, there is no established method to quantify the sample-size-dependent uncertainty inherent to detrital tracer thermochronology. Here, we investigate how sample size affects the uncertainty of detrital age distributions and how such uncertainty affects the ability to uniquely infer the erosional pattern of the upstream area. We developed a new tool to consistently report confidence levels as a function of sample size and case-specific variables. The proposed tool will be made available as open-source script along with test data. Testing the hypothesized erosion scenarios will help tracer thermochronologists define the minimum sample size (i.e. number of grain ages) to answer their specific scientific question with high level of statistical confidence. Alternatively, in cases of unavoidable small sample size, the related confidence level can be quantified.</p>

Neutrality and satisfaction in the mediation session: party and mediator perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-348
Author(s):  
Keri Szejda ◽  
Amy S. Ebesu Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Community Mediation ◽  
Higher Symmetry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Salient Factor ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between perceptions of mediators acting symmetrically (treating parties equally) and transparently (providing an explanation of past or future behavior) with parties’ assessments of the neutrality of their mediator and satisfaction with the mediation process. Design/methodology/approach This mixed-method study surveyed parties and mediators from 35 naturally occurring mediation sessions at community mediation centers about their perceptions of neutrality, symmetry, transparency and satisfaction. Findings The results showed that parties overwhelmingly assessed their mediators as acting neutrally. Compared to parties’ assessments of mediator neutrality, mediators rated their own neutrality even higher. Symmetry and transparency were both positively correlated with parties’ assessment of mediator neutrality and also emerged as qualitative themes. Speaking order and talk time did not significantly correlate with perception of symmetry. Overall, symmetry appeared to be a more salient factor in parties’ assessment of mediator neutrality than transparency. Both neutrality and symmetry were positively correlated with party satisfaction with the mediation process, but transparency was not. Research limitations/implications The present study provides a foundation for future research in understanding neutrality from both parties and mediators’ perspectives. The primary limitation was a small sample size and possible selection bias in achieving the sample. Practical implications The study found that symmetry and transparency are useful strategies for managing party perceptions of mediator neutrality and party satisfaction with the mediation process. Originality/value This study is one of only a few empirical research studies that investigated the parties’ perspective of mediator neutrality. The study provides a foundation for future research in understanding neutrality from both parties and mediators’ perspectives.

Fixed Intelligence Mindset Prospectively Predicts Students’ Self-Esteem

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Éva Gál ◽  
István Szamosközi
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Dweck’s theory posits that intelligence mindsets have significant implications in individuals’ self-esteem and previous studies have also demonstrated a consistent link between these two constructs ( Conigrave et al., 2019 ; King, 2012 ; Zhao et al., 2019 ). However, little is known about their relationship across time. Does a fixed intelligence mindset contribute to lower levels of self-esteem or the opposite is true, viewing one’s abilities as something that is incapable of improvement is merely a symptom of low self-esteem? The present study sought to answer these questions by investigating the association between fixed intelligence mindset and self-esteem across a two-year period. The final sample of the study consisted of 103 freshmen college students aged between 18 and 36 years and participants were predominantly female ( N = 91) psychology students (56%). Cross-lagged hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the relationship between fixed intelligence mindset and self-esteem might be unidirectional since Time 1 fixed intelligence mindset predicted lower levels of self-esteem at Time 2 even when initial self-esteem and self-efficacy were accounted for. In contrast, Time 1 self-esteem showed no significant associations with Time 2 fixed intelligence mindset. Although the present study offers new insight about the prospective effects of fixed intelligence mindset, results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size.

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