scholarly journals FLUID INCLUSION STUDIES OF THE EPITHERMAL QUARTZ VEINS FROM SUALAN PROSPECT, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myo Min Tun ◽  
I Wayan Warmada ◽  
Arifudin Idrus ◽  
Agung Harijoko ◽  
Okki Verdiansyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
West Java ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Argillic Alteration ◽  
Trapping Temperature ◽  
Volcaniclastic Rocks

Sualan prospect is located at Talegong Sub-district of Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The area constitutes calc-alkaline volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of Tertiary age. The rocks have experienced regional propylitic and argillic alteration. Fluid inclusions from quartz veins were studied in order to constrain the nature, characteristics and evolution of fluids. Microthermometric measurements on fluid inclusion were carried out by freezing and heating experiment. Temperatures of homogenization (Th) and final melting of ice (Tm) were measured for primary, liquid-dominated, two-phase inclusions. The values of Th range from 160°C to 210°C and salinities range from 0.35 to 4.96 wt.% NaCl equiv. Formation temperature of the quartz veins are estimated at 180°C and 190°C and paleo-depth of formation are at 80m and 140m, respectively. Microthermometric data indicates that fluid mixing and dilution were important processes during the evolution of hydrothermal system. Based on fluid inclusion types, microthermometric data, trapping temperature, paleo-depth, texture of quartz and hydrothermal alteration types, quartz veins from prospect were developed under epithermal environment. Keywords: Quartz vein, fluid inclusions, microthermometry, salinities, formation temperature, paleo-depth, epithermal, Sualan prospect.

scholarly journals Ore Forming Fluid of Epithermal Quartz Veins at Cisuru Prospect, Papandayan District, West Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Kha Yay Oo ◽  
Wayan Warmada ◽  
Anastasia Dewi Titisari ◽  
Koichiro Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Ice Melting ◽  
West Java ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Lapilli Tuff

The Cisuru area is located in Talegong Sub-district, Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia which is belongs to the central part of Southern Mountain Slope. The aim of this research is to understand the nature and characteristic of fluid inclusion from quartz veins (especially drill core samples) in the study area. Rock units in the area are characterized by Tertiary volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic sequence which is mainly composed of andesite, andesitic breccia, volcanic breccia, lapilli tuff, dacite and related to the intrusion of diorite. The Cisuru epithermal mineralization is dominantly hosted by andesite, dacite, breccia and lapilli tuff, and would probably be controlled by both permeable rocks and NS and NE-SW trending strike-slip faults. The mineralization is shown as void filling and replacement within the silica zone, veinlets along with the open space/fractures and dissemination. Fluid inclusion from quartz veins was studied to know nature, characteristics and origin of hydrothermal fluids. Microthermometric measurements of fluid inclusions were realized by using a Linkam THMSG 600 combined freezing and heating stages. Homogenization temperature and final ice melting temperature were measured for primary two-phase inclusion from quartz veins. Base on the study of the fluid inclusion, the value of homogenization temperature (Th) range from 200 ºC to 395 °C and ice melting temperature range from -0.1 to - 4.5 where salinity range from 0.2 to 7.2 wt. % NaCl equivalent. Fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometric measurement data exhibit that fluid mixing, dilution and boiling were main processes during the hydrothermal evolution.  The formation temperature of each quartz vein is 260 ºC to 290 ºC and also their formation depth is estimated between 560m to 925m respectively. Combination of fluid inclusions petrography, microthermometric measurement, and estimate paleo depth from Cisuru area were suggested under the epithermal environment.

scholarly journals Genesis of the Longmendian Ag–Pb–Zn Deposit in Henan (Central China): Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and H–C–O–S–Pb Isotopes

Geofluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Xinglin Chen ◽  
Yongjun Shao ◽  
Chunkit Lai ◽  
Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Central China ◽  
Granitic Magma ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
The North ◽  
Granitic Magmatism ◽  
Polymetallic Sulfides ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
Stage 1

The Longmendian Ag–Pb–Zn deposit is located in the southern margin of the North China Craton, and the mineralization occurs mainly in quartz veins, altered gneissic wallrocks, and minor fault breccias in the Taihua Group. Based on vein crosscutting relations, mineral assemblages, and paragenesis, the mineralization can be divided into three stages: (1) quartz–pyrite, (2) quartz–polymetallic sulfides, and (3) quartz–carbonate–polymetallic sulfides. Wallrock alteration can be divided into three zones, i.e., chlorite–sericite, quartz–carbonate–sericite, and silicate. Fluid inclusions in all Stage 1 to 3 quartz are dominated by vapor-liquid two-phase aqueous type (W-type). Petrographic and microthermometric analyses of the fluid inclusions indicate that the homogenization temperatures of Stages 1, 2, and 3 are 198–332°C, 132–260°C, and 97–166°C, with salinities of 4.0–13.3, 1.1–13.1, and 1.9–7.6 wt% NaCleqv, respectively. The vapor comprises primarily H2O, with some CO2, H2, CO, N2, and CH4. The liquid phase contains Ca2+, Na+, K+, SO42−, Cl−, and F−. The sulfides have δ34S=–1.42 to +2.35‰ and 208Pb/204Pb=37.771 to 38.795, 207Pb/204Pb=15.388 to 15.686, and 206Pb/204Pb=17.660 to 18.101. The H–C–O–S–Pb isotope compositions indicate that the ore-forming materials may have been derived from the Taihua Group and the granitic magma. The fluid boiling and cooling and mixing with meteoric water may have been critical for the Ag–Pb–Zn ore precipitation. Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Longmendian deposit indicate that the deposit is best classified as medium- to low-temperature intermediate-sulfidation (LS/IS) epithermal-type, related to Cretaceous crustal-extension-related granitic magmatism.

Pressure-temperature-fluid constraints for the Emmaville-Torrington emerald deposit, New South Wales, Australia: Fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Loughrey ◽  
Dan Marshall ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
Paul Millsteed ◽  
Arthur Main
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
New South ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Liquid Portion ◽  
Isotope Studies ◽  
Two Fluid ◽  
Metasedimentary Sequence

AbstractThe Emmaville-Torrington emeralds were first discovered in 1890 in quartz veins hosted within a Permian metasedimentary sequence, consisting of meta-siltstones, slates and quartzites intruded by pegmatite and aplite veins from the Moule Granite. The emerald deposit genesis is consistent with a typical granite-related emerald vein system. Emeralds from these veins display colour zonation alternating between emerald and clear beryl. Two fluid inclusion types are identified: three-phase (brine+vapour+halite) and two-phase (vapour+liquid) fluid inclusions. Fluid inclusion studies indicate the emeralds were precipitated from saline fluids ranging from approximately 33 mass percent NaCl equivalent. Formational pressures and temperatures of 350 to 400 °C and approximately 150 to 250 bars were derived from fluid inclusion and petrographic studies that also indicate emerald and beryl precipitation respectively from the liquid and vapour portions of a two-phase (boiling) system. The distinct colour zonations observed in the emerald from these deposits is the first recorded emerald locality which shows evidence of colour variation as a function of boiling. The primary three-phase and primary two-phase FITs are consistent with alternating chromium-rich ‘striped’ colour banding. Alternating emerald zones with colourless beryl are due to chromium and vanadium partitioning in the liquid portion of the boiling system. The chemical variations observed at Emmaville-Torrington are similar to other colour zoned emeralds from other localities worldwide likely precipitated from a boiling system as well.

Chronology and orientation of N2–CH4, CO2-H2O, and H2O-rich fluid-inclusion trails in intrametamorphic quartz veins from the Cuiabá gold district, Brazil

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (375) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. S. de Alvarenga ◽  
M. Cathelineau ◽  
J. Dubessy
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fluid Circulation ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Inclusion Trails

AbstractThe upper Proterozoic Cuiabá group of Mato Grosso, Brazil, is composed of low-grade clastic meta-sediments which have been folded by several successive tectonic events. Three generations of quartz veins are associated with the structural evolution of this area. The first veins are deformed by the main tectonic phases and show a complex deformational patterns. The second set is parallel to the cleavage and was formed syntectonically during the main folding phase, whilst the last quartz veins are related to a later stage of deformation. A systematic study of fluid inclusions in relation with a statistical study of microstructural markers (fluid inclusion trails, opened microcracks) was carried out on quartz veins from three localities. On the basis of microthermometric studies and Raman spectrometry analysis, four differents types of fluids have been distinguished, each trapped in specific fluid inclusion trails: (i) CO2-rich liquids and vapours (Lc, Vc) at Casa de Pedra, (ii) Lc and Vc inclusions with variable amounts of CO2, CH4, N2 in the vapour phase at BR-70, (iii) CH2-N2-rich vapours (Vn-m), and (iv) aqueous inclusions (L) with variable salinities representing the last fluid generations at all localities.At Casa de Pedra and BR-70, most fluids are observed within the three generations of quartz veins, indicating an important fluid circulation associated with the last phase of brittle deformation. Fluid inclusions of type (iii) and (iv) are oriented along several well defined directions. The study shows the importance of integrated microstructural and fluid-inclusion studies for understanding the geometry and chronology of fluid circulation.

Fluid inclusions in thenardite from northern Mali: experimental stretching and microthermometric investigations

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (375) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Canals-Sabate ◽  
J. C. Touray ◽  
J. Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Eutectic Temperature ◽  
List Type ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Fluid Inclusion Data ◽  
Primary Fluid ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
Underground Brines

AbstractLarge thenardite crystals have been sampled at New Agorgott, in the Taoudenni area of northern Mali. They are still in equilibrium with a pressurized NaCl saturated brine capped by a halite layer. Clays located about 1 m above the thenardite occurrence have been dated at 6760 y.BP. The crystals contain numerous, large, brine and solid inclusions. Microcryscopic studies show that the fluids can be explained by the addition of MgCl2 to the Na2SO4-NaCl-H2O system (eutectic temperature: −31 to −35°C; possible bloedite Na2Mg(SO4)2.4H2O formed after freezing). The homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions are in the range 28 to 50°C. In order to understand the significance of the highest Th values, overheating experiments under 1 bar pressure were performed at different heating rates up to 170°C. The results are as follows:(i)When the temperature of stretching (TOh) is higher than about 10°C, overheating is recorded and fossilized (identical Th after some hours, several days or 8 months storage at 5°C).(ii)The lowest Th values (28°C) are probably near the formation temperature of thenardite; the highest ones reflect stretching under present desert conditions.(iii)With TOh lower than about 60°C, a fair correlation is observed between Th and TOh.Finally, taking into account recent natural overheating, the fluid inclusion data are compatible with the formation of thenardite from underground brines later than the beginning of desert conditions in the Taoudenni area (i.e. about 3000 y.BP).

A new technique in neutron activation analysis of Na/K ratios of fluid inclusions and its application to the gold–quartz veins at the O'Brien mine, Quebec, Canada

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2760-2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Krupka ◽  
H. Ohmoto ◽  
F. E. Wickman
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
A New Technique

A new analytical technique which employs hydrated antimony pentoxide to selectively remove Na from Na–K–Cl mixed fluids was successfully tested. With this technique, the uncertainty in the K determination of inclusion fluids by neutron activation analyses can be reduced to less than ± 10% compared to greater than ± 20% uncertainty which is typical in the conventional techniques.Na/K ratios of fluid inclusions in 14 quartz samples from gold–quartz veins at the O'Brien mine. Quebec, Canada were determined using this technique. The Na/K atomic ratio of the samples ranges from 0.9 ± 0.1 to 24.3 ± 3.9. Optical examinations of the fluid inclusions indicate that the variation in the Na/K ratios is caused by the presence of varying proportions of four different types of fluid inclusions: type I (pregold mineralization fluids: CO2 rich), type II (gold mineralizing fluids showing evidence of boiling at temperatures of 380°–300 °C), type III (postgold mineralization fluids; vapor – liquid two phase inclusions), and type IV (postgold mineralization fluids; halite bearing), Type II fluid inclusions appear to have Na/K atomic ratios of approximately 1.0, while type IV inclusions show Na/K ratios of over 24.

Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of fluid inclusion CO2 and CH4 within the Archean Junction gold deposit, Kambalda, Western Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111-1131
Author(s):  
Paul A. Polito ◽  
Thomas K. Kyser ◽  
April Vuletich ◽  
Yvonne Bone
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Gold Deposit ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Soil Gas ◽  
Isotopic Equilibrium ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Alteration Minerals ◽  
Isotope Studies

ABSTRACT The Junction orogenic gold deposit in the St Ives district of Western Australia is characterized by a syn-gold mineral assemblage dominated by quartz-calcite-albite-biotite-chlorite-pyrrhotite. The deposit had a light hydrocarbon,CO2, and O2 soil-gas signature above known mineralization prior to mining and it has been proposed that the source of the light hydrocarbon gases in the soil was gas-rich fluid inclusions trapped in gold-related alteration minerals, particularly calcite, albite, quartz, and pyrrhotite. Linking the soil gases with those in the deposit is extremely difficult. However, establishing that the gases in the soil are indeed present within the deposit and that those gases are related to the syn-Au alteration minerals is achievable through stable-isotope studies. Carbon and O stable-isotope compositions of pre-gold, syn-gold, and post-gold quartz veins; syn-gold and post-gold calcite; and CO2 and CH4 in the fluid inclusions that each of these minerals host were investigated to establish if the various mineral and fluid-gas species in the deposit are in isotopic equilibrium with each other, an important first step to relate syn-ore minerals with the relevant gases. Pre-ore Mo-type quartz veins contain CO2 (δ13Cgas = –1‰) and CH4 (δ13Cgas = ca. –33‰) in fluid inclusions at a ratio of ca. 93:7. The paucity of Mo-type quartz veins in the deposit suggests that these veins were not the main source of the soil-gas signature. Syn-gold alteration post-dates the Mo-type quartz veins. Quartz and co-existing calcite in the Au-bearing Junction shear zone have δ18Omineral values around 12.0 and 10.5‰, respectively. Multiple co-existing quartz-calcite pairs indicate that gold deposition occurred at ∼400 °C. This temperature agrees with mineral equilibria temperature estimates, the entrapment temperatures of fluid inclusions, and temperature modelling of solid-solution mineral phases. The temperature dictates that the quartz and calcite are in isotopic equilibrium with each other. The calcite in the Junction shear zone has δ13Cmineral values from –7.4 to –2.5‰, indicating that the CO2-rich ore fluid had a δ13Cfluid value of –3.7 ± 0.9‰. CO2 and CH4 released from quartz-hosted fluid inclusions have δ13Cgas values from –4.3 to +3.5‰ (mean = –1.5 ± 1.9‰) and –50.5 to –35.2‰, respectively. The isotopic composition of the fluid inclusion CO2 is in disequilibrium with co-existing CH4 that was co-released from the same quartz vein and the calculated δ13Cfluid value from co-existing calcite. Isotopic mass balance calculations using the two co-released gases show that the CO2 was initially in equilibrium with the syn-ore calcite but has since re-equilibrated with CH4 at temperatures below 200 °C. The abundance of CH4 in some quartz veins suggests that the syn-gold vein assemblage could be the source for the soil-gas anomaly. Post-gold veins contain quartz and calcite that have δ18Omineral values of ca. 11.0 and 10.0‰, respectively. Individual mineral pairs indicate precipitation at ∼320 °C from a fluid with a δ18Ofluid value of 4.7 ± 0.9‰, distinct from that which formed the syn-gold quartz veins. The post-gold calcite has δ13Ccalcite values from –7.5 to –5.4‰, indicative of formation from a CO2-bearing fluid having a δ13Cfluid value of –4.6 ± 0.9‰. The δ13Cfluid values are indistinguishable from fluid inclusion CO2 values of –3.6 ± 0.9‰, indicating no post entrapment re-equilibration, which suggests that CH4 was at trace volumes or absent in the post-gold quartz veins. These data lead to the conclusion that post-entrapment reequilibration between fluid inclusion CO2 and CH4 has occurred, but that the two gases were likely in equilibrium at the time of entrapment. This has implications for the interpretation of C isotope studies that focus on fluid inclusion CO2 measured from other gold and base-metal deposits, especially when the isotopic value of that CO2 is assumed to represent a specific source for the ore-forming fluids. The data also lead to a model that proposes that the syn-gold alteration assemblage could have produced the soil-gas anomalies observed above the mineralization.

scholarly journals Fluid Inclusion Study Of The Polymetallic Epithermal Quartz Veins At Soripesa Prospect Area, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Win Kant ◽  
I Wayan Warmada ◽  
Arifudin Idrus ◽  
Lucas Donny Setijadji ◽  
Koichiro Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Eutectic Temperature ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Fluid Inclusion Study ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Sunda Arc ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
Inclusion Study ◽  
Volcaniclastic Rocks

The Soripesa prospect area is located at Maria village, Wawo district, Bima region in the eastern part of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. This area is a part of Cenozoic Calc-alkaline volcanic inner Banda-Sunda Arc. The dominant lithology of Soripesa prospect area are a lithic-crystal tuff of andesitic and dacitic composition and bedded limestone. There have five main polymetallic epithermal quartz veins in the Soripesa prospect area, namely, Rini vein, Jambu air vein, Dollah vein, Merpati vein, and Arif vein. Those quartz veins are hosted mainly in andesitic volcaniclastic rocks. Fluid inclusion study on those quartz veins is vey important to know the condition of hydrothermal fluids and their origin. Fluid inclusion study is conducted at the laboratory of Earth Resources Engineering Department, Kyushu University, Japan. Homogenization temperature, freeze temperature, eutectic temperature, and melting temperature can be known from fluid inclusion study. Based on fluid inclusion study, formation temperatures of all veins are between 250–260◦C. Melting temperature is between -0.2 to -3◦C. Based on the melting temperature, salinity (wt.% NaCl equiv.) of fluid inclusions is calculated by using Bodnar’s equation. Paleodepth of formations and pressure of trapping are also estimated by using formation temperature and salinity. Based on Hass (1971) diagram, estimated paleodepths of formations are 270 m for Merpati vein, 400 m for Dollah vein, 480 m for Rini vein, 570 m for Arif vein, and 680 m for Jambu Air vein, respectively. Pressure of trapping can also be estimated from depth of formation, density of lithostatic overburden, and gravity; 72 bars for Merpati vein, 106 bars for Dollah vein, 127 bars for Rini vein, 151 bars for Arif vien, and 180 bars for Jambu Air vein, respectively. Keywords: Soripesa, polymetallic quartz veins, homogenization temperature, salinity.

scholarly journals Fluid evolution from quartz veins in micaschists from the thermal aureole around the Acari batholith, Northeast Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Laécio Cunha de Souza ◽  
Regina Celia de Oliveira Brasil Delgado ◽  
Heitor Neves Maia
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Aqueous Fluid ◽  
Fluid Circulation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
Liquid Vapor

Micaschists that host the Acari batholith (Ediacaran age, 572 to 577 My) are characterized by a large number of quartz veins. The veins are more abundant in higher-temperature metamorphic zones and, together with lower metamorphic zones, form an aureole centered in the batholith. Most of the fluid inclusions are two-phase (H2O-CO2 and liquid/vapor), but three-phase varieties (liquid/vapor/salt cubes; liquid/liquid/vapor) occur locally. The analyzed veins come from the biotite + chlorite + muscovite, biotite + garnet, cordierite + andalusite, and cordierite + sillimanite metamorphic zones. CO2 melting temperatures (TmCO2) vary from -62.6 to -56.7°C, suggesting CH4 and/or N2. Eutectic temperatures (Te) in quartz veins show average values of -30.8°C in the biotite + chlorite + muscovite and biotite + garnet zones, and -38.6°C in the cordierite + andalusite and cordierite + sillimanite zones. Ice-melting temperatures (Tmice) are lower in the higher-temperature metamorphic zones. The mode values are -3.8, -5.5, -5.6, and -7.3°C, corresponding respectively to the biotite + chlorite + muscovite, biotite + garnet, cordierite + andalusite, and cordierite + sillimanite zones. A fluid characterized by the H2O-Na-Cl (KCl)-MgCl2-FeCl2-CaCl2 system is defined by: Tmice from near -1.9 to -32°C, the presence of salt cubes mainly in the cordierite + andalusite and cordierite + sillimanite zones, and recorded eutectic temperatures (Te) from -16.5 to -59.1°C. In addition, total homogenization temperatures (Tht) ranging from 117 to 388°C were obtained for primary aqueous fluid inclusions. This indicates a long period of fluid circulation under conditions of falling temperatures. Our results are consistent with an increase in the salinity of the aqueous fluid across the thermal aureole toward the granitic batholith.

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