scholarly journals ISOFLAVONES AGLICONE OF TEMPE MALANG FRIED SLICES

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetti Mulyati Iskandar ◽  
Sri Priatni
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Rhizopus Oligosporus ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Soybean Fermentation

Soybean fermentation was carried out by using mixed culture Rhizopus oligosporus C and Rhizopus oryzae L16 (1:1) as inoculum. Incubation places in an incubator at 30 oC for 5 days and assessment of β-glucosidase activity daily was investigated. Isoflavones aglicone of tempe produced in laboratory scale, tempe commercial and fried slices tempe from Malang were analized by chromatography technique. Bioconversion of isoflavonoida in soybean to isoflavone aglicone compounds can be caused by extracelluler enzyme b -glucosidase. The observation showed that fresh tempe Malang was obtained genistein content 15.57 mg/100 g defatted tempe higher than tempe produced from laboratorium scale that was 5.45 mg/100 g defatted tempe. However, genistein content of fried slices tempe from Malang content decreased 25%, that was 11.45 mg/100 g defatted tempe. Tempe prepared at laboratory had the highest specific activity of β-glucosidase at day two that was 1693 U/g protein.   Keywords: tempe, Rhizopus oligosporus C, Rhizopus oryzae L16, genistein

Implementasi Kontrol PI Untuk Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor DC Pada Alat Pengupas Kulit Ari Kedelai

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Rizza Ade Fratama ◽  
Herwandi Herwandi ◽  
Ratna Ika Putri
Keyword(s):  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Rhizopus Oligosporus ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Rotary Encoder ◽  
Arduino Uno

Tempe merupakan makanan tradisional khas Indonesia   yang   terbuat  dari   hasil   fermentasi   kedelai dengan jamur Rhizopus oligosporus dan Rhizopus oryzae. Terdapat  tiga  tahapan  dalam  proses  pembuatan  tempe yaitu pengupasan, perebusan dan peragian (Inokulasi). Proses  pengupasan  umumnya  masih  menggunakan cara klasik yaitu di injak-injak sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama dan keahlian. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut terdapat inovasi baru yaitu alat pengupas  kulit  ari  kedelai  dengan  menggunakan  motor DC. Dengan mengunakan alat diharapkan dapat mengupas kulit ari kedelai dengan waktu yang singkat. Namun kecepatan  motor  saat  proses  pengupasan  tidak  stabil karena dipengaruhi oleh kedelai sehingga proses pengupasan   tidak   maksimal.   Untuk   memaksimalkan kinerja alat tersebut maka dibutuhkan kontroler untuk mengatur kecepatan putaran motor DC agar tetap konstan sesuai set point dengan tingkatan pembebanan yang berbeda-beda. Metode kontrol yang digunakan adalah metode PI yang ditanamkan pada sebuah mikrokontroler. Mikrokontroler yang digunakan adalah Arduino Uno. Kontrol PI akan  membandingkan nilai  set point dengan kecepatan motor DC yang dibaca oleh rotary encoder. Nilai konstanta Kp dan Ki dapat ditentukan dengan metode osilasi Ziegler-Nichols. Berdasarkan pengujiuan di dapat respon sistem yang baik dengan nilai Kp = 0.909 Ki = 4.166 dan presentase hasil pengupasan 70%.

Independent and synergistic interaction of retinal G-protein subunits with bovine rhodopsin measured by surface plasmon resonance

2001 ◽  
Vol 358 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. CLARK ◽  
Xiaoying JIAN ◽  
Loren CHEN ◽  
John K. NORTHUP
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
Bovine Rhodopsin

We have used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements for the kinetic analysis of G-protein-receptor interaction monitored in real time. Functionally active rhodopsin was immobilized on an SPR surface, with full retention of biochemical specific activity for catalysis of nucleotide exchange on the retinal G-protein α subunit, via binding to immobilized concanavalin A. The binding interactions of bovine retinal αt and β1γ1 subunits with rhodopsin measured by SPR were profoundly synergistic. Synergistic binding of the retinal G-protein subunits to rhodopsin was not observed for guanosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate-bound Gαt, nor was binding observed with squid retinal Gαq, which is not activated by bovine rhodopsin. The binding affinity (336±171nM; mean value±S.D.) of retinal βγ for rhodopsin in the presence of retinal α subunit measured by SPR confirmed the apparent affinity of 254nM determined previously by nucleotide exchange assays. Binding of β1γ1, β1γ2, and β1γ8-olf dimers to rhodopsin, independently of the α subunit, was readily observable by SPR. Further, these dimers, differing only in their γ subunit compositions, displayed markedly distinct binding affinities and kinetics. The β1γ2 dimer bound with a kinetically determined Kd of 13±3nM, a value nearly identical with the biochemically determined K1/2 of 10nM. The physiologically appropriate β1γ1 displayed rapid association and dissociation kinetics, whereas the other β1γ dimers dissociated at a rate less than 1/100 as fast. Thus rhodopsin interaction with its native signalling partners is both rapid and transient, whereas the interaction of rhodopsin with heterologous Gβγ dimers is markedly prolonged. These results suggest that the duration of a G-protein-coupled receptor signalling event is an intrinsic property of the G-protein coupling partners; in particular, the βγ dimer.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi kandungan vitamin B12, folat dan isoflavon tempe kedelai dengan isolat murni Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus oligosporus, dan Rhizopus stolonifer sebagai bahan pangan fungsional

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Vira Putri Yarlina ◽  
Dea Indriani Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Rhizopus Oligosporus ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Total Bacteria

Tempeh is a fermented food ingredient from soybeans that uses various Rhizopus molds, such as Rhizopus oligosporus, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizophus stolonifer. In this study, the preparation of tempe using mixed culture was carried out in the ratio of Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus oligosporus, Rhizopus stolonifer inoculums, namely 1: 1: 1; 1: 2: 1; 2: 1: 2; 1: 1: 2; 2: 1: 1; market yeast "Raprima", produces the characteristics of tempe according to SNI 01-3144-2009, formation of Vitamin B12, Folate and Isoflavones as well as pH, and Total Bacteria. The content of vitamin B12 was obtained in yeast "raprima" of 0.013 g / 50g of tempeh while tempeh made with pure inoculums of Rhizopus sp did not contain vitamin B12 or folic acid, pH value of 4.2 and total bacteria 14.3x108 cfu / ml and organoleptic reception. Tempe 1: 2: 1 has the characteristics of color, aroma, taste, texture and viscosity acceptable to the panelists.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kualitas Sargassum sp. sebagai Bahan Pakan Ikan Menggunakan Fermentasi Kapang

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lusi Herawati Suryaningrum ◽  
Reza Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Rhizopus Oligosporus

Salah satu bahan baku lokal yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pakan ikan adalah rumput laut. Rumput laut Sargassum sp. mampu tumbuh dengan cepat sehingga terdapat dalam jumlah yang melimpah, tidak beracun dan memiliki kandungan nutrien yang cukup baik. Rumput laut Sargassum sp. mengandung protein 12,92%, lemak 2,18%, abu 14,48% dan karbohidrat 50,42%. Tingginya kadar serat kasar (20,01%) menjadi kendala yang harus diatasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas rumput laut Sargassum sp. melalui fermentasi menggunakan kapang. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu P0 (tepung Sargassum sp.), P1 (tepung Sargassum sp. + Aspergillus niger), P2 (tepung Sargassum sp. + Rhizopus oligosporus), P3 (tepung Sargassum sp. + Rhizopus oryzae) dan P4 (tepung Sargassum sp. + Trichoderma reesei). Inokulum yang ditambahkan masing-masing sebanyak 50 mL per 75 g tepung Sargassum sp. Inkubasi dilakukan selama tujuh hari di suhu ruang, dalam kondisi aerob. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapang Aspergillus niger memiliki kemampuan lebih baik dalam meningkatkan nutrien dari Sargassum sp. Kadar protein meningkat sebesar 13,58 %; sedangkan serat kasar dan abu masing-masing turun sebesar 20,55% dan 18,57%.

scholarly journals Co-Immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae and Candida rugosa Lipases onto mMWCNTs@4-arm-PEG-NH2—A Novel Magnetic Nanotube–Polyethylene Glycol Amine Composite—And Its Applications for Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11956
Author(s):  
Saadiah A. Abdulmalek ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Michael Kidane Ghide ◽  
Yunjun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Immobilized Lipases ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

This article describes the successful synthesis of a novel nanocomposite of superparamagnetic multi-walled nanotubes with a four-arm polyethylene glycol amine polymer (mMWCNTs@4-arm-PEG-NH2). This composite was then employed as a support for the covalent co-immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae and Candida rugosa lipases under appropriate conditions. The co-immobilized lipases (CIL-mMWCNTs@4-arm-PEG-NH2) exhibited maximum specific activity of 99.626U/mg protein, which was 34.5-fold superior to that of free ROL, and its thermal stability was greatly improved. Most significantly, CIL-mMWCNTs@4-arm-PEG-NH2 was used to prepare biodiesel from waste cooking oil under ultrasound conditions, and within 120 min, the biodiesel conversion rate reached 97.64%. This was due to the synergy effect between ROL and CRL and the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic process, resulting in an increased biodiesel yield in a short reaction time. Moreover, after ten reuse cycles, the co-immobilized lipases still retained a biodiesel yield of over 78.55%, exhibiting excellent operational stability that is attractive for practical applications. Consequently, the combined use of a novel designed carrier, the co-immobilized lipases with synergy effect, and the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic reaction exhibited potential prospects for future applications in biodiesel production and various industrial applications.

Type II Glycogenosis: Mobilization of Lysosomal Glycogen

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
George Hug ◽  
William K. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Storage Disease ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Negro Girl ◽  
Type Ii Glycogenosis

Type II glycogenosis (generalized glycogen storage disease) is a fatal disease of infants characterized by increased concentration of tissue glycogen and deficiency of lysosomal acid α-1,4-glucosidase activity (acid glucosidase). In a three month old negro girl with the clinical features of the disease, the diagnosis was confirmed by needle biopsy of liver, muscle and brain. Glycogen concentration was 7.8% in liver (normal 2.5% - 6.5%), 7.8% in muscle (normal up to 1.5%), and 0.18% in brain (normal up to 0.08%). Acid glucosidase activity was deficient in all tissues. Electron photomicrographs showed the characteristic abnormal lysosomes packed with glycogen in the liver and brain, but relatively few lysosomes in the muscle despite the presence of large amounts of glycogen. Notable was the abundance of abnormal lysosomes in all hepatic sections. An extract of the fungus Aspergillus niger was prepared with a protein concentration of 25 mgm/cc and a specific activity for acid glucosidase of 22 μM of glucose liberated from glycogen/mgm of protein/minute.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the Stability of a Prolipase from Rhizopus oryzae toward Aldehydes by Saturation Mutagenesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (22) ◽  
pp. 7291-7299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Di Lorenzo ◽  
Aurelio Hidalgo ◽  
Rafael Molina ◽  
Juan A. Hermoso ◽  
Domenico Pirozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Saturation Mutagenesis ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Wild Type Enzyme ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT A prolipase from Rhizopus oryzae (proROL) was engineered in order to increase its stability toward lipid oxidation products such as aldehydes with the aim of improving its performance in oleochemical industries. Out of 22 amino acid residues (15 Lys and 7 His) prone to react with aldehydes, 6 Lys and all His residues (except for the catalytic histidine) were chosen and subjected to saturation mutagenesis. In order to quickly and reliably identify stability mutants within the resulting libraries, active variants were prescreened by an activity staining method on agar plates. Active mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli Origami in a 96-well microtiterplate format, and a stability test using octanal as a model deactivating agent was performed. The most stable histidine mutant (H201S) conferred a stability increase of 60%, which was further enhanced to 100% by combination with a lysine mutant (H201S/K168I). This increase in stability was also confirmed for other aldehydes. Interestingly, the mutations did not affect specific activity, as this was still similar to the wild-type enzyme.

scholarly journals Influence of caecal microflora and of two dietary protein levels on the adaptation of the exocrine pancreas: comparative study in germ-free and conventional rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne F. Lhoste ◽  
Isabelle Catala ◽  
Michèle Fiszlewicz ◽  
A. M. Gueugneau ◽  
Fran¸oise Popot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Enzyme Content

AbstractDietary proteins are degraded by both endogenous enzymes and the caecal microflora. In conventional rats the enzyme content of the pancreas depends on the amount of dietary protein. The influence of the caecal microflora on this process is unknown. We report here the effect of the caecal microflora on pancreatic enzymes (proteases, amylase (EC3.2.1.l), lipase (EC3.1.1.3)) and on colonic metabolites (NH3, urea, short-chain fatty acids). Germ-free and conventional male Fischer rats were fed for 3 weeks with a diet containing 220 or 450 g protein/kg provided as a mixture of fish concentrate and soyabean isolate. The excretion of NH3, and the pH were specifically increased by the high-protein diet in the germ-free rats. The higher production of isobutyrate, valerate and isovalerate in conventional rats fed on the high-protein diet reflected a high bacterial proteolytic activity since these short-chain fatty acids are specific indicators of this activity. The microflora hydrolysed urea to NH3and maintained the pH at neutrality whatever the amount of protein in the diet since there were changes in germ-free rats but not in conventional ones. In germ-free rats, amylase, trypsin (EC3.4.21.4), elastase (EC3.4.21.36) and carboxypeptidase A (EC3.4.17.1) specific activities were significantly lower than in conventional rats. The adaptation of the pancreas to the 450 g protein/kg diet was not impaired by the bacterial status except for the specific activity of chymotrypsin (EC3.4.21.1) which was more increased by this diet in germ-free than in conventional rats. Moreover, the specific activity of lipase increased only in conventional rats fed on the 450g protein/kg diet. In conclusion, we observed a relationship between the enzyme content of the pancreas and the presence or absence of the caecal microflora suggesting that bacterial fermentation influences pancreatic function.

scholarly journals Production of L-lactic acid from Cassava peel wastes using single and mixed cultures of Rhizopus oligosporus and Lactobacillus plantarum

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogbonnaya Nwokoro
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Rhizopus Oligosporus ◽  
Mixed Culture Fermentation ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration

Production of L-lactic acid using cultures of Rhizopus oligosporus and Lactobacillus plantarum was investigated. Cassava peels were hydrolyzed by boiling for 1 h in either NaOH or HCl solutions followed by neutralization to a pH of 6.2. Reducing sugar produced from the hydrolysates increased with increasing concentrations of alkali or acid. Samples hydrolyzed with HCl produced a maximum reducing sugar concentration of 402 mg/g substrate while alkali hydrolyzed samples produced a maximum reducing sugar concentration of 213 mg/g substrate. Hydrolysates were amended with 0.5% ammonium sulphate solution and inoculated with either single or mixed cultures of Rhizopus oligosporus and Lactobacillus plantarum and incubated for 48 h for lactic acid production. The best lactic acid production of 50.2 g/100g substrate was observed in a mixed culture fermentation of acid hydrolyzed peels. Mixed culture fermentation of alkali hydrolyzed peels produced a maximum lactic acid concentration of 36.4 g/100g substrate. Un hydrolyzed cassava peels inoculated with a mixed culture of the microorganisms produced only 4.6 g/100g substrate. This work reports an efficient use of cassava peels for bio-product formation through microbial fermentation.

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