scholarly journals Attitudes of Middle Eastern Societies towards Organ Donation: The Effect of Demographic Factors among Jordanian Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Amjad Bani Hani ◽  
Isam Bsisu ◽  
Amjad Shatarat ◽  
Osama Sarhan ◽  
Ala’ Hassouneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
Main Barrier

Background: Organ donation gives thousands of patients a renewed chance at living full and active lives. Unfortunately, the need for organs does not match their availability. This study aims to analyze the effect of demographic factors on the knowledge and awareness of the Jordanian society towards organ donation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire. We included 1041 adult Jordanians from all the governorates of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Results: Of the 1041 participants, only 124 (11.9%) had previously singed organ donation card. Overall, 827 (79.4%) were fully accepting organ donation. Among 782 participants in the medical field, 639 (81.7%) fully accepted organ donation, compared to 188 out of 259 (72.6%) in the non-medical field (p= 0.002), with no significant effect of any demographic factor on the willingness to sign organ donation card. There was significant difference in the acceptance of donation from brain dead donors (p< 0.001), with participants from medical field and male participants having higher acceptance rates when compared with non-medical and female participants, respectively. The main barrier for organ donation was found to be the desire to be buried as a whole (58.2%), followed by traditional beliefs (47.4%), and family refusal (42.2%). Conclusions: In conclusion, an educational strategy can improve organ donation awareness from an early age by spreading actionable information through social media and conducting nationwide public campaigns.

P20 Parental understanding of concussion in youth rugby is significantly improved by viewing the RFU concussion education video

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. e31.1-e31
Author(s):  
T Samuel ◽  
K Aquilina ◽  
W Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Experience ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Composite Scores

ObjectivesTo investigate the current understanding parents have of concussion in their rugby-playing children aged 9–17.DesignCross-sectional studySubjects86 parents from four clubs completed an online questionnaireMethodsAreas covered (1) Parental experience of concussion (2) Rate of viewing of the RFU concussion educational video (RFUCEV), (3) Identification of symptoms of concussion (4) Understanding of the risk of concussion. Each participant was given a composite score, out of 19, based on their performance in symptom identification and true/false questions. Independent-sample two-tailed t-tests were conducted to analyse scores, primarily controlling for viewing of the RFUCEVResultsThere was a significant difference in the scores between the group that had viewed the RFUCEV (n=32, M=14.75, SD=2.55) and those who had not (n=54, M=13.05, SD=2.87); t(84)=2.75, p=0.00721. Additionally, over 25% of parents reported that their child had suffered a concussion, and this was also found to significantly improve the awareness score (p=0.04678)ConclusionsStatistically significant improvement in composite scores after viewing the RFUCEV makes it reasonable to require compulsory parental education prior to signing up a child to play rugby. This would build on the protocol changes made by the RFU in 2014 and further progress the safety of the sport. We suggest the video be improved to emphasise the areas highlighted as inadequately understood, including the increased risk of concussion in under-18s compared to adults.

Attitude towards online classes among school and college going students during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3446
Author(s):  
Saurav Kumar ◽  
Shiv Prakash ◽  
Mona Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
College Going ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of the school and college-going students towards online classes. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 school and college-going students fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria selected through purposive sampling methods. A semi-structured online questionnaire consisting of a socio-demographic questionnaire and Attitude towards online classes (ATOC) questionnaire was prepared by the researcher using Google form. The link of the questionnaire was sent to all the selected respondents through WhatsApp messages and emails. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20 software. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha test. The association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi-square tests. The comparison between variables was assessed using the students independent t-test.Results: More than half of the respondents (51.32%) were found with a positive attitude towards online classes. There was a significant association found between attitude towards online classes and socio-demographic variables such as age (p<0.05), academic level (p<0.05), and family income (p<0.01). The respondents who attended online classes (p<0.05), have technical knowledge (p<0.01), and got supported by their parents in the study (p<0.05) were found significantly high positive attitudes towards online classes. There was a significant difference found in the attitude of the respondents who faced psychological disturbances such as a decline in attention-concentration (p<0.05), irritation-anger (p<0.01), and tension (p<0.05) due to online classes.Conclusions: Although, online classes are more beneficial for the students and teachers in their academic activities during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic but it can’t take place of traditional face-to-face classes. 

Does medical students’ gender affect their clinical learning of gynaecological examination? A retrospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1112) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Thomas Wallbridge ◽  
Angela Holden ◽  
Aled Picton ◽  
Janesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gynaecological Examination

IntroductionMedical graduates should be competent in gynaecological examination as well as associated skills including speculum use and swabbing. Male and female medical students may have different opportunities to practise these skills in clinical environments, potentially impacting on confidence and competence. This study explores this further via reviewing students’ learning experience in genitourinary medicine (GUM) and obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) clinics.MethodsCross-sectional study of 759 year 4 and year 5 University of Birmingham medical students via an online questionnaire. This explored degree of participation, impact of gender and self-reported confidence.ResultsOverall response rate was 31% (233/759). Students of either gender who observed an examination being performed by a clinician were more likely to perform the same examination. Female students reported more opportunities to practise gynaecological examination and associated skills. Female students were more likely to be granted consent to perform speculum examinations, vaginal swabbing and vaginal bimanual examinations. Sixty-five per cent of male students felt that their gender affected their learning experience with female patients. Despite this, there was no significant difference in self-reported confidence level in performing gynaecological examinations between genders at the end of placement.ConclusionThe majority of male students perceived that their gender impacted their clinical experience in O&G and GUM. Self-reported confidence levels were unaffected, which could reflect varying approaches to competence between genders. The link between observing examinations and subsequent opportunities to practise is key. This could demonstrate students developing rapport and trust with patients, and clinicians’ roles as gatekeepers.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Severity and Comorbidities in Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Samimagham ◽  
Mehdi Hassani Azad ◽  
Mohsen Arabi ◽  
Dariush Hooshyar ◽  
Abbas Sheikhtaheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Severe Group

Background: This study aimed to investigate the demographic factors, comorbidities, and laboratory results of diabetic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 171 diabetic patients with COVID-19 admitted based on chest CT scan findings to the COVID-19 ward of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Hormozgan, Iran from 1 March to 1 June, 2020. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was performed, and the patients were divided into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe) based on the severity of disease. Then we investigated the demographic factors, comorbidities, and laboratory results of diabetic patients with severe COVID-19 severity. Results: Regarding comorbidities, there was no significant difference between the three groups. Moreover, there was a significantly lower lymphocyte count in the severe group compared to moderate and mild groups (P = 0.001). We showed the increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine to be significantly associated with increased disease severity (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). We also showed a significant difference in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels between different groups of patients (P = 0.002) with a higher level of AST in the severe group (P = 0.020). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and troponin were also significantly associated with an increase in COVID-19 severity in patients with diabetes (P = 0.013 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: There was a significant association between disease severity and BUN, creatinine, AST, LDH, and troponin levels in diabetic patients with COVID-19. There was no significant association between different groups regarding severity of disease and comorbidities.

scholarly journals Assumption of the Myths of Romantic Love: Its Relationship With Sex, Type of Sex-Affective Relationship, and Sexual Orientation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Cubells-Serra ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Sicilia ◽  
Priscila Astudillo-Mendoza ◽  
Neli Escandón-Nagel ◽  
María José Baeza-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Asymmetric Power ◽  
Heterosexual Hegemony

Romantic love promotes and lays the foundation for the development of hegemonic affective sex relationships, guiding the normative ways of feeling and experiencing love. This way of conceiving love is an intrinsic part of women's subordination, and it entails a greater tolerance for situations of violence in sex-affective relationships in which the exercise of asymmetric power relations between men and women is legitimized. With the current advent of the postmodern stage, a wide variety of dissident (non-heterosexual) sexual orientations with heterosexual hegemony have been given greater visibility and legitimacy, and new ways of relating to sex affectively have emerged initially opposed to traditional romantic discourse, the fundamental pillar of monogamy. The aim of the present work was to study whether these different ways of linking us and understanding affective sex relations marked a significant difference with respect to the heterosexual monogamous hegemonic model in the assumption of the mythified ideas of romantic love. Therefore, we studied the relationship between sex, sexual orientation, and the type of sex-affective relationship (monogamous or non-monogamous by consensus) in the assumption of the myths of romantic love. For this purpose, an instrument that showed appropriate psychometric properties was created, and a cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 1,235 people who completed a self-administered online questionnaire. The results indicated that there were no significant differences according to sex, but there were differences in sexual orientation and type of relationship. It may be concluded that a person, regardless of sex, heterosexual or homosexual, monogamous or who has never had affective sex relations, will have a significantly greater probability of assuming the myths of romantic love than a person with a sexual orientation other than heterosexual or homosexual and who is in a non-monogamous consensual relationship.

scholarly journals Occupational stress and its related demographic factors among Iranian CCU nurses: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Faraji ◽  
Mahtab Karimi ◽  
Seyyed Mohsen Azizi ◽  
Maryam Janatolmakan ◽  
Alireza Khatony
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Objectives Occupational stress can have an adverse effect on mental and physical health and performance of nurses. The aim of this study was to investigate the occupational stress of Iranian critical care unit (CCU) nurses and its related demographic factors. Results In this cross-sectional study, 155 CCU nurses were randomly selected. The Osipow Occupational Stress Questionnaire was used as data collection tool. The mean of nurses’ occupational stress was 210.13 ± 40.87 out of 300, which was at the “moderate-to-high” level. The highest mean of occupational stress was related to the subscale of “Role Overload” (36.30 ± 6.98) and the lowest mean was related to the subscale of “Physical Environment” (33.58 ± 9.76). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean occupational stress and variables of sex, age, academic degree and working experience.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Association of Selected Leisure Time Activities and Overweight in University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
K. Grendova ◽  
M. Machajova ◽  
K. Bartkova
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The aim was to analyze preferred free time activi- ties of adolescents / university students Design: Cross-sectional study Participants: The inclusion criteria for participants were full- time university students with amaximum age of 25 years. The study involved atotal of 173 students. Methodology:Data were collected by an online questionnaire and also by observing the behavior of university students. The obtained data were processed in the statistical program R-pro- ject. Statistically significant values are at the level of p ≤ 0.05. Statistical tests - chi square test and correlation - were used for the analysis. Results:The results show that university students prefer seden- tary activities in their free time, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing. University students spend several hours aday in front of their computer screen. Conclusion: The results proved that smoking had no effect on BMI values. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in BMI values in terms of the amount of time university students spend in front of their computer screen in their free time.

scholarly journals Food Allergy Knowledge and Attitudes Among School Teachers in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gassem Gohal
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: Food allergy topic has become more widely discussed in developed countries, but with less interest in Middle Eastern Arabian Countries. Objectives: The main objective of this paper is to assess the knowledge and perception of schoolteachers about food allergy. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among a sample of 360 school teachers between May 2013 and February 2014 in province of Jazan in Saudi Arabia, using a validated web-based self-administered survey. Results: The results revealed that almost (59.7%) of the schoolteachers had a medium insufficient knowledge about food allergy; only 17.3% had good knowledge about food allergy. Female teachers had higher knowledge scores (58.5 ± 17.2) as compared to male (51.8 ± 16.0) with statistically significant difference (p = 0.017). The majority of schoolteachers have a significantly poor knowledge in most of food allergy domains. More than half of responders either do not know or they disagree that the food allergy is a serious problem and can lead to death. Regression analysis revealed that participant’s level of knowledge is significantly associated with school teacher’s attitudes towards food allergy (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.39 - 0.92, p = 0.01), practice (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.11 - 2.56, p = 0.01), and years of experiences (OR = 1.8, 95% CI; 1.15 - 2.98, p = 0.011). Conclusion: Knowledge of food allergy among schoolteachers is not adequate, failing to recognize and treat fatal food allergy reactions necessitate an urgent need to set a school policy to improve the food allergy situation.

scholarly journals Exploring the Demographic Factors and Facilitators to Addiction Abstinence

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e1074
Author(s):  
Maryam Taghva ◽  
Ramin Shiraly ◽  
Ebrahim Moghimi Sarani
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Substance Addiction ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Related

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates a remarkable increase in substance addiction. Substance abuse and addiction impose severe social, political, economic, cultural and health-related damages on societies. Little is known, however, about demographic factors and facilitators to addiction abstinence. The purpose of the current study was to explore the factors associated with opioid avoidance.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed to record socio-de­mographic data and facilitating factors to abstinence in 600 interviews, according to data collecting forms, with patients who had drug abuse disorders at Shiraz city during 2016. Correlation test, T-test, and ANOVA were employed for data analysis. P<0.05 was considered as the significance level. Result: There was a significant difference between mean abstinence time and demographic factors such as age, sex, occupation and marital status. Also, 53% of people reported that they had the longest abstinence time using the narcotics anonymous (NA) method. TO 33% of patients, the most important facilitating factor in abstinence according to the patient's opinion was family support.Conclusion: Individual, social, psychosocial and medical variables affect the abstinence duration of substance abuse. Identifying the factors associated with longer abstinence can be helpful in designing prevention and treatment programs for variables that affect the recurrence.[GMJ.2018;7:e1074]

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of self-medication drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19: experience from a Middle Eastern country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Elayeh ◽  
Amal Akour ◽  
Randa Haddadin
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Active Involvement

Background Lack of definitive cure for COVID-19 and the late introduction of a vaccine were responsible to push the general public to look for a remedy to treat or prevent COVID-19. The objective of this study was to evaluate patterns and factors that affect self-medication practices in Jordan during the pandemic. Methods This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire that was developed, piloted and distributed to the general public via various social media platforms. The questionnaire assessed the type of drugs and treatments used to self -medicate, the reasons behind their self- medication, and the factors affecting their practices. Results A total of 1179 participants (females 46.4%) with a mean age of 32 (SD=12.5) completed the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of the use of at least one product to treat or prevent COVID-19 was 80.4 %. The most commonly used products to self-medicate were vitamin C (57.6%), followed by paracetamol (51.9%), zinc (44.8%) and vitamin D (32.5%). Female gender (odds ratio [OR]) = 1.603, working in the medical field (OR =1.697), and history of COVID-19 infection (OR =2.026) were variables associated with self-medication. The most common sources of participants’ information about drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19 were newspapers (n=519, 44.0%), followed by pharmacists (43.4%), friends (33.8%) and internet searching such as Google (30.7%). Conclusion This study identified the main drugs and supplements used during COVID-19 and the motives behind their use. It also identified the most influential source of information on the public during the pandemic. Self-medication can lead to worsening of the patient’s health and delay seeking medical advice from healthcare professionals. Efforts should be done to help mitigate risks of self-medications by active involvement of pharmacists and other members of healthcare team to refute false claims about drug, especially in the media.

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