scholarly journals Komparasi Munculnya Liberalisme Ekonomi di Indonesia dan Burma

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Hatib Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Class Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Major Transformation

This paper explores the genealogy of the birth of the economic growth system in Indonesia and Burma. First, it is a major transformation that occurs in both countries in the form of commodification of land, labor and money. And the formation of pluralism in the colonial society. Second, the transformation of capitalism in Burma that enters through the system of bureaucratic governance, education and social order in rural communities. Third, the study of comparative application of economic liberalism in Indonesia and Burma and its social effects. And the emergence of middle class society who came from outside of original community. The author uses Karl Polanyi’s approach for looking at the social effects of economic liberalism, based on the transformation of three things: the privatization of the land, the commodification of labor and the emergence of the system of money and debt. This comparison primarily uses extensive data from J.S Furnivall in view of the application of an economic liberalism system which is then enriched with studies from other economic historians, such as Thomas Lindblad, Anne Booth and the study of political economics, Richard Robison.

The Stabilisation of the Capitalist Order and Liberal Value Orientations in Serbia

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-407
Author(s):  
Mladen Lazić ◽  
Jelena Pešić
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normative Value ◽  
Value Dissonance

AbstractBased on research data from 2003, 2012, and 2018, the authors examine the extent to which capitalist social relations in Serbia have determined liberal value orientations. The change of the social order in Serbia after 1990 brought about a radical change of the basis upon which values are constituted. To interpret the relationship between structural and value changes, the authors employ the theory of normative-value dissonance. Special attention in the analysis is paid to the interpretation of value changes based on the distinction between intra- and inter-systemic normative-value dissonance. In the first part of their study, the authors examine changes in the acceptance of liberal values over the period of consolidation of capitalism in Serbia, while in the second part they focus on the 2018 data and specific predictors of political and economic liberalism.

A Distant Rainbow

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-38
Author(s):  
Debasish Roy Chowdhury ◽  
John Keane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Western World ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Social Foundations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Caste Status ◽  
Governing Institutions

This introductory chapter traces the origins and resilience of the idea of India as the world’s largest democracy. Democracy was neither a gift of the Western world nor uniquely suited to Indian conditions. India was in fact a laboratory featuring a first-ever experiment in creating national unity, economic growth, religious toleration, and social equality out of a vast and polychromatic reality, a social order whose inherited power relations, rooted in the hereditary Hindu caste status, language hierarchies, and accumulated wealth, were to be transformed by the constitutionally guaranteed counter-power of public debate, multiparty competition, and periodic elections. Efforts to build an Indian democracy are said to have done more than transform the lives of its people. India fundamentally altered the nature of representative democracy itself. India’s democratic credentials, however, face new scrutiny as a result of the executive excesses of a populist demagogue as governing institutions crumble. The chapter argues that India’s democratic decline actually goes back further. It looks at the destructive effects of the long-standing neglect of the social foundations of India’s democracy and considers the possible mutation of democracy into a strange new kind of government called despotism.

BUDAYA KOMUNIKASI MASYARAKAT PERKOTAAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Bob Andrian
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Border Communities ◽  
Work Level ◽  
General Aspects

Many experts believe that in the sociological paradigm an order of community life is dynamic in nature, in accordance with the factors that shape the social construction of the community itself. These factors include those contained in the social order itself, ethnicity, race, religion, culture, type of work, level of education, social status, and other elements. These elements will be an important factor in shaping cultures in society. Included in it is the mainstay culture between elements of society, which is then known as the culture of communication. In terms of general aspects, the classification of society is very diverse. Some are known as peripheral communities, border communities, industrial societies, laborers, even including the academic community. However, in terms of geography or demography, there are two classifications of society, namely rural communities and urban communities. Where in between, inspiration certainly has differences and characteristics of each, especially in the cultural aspects, namely the culture of communication.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
James Howard-Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Literature And Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The fundamental structures of Byzantium in the eleventh century have not been subjected to close and sustained scrutiny since the 1970s: it was during the eleventh century that Byzantium reached its apogee, in terms of power, prestige, and territorial extension, only to then plunge into steep political decline in the second half of the century. It is therefore well worth taking a thorough look at the social order in this age of change, to see how it was affected by economic growth and political expansion, and what were the consequences of the social changes which occurred. The Introduction sets out the origins of the volume in a workshop on the social order in eleventh-century Byzantium held in Oxford in May 2011, the third in a series of workshops funded by the British Academy on The Transformation of Byzantium: Law, Literature and Society in the Eleventh Century. It provides brief abstracts of the individual chapters, summarizing the approaches of their authors, in addition to a longer outline of the paper given by Mark Whittow on the Feudal Revolution at the workshop in 2011.

On a Horse

PMLA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-819
Author(s):  
Carolyn Steedman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
High Court ◽  
Class Society ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Labor Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

Labor was an analytic category in the long english eighteenth century, but was work equally so? Is there any point in discovering a difference between the two? Lawyers and high-court judges, philosophers, physiologists, and prelates worked hard at the business of defining labor, over many years. Their formulations provided the legal and conceptual underpinnings of a new form of society born of the era of revolutions (political, philosophical, industrial; American, Atlantic, French). Here was a template for social knowledge in an emerging class society. Society was divided into propertied and propertyless; the propertyless were compelled by material need to put their labor at the disposal of the propertied. The labor of the poor was a country's natural resource, like its soil and seas and mines; it fell to the propertied to deploy this resource for the national benefit. British philosophers and physicists analyzed labor as a form of energy, often drawing an analogy between it and another great resource of the nation, its horses. Working men and women and horses were bound together in the deep structure of political thinking about labor and the social order. For eighteenth-century theorists, legislators, and farmers, the horse was the immanent measure of labor power and labor time. A horse was a measure of labor itself. There were perhaps a million horses in England and Wales in the late eighteenth century, about half of them workhorses in farming. The contribution of their dung to cereal-crop yield is attested to by economic and agricultural historians (Wrigley, Continuity 35–46; Gerhold; Turner). Horses were one reason the nation was, by and large, able to feed an increased population out of its own natural resources and sources of labor power, unlike other European countries in the period 1660–1820 (Wrigley, Poverty 44–67). The importance of the horse to agricultural productivity seems assured, though some contemporary economists, in the face of harvest failures in the 1790s and ongoing crises of dearth, complained of too many horses and of the vast amount of grain and labor spent in foddering and caring for them (Crafts; Brooke 1–34).

scholarly journals The new social inequality. From middle class society to bipolar society

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-34
Author(s):  
N. L. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Structuralist Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Type

The article analyzes the social transformations that have taken place in societies at the turn of the XXI century. These transformations are largely due to formation of radical inequality which is known now both in practice and theory as “1% economy”.The article demonstrates that adequate understanding of this new type of social inequality is possible only under the condition of change in methodological approach. Contstructivist approach should be given up in favour of structuralist approach. The structuralist approach makes it possible to view the new social inequality as an objective social process as the social structure of a new type of society. This social structure and social order determine social chances and life conditions of individuals.New radical social inequality gives rise to a new type of contemporary society. The bipolar society replaces the mass middle class society of the second half of the XX century. The bipolar society may be graphically presented as a pyramid with a truncated top and a broad social bottom.The article shows the processes and mechanisms that are forming this broad social bottom. This makes it possible to conceptualize the new social lower class as an axial central component in the structure of contemporary bipolar societies. In this function it has replaced the middle class.

scholarly journals The Social Effects Of The Economic Transformation In India (An Attempt At Measurement and Evaluation)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Bywalec
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
The Social

One of significant and, at the same time, challenging research problems in Economics is measuring the social effect of economic growth (development). Economic growth should never be treated a goal per se. It is rational provided that it brings effects such as, generally speaking, an improvement in the standard of living. However, this is not always the case. Social sciences, including Economics, have not developed any uniform methods of measuring and evaluating such effects yet. This paper constitutes an attempt to measure and evaluate the social effects of the reforms of the Indian economy and state launched in 1991. The analysis covers a period of over twenty years. As a result of the aforementioned reforms, at the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, India ranked third in the world in terms of GDP (based on purchasing power parity), after the USA and China. So what are the social effects of such a dynamic economic growth? For the purposes of this paper, in order to quantify and evaluate the social effects of the economic growth in India and its dynamics in the analysed time period, the author experimentally adopts a popular socio-demographic index, i.e. the average further life expectancy (e0). This constitutes the so-called natural aggregate (a micro index) applied in social development analyses. It is quite commonly used by Indian economists and statisticians, albeit it is rarely applied in European Economics. The empirical analysis of the trends in the said index proves that the rapid economic growth in India after the year 1991 has brought about substantial increases in the life expectancy of the inhabitants of the country and a diminishing of disparities in this regard on a national scale (in different cross-sections: urban-rural, females-males, as well as in the regional perspective). In the mid-2010s India is almost on a par with the countries with a medium development rate in terms of the life expectancy of its inhabitants and in some states (e.g. Kerala). the value of this index is comparable to that in the highly developed countries.

scholarly journals Strategic Actors and their Scenarios in the Extraction of Phosphates from the Mantaro Valley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Mallma ◽  
Lita Salazar Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Social

Followed by the aspect of respect for rights 20, the social and environmental issue has a score of 19.9, the dialogue issue is 19. In short, the proximity plan indicates that the policies used regarding the issue of generating employment and economic growth (Empresa Mantaro Perú SAC), continue to be the strategic variables in the first instance, but they are far from the social actors (rural communities of Aco, Vico, Cruz Pampa and others) and environmental (Junín environmental dialogue table) and Ombudsman's Office (rights) that are currently closer together. The actor from the Archbishop of Huancayo referred to communication is one of the driving variables of power. The proximity plan shows us that the policies used regarding the issue of generating employment and economic growth (Empresa Mantaro Perú SAC), continue to be the strategic variables in the first instance, but that they are far from the social actors (Rural Communities of Aco , Vico, Cruz Pampa and others) and environmental (Junín Environmental Dialogue Table) and Ombudsman's Office (rights) that are currently closer together. The actor from the Archbishop of Huancayo referred to communication is one of the driving variables of power. The proximity plan shows us that the policies used regarding the issue of generating employment and economic growth (Empresa Mantaro Perú SAC), continue to be the strategic variables in the first instance, but that they are far from the social actors (Rural Communities of Aco , Vico, Cruz Pampa and others) and environmental (Junín Environmental Dialogue Table) and Ombudsman's Office (rights) that are currently closer together. The actor from the Archbishop of Huancayo referred to communication is one of the driving variables of power. but they are far from the social actors (rural communities of Aco, Vico, Cruz Pampa and others) and environmental (Junín Environmental Dialogue Table) and the Ombudsman's Office (rights) that are closer together today. The actor from the Archbishopric of Huancayo referred to communication, is within the driving variables of power. but they are far from the social actors (rural communities of Aco, Vico, Cruz Pampa and others) and environmental (Junín Environmental Dialogue Table) and the Ombudsman's Office (rights) that are currently closer together. The actor of the Archbishopric of Huancayo referred to communication, is within the driving variables of power.

scholarly journals Complicating Social Order in the Rural Areas of Akwa Ibom State Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Moses I. Peters ◽  
Aniekan E. Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Youth Groups ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status

In a typical traditional society in Nigeria laws, rules, norms, and taboos were used by community elders to enforce social order and curtail practices, behaviours, values and beliefs that were counter to the stability of the social structure. However, the contemporary rural communities have witnessed a shift within the social structures and institutions, in behaviours, cultural aspects which affect social relations, social interaction and the maintenance of the status quo by the traditional rulers. This qualitative study examined the roles of traditional rulers in complicating social order in Ikot Annang and Ikot Abasi communities in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria. In-depth interviews and participant observation were used to collect data on the subject under study. Ethnomethodology by Garfinkel was adopted as theoretical guide for the study. Findings of the study show that betrayal of community interest, mismanagement of community generated revenue, neglect of traditions, abuses of traditional power by some community elders, and youth groups are contributing to upheaval in some rural communities in Akwa Ibom State. Researchers concluded that the decisions by some of the rural community elders and youth groups to adopt western customs over their traditional customs have distorted the state of stability and consensus that existed in the traditional rural areas, thereby bringing about a shift that disrupts social order. Among other, the researchers recommended the need for culture check and rite of passage for youth groups in line with customs and traditions.

Cities in Social Transformation

1961 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Friedmann
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Civic Consciousness ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

This essay has sought to bring out salient points that can throw light both upon the vexing problems of cultural transformation and on the related phenomena of economic growth. It has employed concepts that are relatively recent in the social sciences and that when synthesized provide the elements of a theory of social change. The five main concepts are: the city as a cross-cultural type; the functional urban hierarchy; the nodular regional structure; effective social, political-administrative and economic space; economic growth as being part of a more comprehensive process leading to successively higher levels of integration of the social system.From the concept of the city as a cross-cultural type it follows that there are no fundamental distinctions between industrial and preindustrial cities, but both are sharply distinguished from communal village life. All cities have in common a way of life that is characterized by varying degrees of social heterogeneity and cultural vitality, and by inventiveness, creativity, rationality, and civic consciousness. From the fact that cities and the regions related to them may be seen as functionally differentiated and arranged in hieratic fashion it follows that the extent of urban influence will vary with (a) the stage of evolution reached by the hierarchy as a whole, and (b) the relative position of any given city within the hierarchy.Economic growth has to be seen as part of a comprehensive process of cultural transformation. From the ruthless destruction of old social forms no aspect of society will be spared. It is the influences spreading outward from cities that accomplish both the disruption of the traditional social patterns and the reintegration of society around new fundamental values. The city acts as a coordinating, space-creating force, thus achieving the integration of the social order in its spatial dimensions. Intellectuals, administrators and entrepreneurs are the city's agents in this task. With their success in organizing the life of a society, both as a pattern of activities and as a pattern in space, the traditional notion of a city as a place having definite geographic limits will tend gradually to disappear. Just as Karl Mannheim speaks of fundamental democratization as one of the tendencies of our age, so one may speak of fundamental urbanization as the end-result of modern economic growth. With this, the former distinction between town and country will beblurred and will leave a thoroughly organized, impersonal, and functionally rational society to carry on.

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