scholarly journals CanWe Identify Macroscopic Texture of Coal under Microscopic Analysis Using Standard Petrographic Method?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ferian Anggara ◽  
Diyan Pamungkas ◽  
Wildan Guntur Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Textural Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Method

Macroscopic texture in coals is not much getting attention to identify, becauseit is believed it doesn’t hold much information about the coal characteristics. It is nottrue because some of important coal characteristics lie in its organic content which is reflected in its macroscopic texture (Moore, 2016). Conventional petrographic method using crushed sample cannot distinguish such feature microscopically, since the macroscopic texture will lose its integrity during the preparation. Petrographic analysis using block samples provide information about microscopic texture that can represents its macroscopic texture. Components in textural analysis are divided into three types based on the size, band (more than 800 μm), lens (20–800 μm) and matrix (less than 20 μm). From the ratio between these three types of component and statistics, later it can be determined that nonbandedsamples have less value of ratio between band and lens per matrix, and there will be a borderline between banded and non-banded samples based on the value. Banded texture in macroscopic feature consists of vitrain bands, and under microscope it can beidentified as band and lens of macerals, while non-banded samples will mostly consist ofmatrix texture. Thus, it can be concluded that petrographic analysis using block samplescan be used to identify microscopic texture representing the macroscopic texture, and can be proven through statistics as used in this research.

scholarly journals Microscopic Analysis of Pottery Fragments from the Corded Ware Culture at Sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rauba-Bukowska
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Type B ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Natural Component

Abstract For microscopic examination, 22 pottery fragments from sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District were selected. The pottery types included beakers (N=19) and amphorae (N=3). The goal of the petrographic analysis was to identify mineralogical composition of ceramic fabric, sources of raw materials, and intentional additives to the clay. The analysis yielded data that helped determine ceramic fabrics types and preparation methods, as well as pottery firing conditions and approximate firing temperature. In all samples analysed, ceramic fabrics were prepared in a similar way, using heavy clay poor in muscovite, with grog deliberately added. Crystalline material present in some of the samples is most likely a natural component of raw materials used in the production process. No sand is added to the clay. No other method for preparing pastes was identified for the amphorae type. Previous observations on amphorae firing are confirmed: amphorae are fired in oxidizing conditions. The ceramic fabrics of two vessels have a deliberate admixture of bones in addition to grog and argillaceous rock intraclasts. Vessels decorated with cord impressions and vessels with herringbone or other incised patterns are more often made from paste type A (inclusion and grog) and paste type B (grog), respectively.

Boosted microbial productivity during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in the Paris Basin, France: new evidence from organic geochemistry and petrographic analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. SP514-2020-167
Author(s):  
Carolina Fonseca ◽  
João Graciano Mendonça Filho ◽  
Carine Lézin ◽  
François Baudin ◽  
António Donizeti de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Organic Geochemistry ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Paris Basin ◽  
Oceanic Anoxic Event ◽  
Anoxic Event

AbstractThe Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) is marked by major paleoenvironmental and paleoceanographical changes at a global scale, associated to a severe disturbance of the global carbon cycle, and organic-rich facies deposition. Here, a multi-proxy approach (petrographic and geochemical techniques) was applied to the study of the organic content of the T-OAE of the Paris Basin, whose phytoplanktonic origin has been previously inferred by its geochemical signature.The top of tenuicostatum Zone is characterized by palynomorphs and marine phytoplankton-derived amorphous organic matter (AOM), representing a proximal marine environment with emplacement of euxinic conditions to the top (total organic carbon/sulfur content and increase in AOM). At the base of the serpentinum Zone the proliferation of bacterial biomass begins, with phytoplankton playing a secondary role. This indicates the development of stagnant and restrictive conditions in a proximal environment, with water column stratification (neohop-13(18)-ene). The majority of the serpentinum Zone is dominated by bacterial biomass, suggesting a marine environment with bottom waters stagnation, possibly related to basin paleogeomorphology and circulation patterns, with episodic euxinia.This therefore suggests that the T-OAE organic fraction is dominated by bacterial biomass, not phytoplankton, showing the importance of an integrated approach to the determination of the organic facies.

scholarly journals Age of Rotational Landslides in the Cypress Hills, Alberta-Saskatchewan

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Goulden ◽  
David J. Sauchyn
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Cluster ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
The West ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
Geomorphic Processes ◽  
Landslide Debris

ABSTRACTThe topography of the west block of the Cypress Hills indicates that fluvial dissection of the plateaux and subsequent rotational landsliding of valley sides have been the dominant Quaternary geomorphic processes. This paper presents a preliminary chronology of rotational landslides based on the relative ages of 17 landslides and on 3 absolute dates. Four indices of relative age were used: organic content in Ah and B soil horizons, the size and coverage of lichens and weathering rind thickness on boulders exposed by landsliding, and the concavity and gradient of gullies in landslide debris, One landslide occurred in 1965. Organic materials collected from buried soil horizons beneath depressions on 3 other landslides were radiocarbon dated at 1235 ± 105, 1635 ± 105 and 7259 ± 165 yrs. BP. Microscopic analysis of the organic material revealed that the oldest sample was contaminated with older carbon. Cluster analysis of the relative age data in conjunction with 3 acceptable absolute dates suggests that the landslides under study have occurred during late Holocene time.

scholarly journals Microscopic analysis of the alkali-silica reactivity of various origin fine aggregate

2020 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Aneta Antolik ◽  
Daria Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka ◽  
Kinga Dziedzic ◽  
Karolina Bogusz ◽  
Michał A. Glinicki
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Alkali Silica Reactivity ◽  
Selection Of

Alkali silica reaction (ASR) is a harmful phenomenon occurring as a result of chemical interactions between sodium and potassium hydroxides in the pore solution and reactive minerals contained in the aggregate. Reactive minerals like microcrystalline, cryptocrystalline or strained quartz dissolve in the alkaline solution and form an expansive gel product. Proper selection of concrete constituents is necessary to ensure the durability of concrete structures. The proper recognition of the aggregate mineralogical composition is a very important element in the process of selection of concrete components due to the risk of ASR occurrence. This paper presents the results of detailed microscopic analysis of alkali-silica reactivity of domestic fine aggregates of various origins. Six siliceous sands from different locations in Poland and one limestone sand were tested. Detailed petrographic analysis was performed on thin sections. In all siliceous sands micro- and cryptocrystalline quartz was recognized as a reactive mineral. Digital image analysis was performed for quantitative assessment of the potential of reactivity of sands. It revealed, that siliceous river sands were the most susceptible to an alkali-silica reaction, which was confirmed by mortar bar expansion test performed according to the standard test method.

scholarly journals Architecture and Source of Alluvial Fan deposits of the Gish and Lish Rivers, Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Ananda Badekar ◽  
Uttaran Goswami ◽  
Sweta Samant
Keyword(s):  
River Sediments ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Textural Analysis ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Lesser Himalaya ◽  
Darjeeling Himalaya ◽  
Source To Sink

The Gish and Lish rivers are flowing through Higher Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, Sub Himalaya and Quaternary Alluvium of the Sikkim- Darjeeling region. These thrust bounded tectonostratigraphic zones are comprised of different lithologies. Comparative sedimentological studies of the sediments of these rivers were undertaken to understand landforms developed by these rivers and source to sink relationships of these sediments. The Gish River fans are broad and wider as compared to the narrow and linear shaped fans of the Lish River. Textural analysis of these fan sediments revealed high energy conditions of deposition within these rivers.  The petrographic analysis of the Gish River sediments shows dominance of Quartz (Qt63%F4% L33%) in the framework components, while the Lithic metamorphic fragments (Lm62% LV0% Ls 38%) show dominance over Lithic sedimentary fragments. This is also supplemented by the dominance of Quartz Polycrystalline grains (Qp62% Lv0% Ls38%) over Lithic sedimentary fractions. The Lish river sediments show dominance of Lithic fragments (Qt39% F2% L59%) in the framework components, while the Lithic sedimentary fragments (Lm44% Lv0% Ls56%) show dominance over lithic metamorphic fragments. This is also supplemented by Lithic sedimentary fractions (Qp41% Lv0% Ls59%) dominance over the Quartz Polycrystalline grains. These results of Quartz dominance in the Gish River sediments indicate higher contribution is from gneissic and metamorphic sources. While, Lithic dominance in the Lish River sediments infers higher contribution from sedimentary and metamorphic sources.

Preparatory Procedures for Electron Microscopic Analysis at the Molecular Level of Resolution

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-520
Author(s):  
F.J. Sjostrand
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Obvious Reason

In the 1940's and 1950's electron microscopy conferences were attended with everybody interested in learning about the latest technical developments for one very obvious reason. There was the electron microscope with its outstanding performance but nobody could make very much use of it because we were lacking proper techniques to prepare biological specimens. The development of the thin sectioning technique with its perfectioning in 1952 changed the situation and systematic analysis of the structure of cells could now be pursued. Since then electron microscopists have in general become satisfied with the level of resolution at which cellular structures can be analyzed when applying this technique. There has been little interest in trying to push the limit of resolution closer to that determined by the resolving power of the electron microscope.

Electron Microscopic Analysis of Myonecrosis Induced by a Pure Component Isolated From Rattlesnake Venom

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Charlotte L. Ownby ◽  
David Cameron ◽  
Anthony T. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Pure Component ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mouse Muscle ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Rattlesnake Venom

In the United States the major health problem resulting from snakebite poisoning is local tissue damage, i.e. hemorrhage and myonecrosis. Since commercial antivenin does not usually prevent such damage to tissue, a more effective treatment of snakebite-induced myonecrosis is needed. To aid in the development of such a treatment the pathogenesis of myonecrosis induced by a pure component of rattlesnake venom was studied at the electron microscopic level.The pure component, a small (4,300 mol. wt.), basic (isoelectric point of 9.6) protein, was isolated from crude prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom by gel filtration (Sephadex G-50) followed by cation exchange chromatography (Sephadex C-25), and shown to be pure by electrophoresis. Selection of the myotoxic component was based on light microscopic observations of injected mouse muscle.

Molecular and Microscopic Analysis of Altered Gene Expression in Transgenic and Gene Targeted Mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
W. K. Jones ◽  
J. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mouse Tissue ◽  
Adult Heart ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Altered Gene Expression ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Pulmonary Myocardium

Two myosin heavy chains (MyHC) are expressed in the mammalian heart and are differentially regulated during development. In the mouse, the α-MyHC is expressed constitutively in the atrium. At birth, the β-MyHC is downregulated and replaced by the α-MyHC, which is the sole cardiac MyHC isoform in the adult heart. We have employed transgenic and gene-targeting methodologies to study the regulation of cardiac MyHC gene expression and the functional and developmental consequences of altered α-MyHC expression in the mouse.We previously characterized an α-MyHC promoter capable of driving tissue-specific and developmentally correct expression of a CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) marker in the mouse. Tissue surveys detected a small amount of CAT activity in the lung (Fig. 1a). The results of in situ hybridization analyses indicated that the pattern of CAT transcript in the adult heart (Fig. 1b, top panel) is the same as that of α-MyHC (Fig. 1b, lower panel). The α-MyHC gene is expressed in a layer of cardiac muscle (pulmonary myocardium) associated with the pulmonary veins (Fig. 1c). These studies extend our understanding of α-MyHC expression and delimit a third cardiac compartment.

Correlative video enhanced differential interference contrast light microscopy (VDIC)-LM), low-voltage high-resolution SEM (LV-HR-SEM), and high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) in the observation of gold-labelled surface antigens and the subjacent cytoskeletal matrix

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 904-905
Author(s):  
Ralph M. Albrecht ◽  
Scott R. Simmons ◽  
Marek Malecki
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Cell Labelling ◽  
Video Technology ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Studies

The development of video-enhanced light microscopy (LM) as well as associated image processing and analysis have significantly broadened the scope of investigations which can be undertaken using (LM). Interference/polarization based microscopies can provide high resolution and higher levels of “detectability” especially in unstained living systems. Confocal light microscopy also holds the promise of further improvements in resolution, fluorescence studies, and 3 dimensional reconstruction. Video technology now provides, among other things, a means to detect differences in contrast difficult to detect with the human eye; furthermore, computerized image capture, processing, and analysis can be used to enhance features of interest, average images, subtract background, and provide a quantitative basis to studies of cells, cell features, cell labelling, and so forth. Improvements in video technology, image capture, and cost-effective computer image analysis/processing have contributed to the utility and potential of the various interference and confocal microscopic instrumentation.Electron microscopic technology has made advances as well. Microprocessor control and improved design have contributed to high resolution SEMs which have imaging capability at the molecular level and can operate at a range of accelerating voltages starting at 1KV. Improvements have also been seen in the HVEM and IVEM transmission instruments. As a whole, these advances in LM and EM microscopic technology provide the biologist with an array of information on structure, composition, and function which can be obtained from a single specimen. Corrrelative light microscopic analysis permits examination of living specimens and is critical where the “history” of a cell, cellular components, or labels needs to be known up to the time of chemical or physical fixation. Features such as cytoskeletal elements or gold label as small as 0.01 μm, well below the 0.2 μm limits of LM resolution, can be “detected” and their movement followed by VDIC-LM. Appropriate identification and preparation can then lead to the examination of surface detail and surface label with stereo LV-HR-SEM. Increasing the KV in the HR-SEM while viewing uncoated or thinly coated specimens can provide information from beneath the surface as well as increasing Z contrast so that positive identification of surface and subsurface colloidal gold or other heavy metal labelled/stained material is possible. Further examination of the same cells using stereo HVEM or IVEM provides information on internal ultrastructure and on the relationship of labelled material to cytoskeletal or organellar distribution, A wide variety of investigations can benefit from this correlative approach and a number of instrumentational configurations and preparative pathways can be tailored for the particular study. For a surprisingly small investment in time and technique, it is often possible to clear ambiguities or questions that arise when a finding is presented in the context of only one modality.

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