scholarly journals The Investigation on Solution for Diseases Caused by Contingent Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. p37
Author(s):  
Mo Wang ◽  
Fengmei Hou ◽  
Bowen Hou ◽  
Junqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contingent Work ◽  
Contingent Employment ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Contingent work was deemed as a precarious employment which could be characterised by an atypical, temporary and marginal form of work arrangement. There is increasing evidence that contingent employment is significantly associated with adverse health outcomes and three health outcomes will be expounded in this paper: depressive disorders, work-related fatigue and occupational injuries. Simultaneously, fruitful micro-and macro-level precautionary and recovery measures are also be provided, including application of positive psychology interventions (PPI strategies), amelioration of work environments and social support, establishment of a fatigue risk management system (FRMS), and development of multifaceted approaches. Furthermore, various recommendations will be afforded to improve the sustainability and practicability of the aforementioned measures in the future research. Overall, the effective implementation of precautions aimed at health promotion and injury prevention for temporary workforce is of paramount importance to the healthy development of the nation.

scholarly journals Implementation of the mouse frailty index

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice E. Kane ◽  
Omar Ayaz ◽  
Anjali Ghimire ◽  
Hirad A. Feridooni ◽  
Susan E. Howlett
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

Frailty is considered a state of high vulnerability for adverse health outcomes for people of the same age. Those who are frail have higher mortality, worse health outcomes, and use more health care services than those who are not frail. Despite this, little is known about the biology of frailty, the effect of frailty on pharmacological or surgical outcomes, and potential interventions to attenuate frailty. In humans, frailty can be quantified using a frailty index (FI) based on the principle of deficit accumulation. The recent development of an FI in naturally ageing mice provides an opportunity to conduct frailty research in a validated preclinical model. The mouse FI has been successfully used across a wide range of applications; however, there are some factors that should be considered in implementing this tool. This review summarises the current literature, presents some original data, and suggests areas for future research on the current applications of the mouse FI, inter-rater reliability of the FI, the effect of observer characteristics and environmental factors on mouse FI scores, and the individual items that make up the FI assessment. The implementation of this tool into preclinical frailty research should greatly accelerate translational research in this important field.

scholarly journals Ambient PM2.5 Human Health Effects—Findings in China and Research Directions

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Miller ◽  
Xiaohong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) results in adverse health outcomes. Although this is a global concern, residents of China may be particularly vulnerable due to frequent severe air pollution episodes associated with economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization. Until 2012, PM2.5 was not regulated and monitored in China and annual average concentrations far exceeded the World Health Organizations guidelines of 10 μg/m3. Since the establishment of PM2.5 Ambient Air Quality Criteria in 2012, concentrations have decreased, but still pose significant health risks. A review of ambient PM2.5 health effect studies is warranted to evaluate the current state of knowledge and to prioritize future research efforts. Our review found that recent literature has confirmed associations between PM2.5 exposure and total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, hypertension, lung cancer, influenza and other adverse health outcomes. Future studies should take a long-term approach to verify associations between exposure to PM2.5 and health effects. In order to obtain adequate exposure assessment at finer spatial resolutions, high density sampling, satellite remote sensing, or models should be employed. Personal monitoring should also be conducted to validate the use of outdoor concentrations as proxies for exposure. More research efforts should be devoted to seasonal patterns, sub-population susceptibility, and the mechanism by which exposure causes health effects. Submicron and ultrafine PM should also be monitored and regulated.

Journalists and Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110160
Author(s):  
Jasmine B. MacDonald ◽  
Gene Hodgins ◽  
Anthony J. Saliba ◽  
Debra Ann Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Key Terms

Mental health research focusing on journalists has largely tended to give precedence to trauma exposure and subsequent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. However, there are several occupational factors that may be associated with the development of depressive symptoms in journalists. This systematic literature review aims to provide a concise, comprehensive, and systematic review of the quantitative literature relating to journalists’ experiences of depressive symptoms. The systematic literature review method adopted was based on that prescribed by Fink and contains three main elements: sampling the literature, screening the literature, and extracting data. Key terms were developed and used to source appropriate studies from several electronic databases, a hand search of reference lists was conducted, and authors were contacted to suggest examples of their own work not yet sampled. The sample included 13 quantitative studies reported in English language. Journalists most at risk of experiencing depressive symptoms had (1) greater exposure to work-related and personal trauma, (2) experienced threats to themselves or their family, and (3) reduced levels of family and peer support, social acknowledgment, and education. An area for further investigation is the prevalence and experiences of specific depressive disorders within the journalist population. There are a number of theoretical and methodological issues that can be addressed in future research.

scholarly journals The Psychobiology of Bereavement and Health: A Conceptual Review From the Perspective of Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annina Seiler ◽  
Roland von Känel ◽  
George M. Slavich
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Signal ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Losing a spouse is considered one of the most stressful life events a person can experience. Particularly in the immediate weeks and months after the loss, bereavement is associated with a significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Despite an abundance of research aimed at identifying risk factors for adverse health outcomes following marital death, the mechanisms through which mental and physical health problems emerge following bereavement remain poorly understood. To address this issue, the present review examines several pathways that may link bereavement and health, including inflammation and immune dysregulation, genetic and epigenetic changes, gut microbiota activity, and biological aging. We then describe how these processes may be viewed from the perspective of the Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression to provide a novel framework for understanding individual differences in long-term trajectories of adjustment to interpersonal loss. Finally, we discuss several avenues for future research on psychobiological mechanisms linking bereavement with mental and physical health outcomes.

scholarly journals Racism and Health: Evidence and Needed Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Williams ◽  
Jourdyn A. Lawrence ◽  
Brigette A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Cultural Racism ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

In recent decades, there has been remarkable growth in scientific research examining the multiple ways in which racism can adversely affect health. This interest has been driven in part by the striking persistence of racial/ethnic inequities in health and the empirical evidence that indicates that socioeconomic factors alone do not account for racial/ethnic inequities in health. Racism is considered a fundamental cause of adverse health outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities and racial/ethnic inequities in health. This article provides an overview of the evidence linking the primary domains of racism—structural racism, cultural racism, and individual-level discrimination—to mental and physical health outcomes. For each mechanism, we describe key findings and identify priorities for future research. We also discuss evidence for interventions to reduce racism and describe research needed to advance knowledge in this area.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIC INTERNET USE AND HEALTH OUTCOMES: DOES TRAIT SELF-CONTROL MATTER?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najafi Auwal Ibrahim ◽  
Kabiru Maitama Kura ◽  
Salihu Ibrahim Dasuki ◽  
Abubakar Mohammed Alkali
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Study Participants

Problematic internet use is prevalent among university students, and it has been associated with increased adverse health outcomes. The results of existing research are mixed regarding the effects of problematic internet use on health outcomes. To resolve this ambiguity, we drew upon the self-control theory and person-situation interaction model to propose trait self-control as a moderator in the relationship between problematic internet use and adverse health outcomes. The study participants comprised 273 students from both public and private universities in Nigeria. Results reveal that problematic internet use is a significant predictor of adverse health outcomes. However, we find no evidence to support our postulated Hypothesis that trait selfcontrol moderates the effects of problematic internet use on adverse health outcomes. Implications, limitations, and potential for future research are highlighted.  

Development and Construct Validation of the German Workplace Trust Survey (G-WTS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock ◽  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Workplace Trust

In research on trust in the organizational context, there is some agreement evolving that trust should be measured with respect to various foci. The Workplace Trust Survey (WTS) by Ferres (2002) provides reliable assessment of coworker, supervisor, and organizational trust. By means of a functionally equivalent translation, we developed a German version of the questionnaire (G-WTS) comprising 21 items. A total of 427 employees were surveyed with the G-WTS and questionnaires concerning several work-related attitudes and behaviors and 92 of these completed the survey twice. The hypothesized three-dimensional conceptualization of organizational trust was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The G-WTS showed good internal consistency and retest reliability values. Concerning convergent validity, all of the three G-WTS dimensions positively predicted job satisfaction. In terms of discriminant validity, Coworker Trust enhanced group cohesion; Supervisor Trust fostered innovative behavior, while Organizational Trust was associated with affective commitment. Theoretical and practical contributions as well as opportunities for future research with the G-WTS are discussed.

The New Geriatric Syndromes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Animesh Gupta ◽  
Soumya K. Inamadar ◽  
Ashish Goel
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Geriatric syndromes consist of common clinical conditions affecting the elderly population. They lead to multiple, interacting medical and social deficits that increase the risk of adverse health outcomes, including dependence, institutionalization and also death. Research over the last few decades, in this area of medicine, has led to evolution of newer syndromes that pose a greater challenge to the physician. The present review aims to provide a synopsis of some of the newer syndromes like frailty, osteosarcopenia, sleep disorders and oropharyngeal dysphagia that have emerged in geriatric literature in recent times.

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