scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effect of Citrus Sinensis Peel Extract Against Isoniazid and Rifampicin-induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Edward Kosasih ◽  
Linda Chiuman ◽  
I Nyoman Ehrich Lister ◽  
Edy Fachrial
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Peel Extract

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. One of the problems in controlling TB disease is that most anti-tuberculosis drugs are hepatotoxic. Citrus sinensis peel extract is the rich source of secondary metabolites with high potential effectiveness as an antioxidant. In the present study, we evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Citrus sinensis peel ethanolic extract (CSPEE) on isoniazid and rifampicin-induced liver injury in Wistar rats. Twenty five adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 each : control,  (INH+RIF) (50 mg/kg bw once a day for 14 days), (INH+RIF) + various dose of CSPEE (300, 450, 600 mg/kg bw).  CSPEE was given orally once a day for 14 days followed by administration of INH + RIF suspension. The measurement of serum ALT and AST were carried out on the 15th day. Histopathologic examination of the liver was also performed. The Serum ALT and AST of the rats that induced with INH + RIF were increased significantly (P<0.001) compare to those of control groups, and the histopathologic slides showed steatosis, vacuolation and necrosis of hepatic cells. The serum ALT and AST in groups treated with CSPEE were not significantly different (p>0.05) with those of control groups. The serum ALT and AST and histopathological examination of the liver of the group that administered 600 mg/kg CSPEE were closest to normal rats. Citrus sinensis peel extract exhibits hepatoprotective effect on liver injury induced with INH + RIF in Wistar rats.

Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Bambusa vulgaris Var. vulgaris Leaf and its Toxicity Studies in Male Wistar Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
GO Alade ◽  
KK Ajibesin ◽  
OR Omobuwajo
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Low Toxicity

The study evaluated the pharmacognostic characters and toxicity of the aqueous ethanolic extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaf in male wistar rats. The microscopy of the leaf revealed diagnostic characters such as anomocytic stomata, sinuous epidermal cells, numerous prisms of calcium oxalate crystals and covering trichomes. Histopathological examination revealed no significant adverse effects on the lungs, kidneys and the spleens after fourteen days oral administration of the extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses. Haematological evaluation however revealed a significant 31% reduction (p<0.05) in packed cell volume and a significant 31% increase (p<0.05) in white blood cell count at 500 mg/kg. The results suggest that administration of B. vulgaris extract may possess low toxicity when used.Keywords: Bambusa vulgaris, Toxicity, Microscopy, Standardization, Histology

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOT OF PUNICA GRANATUM IN RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Bushra Hasan Khan ◽  
Farida Ahmad ◽  
Jameel Ahmad ◽  
Syed Mobashir Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Standard Drug

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of the root (REE) of Punica granatum.Methods: This study was conducted on adult albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g. Animals were divided into five groups (n=5). Liver injury was produced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 1 ml/kg dissolved in olive oil (1:1) given intraperitoneally on day 1 and day 4 of the study duration of 14 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg/d) orally was used as standard drug. Test groups received an REE of P. granatum (REE) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day orally along with CCl4. On the 15th day, all animals were sacrificed, and blood was collected. Liver was sent for histopathological examination. The hepatoprotective effect of REE was evaluated by assessment of physical parameters, histopathological examination and biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum bilirubin.Results: The administration of REE of P. granatum at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day orally, exhibited a highly significant decrease in the rise of mean serum AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin as compared to CCl4 treated group (p<0.001). Histopathological examination of the liver also suggested hepatoprotective effect of REE of P. granatum by restoration of hepatic architecture toward normal. Decrease in the extent of centrilobular necrosis was observed in REE (200 and 400 mg/kg/day) treated rats when compared to CCl4 treated group.Conclusion: This study demonstrated hepatoprotective activity of REE of P. granatum against CCl4 induced liver injury in rats.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Activity of Helicteres isora Ethanol Extract Against Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1468-1472
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Linh Giang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Helicteres Isora

Helicteres isora L. is a medicinal plant which is used in several diseases, such as snake-bite, dog-bite, diarrhoea and constipation in a new born baby, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, cancer, and infections. This plant has also been used in the management of liver damage through traditional medicine. However, the hepatoprotective activity of H. isora L. ethanolic extract has not been reported so much. The present work was carried to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of H. isora L. against paracetamol-induced liver injury in Swiss mice. Paracetamol (PCM) is widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug which at high dose can lead to undesirable side effects, such as hepatotoxicity. Paracetamol induce hepatotoxicity was evaluated by an increase (P<0.05) in AST and ALT serum activity. Paracetamol hepatotoxicity was also manifested by an increase in (P<0.05) lipid peroxidation and depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue. Ethanol extract of H. isora L. (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day) significantly restored the PCM-induced alterations in the biochemical activities of blood and liver tissues. The hepatoprotective effect of H. isora L. was also confirmed by the histopathological examination of liver tissue. Histopathological examination of liver sections in mice administered with 1000 mg/kg bw/day doses of the extract were perfectly protected almost similar to those of untreated mice. The results indicated the hepatoprotective nature of studied plants extract against paracetamol induced toxicity. Our study scientifically validates the folkloric claim as well as traditional uses of H. isora L. as hepatoactive medicine. The results of this study suggests a new direction in the treatment of liver disease in future.

scholarly journals The Preventive Effects and the Mechanisms of Action of Navel Orange Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Naringin, and Naringenin in N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama M. Ahmed ◽  
Hanaa I. Fahim ◽  
Heba Y. Ahmed ◽  
Hessah Mohammed Al-Muzafar ◽  
Rasha R. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Preventive Effects ◽  
Peel Extract

N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) or acetaminophen is the most common drug ingredient worldwide. It is found in more than 600 different over-the-counter and prescription medicines. Its long-term and overdose use is highly toxic and may result in liver injury. Thus, this study was designed to assess the preventive effects and to suggest the mechanisms of action of the navel orange peel hydroethanolic extract, naringin, and naringenin in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. APAP was administered to male Wistar rats at a dose level of 0.5 g/kg body weight (b.w.) by oral gavage every other day for 4 weeks. APAP-administered rats were treated with the navel orange peel hydroethanolic extract (50 mg/kg b.w.), naringin (20 mg/kg b.w.), and naringenin (20 mg/kg b.w.) by oral gavage every other day during the same period of APAP administration. The treatments of APAP-administered rats with the peel extract, naringin, and naringenin produced a significant decrease in the elevated serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and GGT activities as well as total bilirubin and TNF-αlevels while they induced a significant increase in the lowered serum albumin and IL-4 levels. The treatments also resulted in a significant decrease in the elevated liver lipid peroxidation and enhanced the liver GSH content and SOD, GST, and GPx activities as compared with APAP-administered control; the peel extract was the most potent in improving the liver LPO, GSH content, and GPx activity. In addition, the three treatments significantly downregulated the elevated hepatic proapoptotic mediators p53, Bax, and caspase-3 and significantly upregulated the suppressed antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2, in APAP-administered rats. In association, the treatments markedly amended the APAP-induced liver histopathological deteriorations that include hepatocyte steatosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, hydropic degeneration, and necrosis together with mononuclear leucocytic and fibroblastic inflammatory cells’ infiltration. In conclusion, the navel orange peel hydroethanolic extract, naringin, and naringenin may exert their hepatopreventive effects in APAP-administered ratsviaenhancement of the antioxidant defense system and suppression of inflammation and apoptosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Juniperus communis L. seed extract on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced in male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Akbari ◽  
Mohammad Azadbakht ◽  
Kanu Megha ◽  
Ayat Dashti ◽  
Lale Vahedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease which causes various health problems for elderly men such as urinary retention, recurring urinary tract infection and bladder stones. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Juniperus communis L. seed extract (JCS) on BPH in male Wistar rats. Methods To this end, 30 rats were divided into 5 groups (N = 6): group 1 (vehicle), group 2 (disease control), group 3 (standard medicine; 10 mg/kg finasteride), and groups 4 and 5 were treated with 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of the hydroalcoholic JCS seed extract, respectively. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 received testosterone enanthate to induce prostatic hyperplasia. At the end of experimental period (28 days), prostate glands were cut off under anesthesia. Histopathological examination was done and biochemical parameters such as Malondialdehyde, Glutathione and protein carbonyl were also measured. Their body weights were also observed during the study. At the end of the experiment, prostate weights and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were measured. Prostate index, inhibition prostate weight and inhibition prostate index were also calculated. Results Both histopathological examination and biochemical parameter results showed significant improvements in rats treated with finasteride and 600 mg/kg JCS extract (p < 0.01). In addition, PSA levels showed significant decrease in comparison with the disease group. But acute toxicity test indicated that using JCS extract resulted in an increase in liver enzymes (ALP, LDH, SGOT, SGPT). As a result, the extract should be used with caution. Conclusions Oral administration of JCS extract is effective on preventing testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.

scholarly journals Anticarcinogenic effect of probiotic fermented milk and chlorophyllin on aflatoxin-B1-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
V. Verma ◽  
R. Nagpal ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
P. V. Behare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Aflatoxin B

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of probiotic fermented milk (FM) containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, alone as well as in combination with chlorophyllin (CHL) as an antioxidant agent in male Wistar rats administered aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). AFB1 was injected intraperitoneally at the rate of 450 μg/kg body weight per animal twice a week for 6 weeks, maintaining an equal time interval between the two consecutive AFB1 administrations. A total of 125 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to five groups, each group having twenty-five animals. Group I was offered FM containing L. rhamnosus GG and L. casei strain Shirota. Group II was administered AFB1 and served as the control group; group III was administered FM-AFB1, in which besides administering AFB1, FM was also offered. Group IV was offered CHL and AFB1, and group V was offered both FM and CHL along with AFB1. The rats were euthanised at the 15th and 25th week of the experiment and examined for the biochemical and hepatopathological profile. A significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was observed in the FM–CHL–AFB1 group compared with the AFB1 control group. FM alone or in combination with CHL was found to show a significant (P < 0·05) hepatoprotective effect by lowering the levels of TBARS and by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase, indicating that probiotic FM alone or in combination with CHL possesses a potent protective effect against AFB1-induced hepatic damage.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Administration of Lithium and Hydrochlorothiazide in Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Loghin ◽  
Adriana Olinic ◽  
Daniela-Saveta Popa ◽  
Carmen Socaciu ◽  
Sorin E. Leucuta
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Association Group ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Lithium Lactate

The biochemical and histological changes following 60 days administration of daily doses equivalent to 1/20 LD50 of lithium lactate and hydrochlorothiazide, as such and in association, were studied in male Wistar rats. No mortality or overt signs of toxicity were observed during the experiment and the serum activities of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase were not significantly modified compared to controls. The histopathological examination of all the investigated organs: kidney, liver, brain and spleen, revealed significant lesions which were time-dependant and more pronounced in the association group. Although the changes were mostly inflammatory and conqestive, it was proved that the concomitant administration of lithium and hydrochlorothiazid is potentially dangerous, increasing lithium’s nephrotoxicity and the thiazide diuretic's hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of ethanolic extract and fraction of alkaloids from bark of Aspidosperma nitidum in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heliton Patrick Cordovil Brígido ◽  
Everton Luiz Pompeu Varela ◽  
Antônio Rafael Quadros Gomes ◽  
Mirian Letícia Carmo Bastos ◽  
Andre de Oliveira Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Alkaloid Fraction ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Changes ◽  
Negative Controls

AbstractThis study investigated the acute and subacute toxicity of the ethanolic extract (EE) and alkaloid fraction (FA) from A. nitidum. The EE was obtained from trunk bark with ethanol, FA was obtained from the fractionation of EE. To test the acute toxicity, mice were divided into four groups, and the negative controls received water or aqueous solution of dimethyl sulfoxide, whereas the others received EE or FA (2000 mg/kg, orally, single dose). The same controls were used in the subacute trial. However, the animals were treated for 28 days, and the dose used was 1000 mg/kg per day of EE and FA. Daily clinical evaluations of the animals were performed. At the end of the experiment, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological assessments (liver, lung, heart, and kidney) were performed. In the acute and subacute toxicity studies, mice treated with EE and FA did not show any clinical changes, there were no changes in weight gain, hematological and biochemical parameters compared to the control groups (p > 0.05). In the histopathological examination, there was no abnormality in the organs of the treated animals. Therefore, EE and FA did not produce toxic effects in mice after acute and subacute treatment.

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