scholarly journals Gambaran Darah Kukang Dipelihara pada Kandang Penangkaran

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Wirdateti Wirdateti ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Rischa Padmacanthy ◽  
Raden Taufiq Purna Nugraha ◽  
Gono Semiadi
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Normal Reference ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Original Habitat

Maintenance of wildlife outside its original habitat is usually for the purposes of the exhibition in zoos, for research and captive breeding effort, especially for endangered species which eventually return to nature. The adaptability of the animals outside their original habitat can be seen from their health and their ability to reproduce in ex situ (captive) environment. One of the parameter that can be used to determine a health an animal is by observing their blood parameters and compared it with normal reference, however for many wild animals reference data for normal blood parameters are limited or not available. This study was conducted to determine a normal reference of blood parameters of slow lories that are kept in captive breeding condition, consisted of routine hematology and blood chemistry. This study used five animals consisting of four of N. coucang (1 male and three female) and one female N. javanicus. The results of the analysis showed that the value of hemoglobin, MCV, PDW, MPC, and erythrocytes (RBC) were higher on the male slow lories, while leukocytes (WBC), hematocrit, and MCHC were higher on the female. There were no significant differences between blood parameters of N. coucang and N. javanicus.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the Male Reproductive Organs of Javan Pangolin (Manis javanica)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusrizal Akmal ◽  
Chairun Nisa ◽  
Savitri Novelina
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs

Pangolin is an animal that has special attention by CITES since 1985. This is due to increase of market demand, especially from China. It causes the illegal hunting is increasing, so that alleged wild population decreases dramatically. Overcoming of decreasing of the pangolin populations in the wild, could be anticipated by captive breeding. The information about the status of the reproductive biology of wild animals is very important for implementation of ex situ conservation activities. One of the aspects of the reproductive biology of wild animals is knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive organs both males and females.Nowdays, data on morphological characteristics of male reproductive organs of pangolin (M. javanica) still limited. The data obtained of this study is new information in reproductive biology, especially on the morphological characteristics of the male reproductive organs of pangolin (M. javanica). In addition, the information can be the data base that is important in the effort to support ex situ conservation.

scholarly journals Reproductive parameters in some captive-bred cockatoo species (genus Cacatua and Eolophus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000405
Author(s):  
Stefano Paolo Marelli ◽  
Ahmad Abdel Sayed ◽  
Michele Magni ◽  
Lorenzo Crosta ◽  
Petra Schnitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Species Effect ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Species Specific

BackgroundCockatoo reproduction in captivity supplies a powerful tool to limit the economic motivation to capture endangered species from the wild; nevertheless, scientific data about reproductive parameters in cockatoos are very rare. The aim of the present work was to investigate the reproductive performance of different species of the Cacatua genus reared in the same facility to evaluate adaptability to captive breeding and to identify the main problems in ex situ conservation of some cockatoo species.MethodsData of 28 eggs from 19 reproductive pairs from 9 cockatoo species were analysed. Statistical analysis was carried out by SAS NPAR1WAY procedure: species was considered source of variation.ResultsSpecies effect does not significantly influence reproductive variables; differences were recorded in eggs fertility and embryo liveability. Bird adaptive ability to captive breeding has been described through reproductive parameters.ConclusionOur results show the importance and the maintenance of natural species-specific behaviours and habits, and they underline the relevance of data collection about reproductive performance in endangered species kept in captivity to improve breeding management in conservation programmes.

scholarly journals Effect of captivity on morphology: negligible changes in external morphology mask significant changes in internal morphology

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 172470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Courtney Jones ◽  
Adam J. Munn ◽  
Phillip G. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Source Populations

Captive breeding programmes are increasingly relied upon for threatened species management. Changes in morphology can occur in captivity, often with unknown consequences for reintroductions. Few studies have examined the morphological changes that occur in captive animals compared with wild animals. Further, the effect of multiple generations being maintained in captivity, and the potential effects of captivity on sexual dimorphism remain poorly understood. We compared external and internal morphology of captive and wild animals using house mouse ( Mus musculus ) as a model species. In addition, we looked at morphology across two captive generations, and compared morphology between sexes. We found no statistically significant differences in external morphology, but after one generation in captivity there was evidence for a shift in the internal morphology of captive-reared mice; captive-reared mice (two generations bred) had lighter combined kidney and spleen masses compared with wild-caught mice. Sexual dimorphism was maintained in captivity. Our findings demonstrate that captive breeding can alter internal morphology. Given that these morphological changes may impact organismal functioning and viability following release, further investigation is warranted. If the morphological change is shown to be maladaptive, these changes would have significant implications for captive-source populations that are used for reintroduction, including reduced survivorship.

scholarly journals Reproductive Anatomy of Chondrichthyans: Notes on Specimen Handling and Sperm Extraction. II. Sharks and Chimaeras

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2191
Author(s):  
Pablo García-Salinas ◽  
Victor Gallego ◽  
Juan F. Asturiano
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Specimen Handling ◽  
Viable Sperm ◽  
Abdominal Massage ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Breeding Techniques

The chondrichthyan fishes, which comprise sharks, rays, and chimaeras, are one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates on the planet. Given this situation, an additional strategy for the protection of these species could be the ex situ conservation projects developed in public aquaria and research centers. Nevertheless, to increase sustainability and to develop properly in situ reintroduction strategies, captive breeding techniques, such as sperm extraction and artificial insemination, should be developed. These techniques are commonly used in other threatened species and could be also used in chondrichthyans. However, the different reproductive morphologies found in this group can complicate both processes. Therefore, a comparison of the reproductive anatomy of eight distinct chondrichthyans, with an emphasis on those important differences when performing sperm extraction or artificial insemination, is carried out herein. Sharks and chimaeras belonging to the Scyliorhinidae, Carcharhinidae, Centrophoridae, Etmopteridae, Hexanchidae, and Chimaeridae families were obtained from commercial fisheries, public aquaria, and stranding events. In addition, the process of obtaining viable sperm samples through cannulation, abdominal massage, and oviducal gland extraction is described in detail for both living and dead animals.

scholarly journals Using different levels of energy and protein and their effects on bodyweight and blood chemistry of ostriches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Nikravesh-Masouleh ◽  
Alireza Seidavi ◽  
Magdalena Solka ◽  
Mohammad Dadashbeiki
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Protein Levels

AbstractTo determine the effect of different dietary energy and protein levels on bodyweight and blood chemistry, 36 ostriches at 2 to 9 weeks of age for feeding conditions and 18 for blood chemistry parameters was used. The birds were divided into six treatment groups. Energy and protein levels of diet were 2400 and 2600 kcal/kg and 20%, 22%, and 24%, respectively. The feed intake and bodyweight gain were determined a weekly. Blood chemical parameters including glucose, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate amino-transferase and alanine amino-transferase activity were determined. The highest weight gain during the whole experiment was observed in ostriches offered 2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 20% protein. The lowest level of total cholesterol and protein was observed in treatment V (2600 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein). The lowest level of glucose and triglycerides was noted after treatment I. The highest albumin and globulin concentrations were in treatment III (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 24% protein) and treatment II (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein), respectively. The energy level had no effect (P < 0.05) on feed intake and weight gain in all experimental period. The results of this study showed that with increasing energy and protein levels, most blood parameters increased in ostriches but total cholesterol did not.

scholarly journals The Value of Zoos for Science and Conservation

Oryx ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Cultural Institution

For too long zoos have been regarded as places of entertainment where people go to laugh at the animals. But the modern zoo has important functions to fill and must take its place as a scientific and cultural institution beside the museum and the research station. The author, editor of the International Zoo Yearbook, suggests that zoos have three main functions: firstly, educational, where their opportunity is enormous — 150 million people a year go to see the half-million vertebrate animals in the 500 zoos and aquaria listed in the Yearbook; secondly as repositories of data about wild animals; thirdly, as breeding centres for endangered species. She believes that a united organised breeding programme, using large units and with each zoo specialising in certain animals, could save many endangered species.

scholarly journals New directions in assisted breeding techniques for fish conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Rivers ◽  
Jonathan Daly ◽  
Peter Temple-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Germ Cell Transplantation ◽  
Spawning Periods ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Fish populations continue to decline globally, signalling the need for new initiatives to conserve endangered species. Over the past two decades, with advances in our understanding of fish germ line biology, new exsitu management strategies for fish genetics and reproduction have focused on the use of germ line cells. The development of germ cell transplantation techniques for the purposes of propagating fish species, most commonly farmed species such as salmonids, has been gaining interest among conservation scientists as a means of regenerating endangered species. Previously, exsitu conservation methods in fish have been restricted to the cryopreservation of gametes or maintaining captive breeding colonies, both of which face significant challenges that have restricted their widespread implementation. However, advances in germ cell transplantation techniques have made its application in endangered species tangible. Using this approach, it is possible to preserve the genetics of fish species at any stage in their reproductive cycle regardless of sexual maturity or the limitations of brief annual spawning periods. Combining cryopreservation and germ cell transplantation will greatly expand our ability to preserve functional genetic samples from threatened species, to secure fish biodiversity and to produce new individuals to enhance or restore native populations.

scholarly journals First Captive Breeding Program for the Endangered Pyrenean Sculpin (Cottus hispaniolensis Bacescu-Master, 1964)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2986
Author(s):  
Joan Manubens ◽  
Oriol Comas ◽  
Núria Valls ◽  
Lluís Benejam
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Captive Breeding Program ◽  
Critical Phases ◽  
Conservation Plans

The strong decline of freshwater fish species in Europe implies that further ex-situ conservation plans should be implemented in the near future. The present study reflects our experience with the Pyrenean sculpin (Cottus hispaniolensis Bacescu-Mester, 1964)—a small cottid endemic to the Hispano-French Garona River basin. In recent years, the Spanish Pyrenean sculpin population has reached a limit situation. Because of that, the non-profit association ADEFFA—with support from the public administration—started the first captive breeding program for this species in 2006. Fourteen years later, this study presents the results and evaluates the different steps of the program, with the aim of discussing and improving the ex-situ conservation plans for this and other cold freshwater species. There is a description and a comparison between six consecutive phases during the captive breeding process: nesting behaviour, courtship, egg fixation, parental care (incubation), hatching and survival during juvenile development. The purposes of this project are to: (1) identify the most determining phases for a successful captive breeding; (2) identify the factors that had a major influence to the success of the critical phases; and (3) increase the number of the offspring. This study is based on thirty-three wild individuals collected from Garona River (Val d’Aran, Spanish Pyrenees). During the program, twelve couples spawned in captive conditions, with around 2300 eggs laid. Eight couples bred successfully, with 751 hatched individuals and 608 juveniles reared. The analysis of each step of the captive breeding does not reveal significant differences between phases, so it can be concluded that they are all critical at the same level. In the literature, similar study-cases of captive breeding programs identify incubation and survival phases as the most critical. Consequently, the management made for this project has probably allowed to overcome in part the main impediments described in other similar programs.

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