scholarly journals Chinese Diplomacy Discourse in the Prism of the Relations with the Sub-Saharan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. p80
Author(s):  
Marianna Levtov
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy ◽  
Current Behaviour

Chinese economic reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping have given China the necessary push for the development and growth of the domestic economy. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) under Xi Jinping claims, that the originally planned transformation is completed, and China is ready for achieving new goals, such as first peripherical and, later, global dominance, leadership in manufacturing and technology and probably even the moral benchmark. The PRC presents a new model of global order with its active position as the super nation.Chinese current behaviour on the international stage is the direct illustration of the political thought of Xi Jinping. To understand the main principles and the vision of the PRC under Xi, his principles of diplomacy have been analysed.This paper claims, that the rhetoric of Xi Jinping and his administration is a neo-pragmatic approach, which includes nativism, anti-traditionalism and pragmatism within.The article takes as a case study for the implementation of the Chinese foreign policy the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) member states.Contrarily to the American dominance, China suggests guidance, collaboration with mutual benefits and growth, which involves both sides. “Shift in space” stresses the concrete steps for achieving the “China’s dream” of rejuvenation.

scholarly journals Chinese Diplomacy Discourse in the Prism of the Relations with the Sub-Saharan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. p81
Author(s):  
Marianna Levtov
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy ◽  
Current Behaviour

Chinese economic reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping have given China the necessary push for the development and growth of the domestic economy. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) under Xi Jinping claims, that the originally planned transformation is completed, and China is ready for achieving new goals, such as first peripherical and, later, global dominance, leadership in manufacturing and technology and probably even the moral benchmark. The PRC presents a new model of global order with its active position as the super nation.Chinese current behaviour on the international stage is the direct illustration of the political thought of Xi Jinping. To understand the main principles and the vision of the PRC under Xi, his principles of diplomacy have been analysed.This paper claims, that the rhetoric of Xi Jinping and his administration is a neo-pragmatic approach, which includes nativism, anti-traditionalism and pragmatism within.The article takes as a case study for the implementation of the Chinese foreign policy the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) member states.Contrarily to the American dominance, China suggests guidance, collaboration with mutual benefits and growth, which involves both sides. “Shift in space” stresses the concrete steps for achieving the “China’s dream” of rejuvenation.

scholarly journals China’s Foreign Policy towards Eurasia Economic Integration

2021 ◽  
pp. 053-070
Author(s):  
Yingying Fu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
South China ◽  
The Political ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Nuclear Issue ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy ◽  
The Silk Road

During the period from 2005 to 2015 under the rule of Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping, China has achieved enormous success not only in the field of economy but also in the political and diplomatic areas. With the Silk Road Economic Belt’s initiative launched by the government of Xi in 2013, China was seeking to find alternatives for different affairs such as the South China Sea, the nuclear issue of North Korea, and Taiwan issues. The emergency of the “Strategic Breakthrough” whose aim is to stabilize the surrounding atmosphere makes it a pressing task for the Chinese diplomacy focused on Eurasia to overhaul the international order.

The Witch-Hunting Vanguard: The Central Secretariat's Roles and Activities in the Anti-Rightist Campaign

2011 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 391-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-lin Chung
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
The Political ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The People ◽  
The Witch ◽  
Witch Hunt

AbstractWhen the king went astray, the people suffered for it. Just as a wayward king needed loyal and capable courtiers to implement his wishes, so too did Mao Zedong in the People's Republic of China. The Anti-Rightist Campaign was one of Mao's controversial policies, and involved him delegating his trusted followers to implement his political initiatives. This article examines how the Central Secretariat, led by Deng Xiaoping, effectively implemented and strictly supervised the process, as well as the negative influences of the Central Secretariat on this witch-hunt-like campaign. It thus provides a case study of how the Central Secretariat operated and functioned as a powerful political apparatus in the political processes of the Chinese Communist Party during the pre-Cultural Revolution period.

scholarly journals CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY UNDER XI JINPING: CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
I. E. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Chinese Rhetoric ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy

The article is devoted to the modern approaches of the PRC to international problems and the main changes in Chinese diplomacy after Xi Jinping’s coming to power in 2012. The diplomacy of Xi Jinping is characterized by a gradual departure from Deng Xiaoping’s foreign policy concept. The article reviews innovation, strategic ideas and new diplomatic initiatives of the Chinese leadership, as well as the challenges faced by China as one of the leading global players. From the author’s point of view, foreign evaluations of China’s foreign policy remain in the line with official Chinese concepts that tend to exaggerate the swiftness and revolutionary nature of changes in the diplomatic course of Xi Jinping. In reality, these changes occur more smoothly. In Beijing’s foreign policy there is a complex picture of the intertwining of various trends. External observers often take Chinese rhetoric for evidence of the allegedly emerging new quality of diplomacy. According to the author, in the 1970s. the true motives of Deng Xiaoping in the course of adopting a reserved and cautious foreign policy doctrine for China were not limited to saving Beijing’s limited resources necessary for internal development. He was moved by the fear of losing on the world chessboard to more experienced powers, which would mean an internal political discredit of the Communist Party and could undermine its power. Even today, China’s deep insecurity in its own strength continues to constrain its transition to a more ambitious foreign policy. Although China’s dependence on external conditions is obvious, internal political instability can not be compensated by any diplomatic successes and the most favorable external environment. The position of China as the world’s second economy is not automatically transformed into a global influence. Most of the changes that today are associated with the so-called fifth generation of Chinese leaders, in reality were initiated by their predecessors. Imaginary novelty is the continuation of China’s gradual adaptation to socio-economic changes at the national and global levels. The article concludes with an analysis of the prospects for changing China’s role in the world. 

scholarly journals Main Lines of Chinese Foreign Policy from the Opening to the Present

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Rafael Martín
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Global World ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy

The history of the international relations of the People’s Republic of China contains lines of action that should not go unnoticed. These lines are the consequence of the extraordinary circumstances that have surrounded the country since its proclamation in 1949, then within the framework of the Cold War, but with a huge burden of personality and ideology. Chinese history and culture, thus, have shaped their own context from which the events that took place around them were understood. The energetic personality of Mao and his ideology, the pragmatism of Deng Xiaoping, and the vicissitudes experienced by the world from the Cold War to the present, have created a cosmos of diverse circumstances that nevertheless do not detract from the fact that Chinese diplomacy has wellmarked lines of action, flexible, but immutable in time, and which are typical of their personality and idiosyncrasy. To understand the international relations of a country is to understand the soul of its citizens, because this is often reflected in the others. China has lived these years its inclusion in the new global world without forgetting the<br />patterns that were already recognizable in distant times.

Kämpfe um Bergbau und die Möglichkeiten demokratischer Transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (189) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the political effects of popular consultations as a means of direct democracy in struggles over mining. Building on concepts from participatory and materialist democracy theory, it shows the transformative potentials of processes of direct democracy towards democratization and emancipation under, and beyond, capitalist and liberal democratic conditions. Empirically the analysis is based on a case study on the protests against the La Colosa gold mining project in Colombia. The analysis reveals that although processes of direct democracy in conflicts over mining cannot transform existing class inequalities and social power relations fundamentally, they can nevertheless alter elements thereof. These are for example the relationship between local and national governments, changes of the political agenda of mining and the opening of new spaces for political participation, where previously there were none. It is here where it’s emancipatory potential can be found.

2018 Fiji Election Results: Patterns of Voting by Provinces, Rural-Urban Localities, and by Candidates

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
The Political ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Election Results

Akin to the previous, 2014 event, with no data on voter ethnicity, no exit polls, and few post-election analyses, the 2018 Fiji election results remain something of a mystery despite the fact that there had been a significant swing in voting in favour of Opposition political parties. There have been several studies about the election results, but most of them have been done without much quantitative analyses. This study examines voting patterns of Fiji’s 2018 election by provinces, and rural-urban localities, as well as by candidates, and also compares the 2018 and 2014 elections by spending a substantial time classifying officially released data by polling stations and individual candidates. Some of the data are then further aggregated according to the political parties to which those candidates belonged. The current electoral system in Fiji is a version of a proportional system, but its use is rare and this study will provide an interesting case study of the Open List Proportional System. At the end of the analyses, this study considers possible reasons for the swing in favour of the Opposition.

Islamic and Jewish Religious Feminists Tackle Islamic and Jewish Oral Law: Maintenance and Rebellion of Wives

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Ruth Roded
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Parallel Case ◽  
First Time

Beginning in the early 1970s, Jewish and Muslim feminists, tackled “oral law”—Mishna and Talmud, in Judaism, and the parallel Hadith and Fiqh in Islam, and several analogous methodologies were devised. A parallel case study of maintenance and rebellion of wives —mezonoteha, moredet al ba?ala; nafaqa al-mar?a and nush?z—in classical Jewish and Islamic oral law demonstrates similarities in content and discourse. Differences between the two, however, were found in the application of oral law to daily life, as reflected in “responsa”—piskei halacha and fatwas. In modern times, as the state became more involved in regulating maintenance and disobedience, and Jewish law was backed for the first time in history by a state, state policy and implementation were influenced by the political system and socioeconomic circumstances of the country. Despite their similar origin in oral law, maintenance and rebellion have divergent relevance to modern Jews and Muslims.

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