scholarly journals INCIDENCE AND VIRULENCE TRAITS OF CANDIDA DUBLINIENSIS ISOLATED FROM CLINICALLY SUSPECTED PATIENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Vinodhini ◽  
Kannaiyan Moorthy ◽  
Mickymaray Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Differential Medium ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

            Objective: Fungal infections are caused by Candida species are increasing mainly in immunocompromised patients. Among Candida species, Candida dubliniensis has recently increasing opportunistic pathogenic yeast. The present study was aimed to assess the incidence and virulence factors of C. dubliniensis isolated from urine samples of various hospitalized clinically suspected patients. Methods: Totally 1,406 urine samples were processed, among that 9(0.64%) were identified as C. dubliniensis by germ tube production, biochemical test (Candida identification kit), CHROM agar Candida differential medium and growth at 45°C. Virulence factors of the C. dubliniensis viz., phospholipase, proteinase, esterase, lipase, haemolysin and biofilm production were detected by standard procedures. Results: Maximum number of C.dubliniensis have ability to produce protienase 6(66.66%), followed by esterase 5(55.55%), biofilm formation 4(44.44%), haemolysin 2(22.22%) and phospholipase, lipase 1(11.1%) respectively. Conclusion: The result revealed that these enzymes are potential virulence factors are the most important thing to realize pathogenesis of C. dubliniensis. 

scholarly journals The Effect of Zuccagnia punctata, an Argentine Medicinal Plant, on Virulence Factors from Candida Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuño Gabriela ◽  
Alberto María Rosa ◽  
Zampini Iris Catiana ◽  
Cuello Soledad ◽  
Ordoñez Roxana Mabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Invasion Mechanisms ◽  
Candida Biofilm

Zuccagnia punctata Cav. has been used as a traditional medicine in Argentina for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Z. punctata extract (ZpE) and compounds isolated from it to inhibit the growth and virulence factors of Candida species. ZpE showed inhibitory activity against planktonic cells of all assayed Candida species with MIC values of 400 μg/mL and with MFC values between 400 and 1,200 μg/mL. The principal identified compounds by HPLC-MS/MS and UV-VIS were chalcones (2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxychalcone, 2′,4′- dihydroxychalcone), flavones (galangin, 3,7-dihydroxyflavone and chrysin) and flavanones (naringenin, 7-hydroxyflavanone and pinocembrine). These compounds were more effective as inhibitors than the extracts upon biofilm formation as well as on preformed Candida biofilm and yeast germ tube formation. Furthermore, ZpE and chalcones are able to inhibit exoenzymes, which are responsible for the invasion mechanisms of the pathogens. All these effects could moderate colonization, thereby suppressing the pathogen invasive potential. Our results indicate that ZpE and chalcones could be used in antifungal therapy.

scholarly journals How Fungal Glycans Modulate Platelet Activation via Toll-Like Receptors Contributing to the Escape of Candida albicans from the Immune Response

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Jawhara
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Fungal Polysaccharides ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

Platelets are essential for vascular repair and for the maintenance of blood homeostasis. They contribute to the immune defence of the host against many infections caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi. Following infection, platelet function is modified, and these cells form aggregates with microorganisms leading, to a decrease in the level of circulating platelets. During candidaemia, mannans, β-glucans and chitin, exposed on the cell wall of Candida albicans, an opportunistic pathogenic yeast of humans, play an important role in modulation of the host response. These fungal polysaccharides are released into the circulation during infection and their detection allows the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. However, their role in the modulation of the immune response and, in particular, that of platelets, is not well understood. The structure and solubility of glycans play an important role in the orientation of the immune response of the host. This short review focuses on the effect of fungal β-glucans and chitin on platelet activation and how these glycans modulate platelet activity via Toll-like receptors, contributing to the escape of C. albicans from the immune response.

scholarly journals Chronic vulvovaginitis caused by Candida dubliniensis in an immunologically competent adult female

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Ketan Kolekar ◽  
Swagata Tambe ◽  
Rashmi Aderao ◽  
Chitra Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Life Threatening

Candida, a commensal dimorphic fungus, is the most common microorganism that causes opportunistic fungal infections worldwide. It can cause diseases ranging from superficial mucosal infections to disseminated, systemic life-threatening infections. Among Candida species, Candida albicans is the most common infectious agent. Nowadays, non- albicans Candida species are also emerging as significant pathogens. Candida dubliniensis has been implicated as a causative agent of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected individuals but has also been recovered from HIV non-infected individuals with oral candidiasis and rarely from the genital tract of women with vaginitis. Such cases have been under-reported due to phenotypic resemblance to C. albicans. The majority of C. dubliniensis clinical isolates tested to date have been susceptible to fluconazole, but they tend to develop resistance rapidly. Here, we report a case of chronic vulvovaginitis due to C. dubliniensis not responding to standard doses of fluconazole.

scholarly journals Review of T-2307, an Investigational Agent That Causes Collapse of Fungal Mitochondrial Membrane Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Wiederhold
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Candida Auris

Invasive infections caused by Candida that are resistant to clinically available antifungals are of increasing concern. Increasing rates of fluconazole resistance in non-albicans Candida species have been documented in multiple countries on several continents. This situation has been further exacerbated over the last several years by Candida auris, as isolates of this emerging pathogen that are often resistant to multiple antifungals. T-2307 is an aromatic diamidine currently in development for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. This agent has been shown to selectively cause the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential in yeasts when compared to mammalian cells. In vitro activity has been demonstrated against Candida species, including C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. auris strains, which are resistant to azole and echinocandin antifungals. Activity has also been reported against Cryptococcus species, and this has translated into in vivo efficacy in experimental models of invasive candidiasis and cryptococcosis. However, little is known regarding the clinical efficacy and safety of this agent, as published data from studies involving humans are not currently available.

scholarly journals Symbiotic NCR Peptide Fragments Affect the Viability, Morphology and Biofilm Formation of Candida Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3666
Author(s):  
Bettina Szerencsés ◽  
Attila Gácser ◽  
Gabriella Endre ◽  
Ildikó Domonkos ◽  
Hilda Tiricz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Anticandidal Activity

The increasing rate of fungal infections causes global problems not only in human healthcare but agriculture as well. To combat fungal pathogens limited numbers of antifungal agents are available therefore alternative drugs are needed. Antimicrobial peptides are potent candidates because of their broad activity spectrum and their diverse mode of actions. The model legume Medicago truncatula produces >700 nodule specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides in symbiosis and many of them have in vitro antimicrobial activities without considerable toxicity on human cells. In this work we demonstrate the anticandidal activity of the NCR335 and NCR169 peptide derivatives against five Candida species by using the micro-dilution method, measuring inhibition of biofilm formation with the XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide) assay, and assessing the morphological change of dimorphic Candida species by microscopy. We show that both the N- and C-terminal regions of NCR335 possess anticandidal activity as well as the C-terminal sequence of NCR169. The active peptides inhibit biofilm formation and the yeast-hypha transformation. Combined treatment of C. auris with peptides and fluconazole revealed synergistic interactions and reduced 2-8-fold the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Our results demonstrate that shortening NCR peptides can even enhance and broaden their anticandidal activity and therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Candidaemia, Invasive Aspergillosis and Antifungal Consumption in a Tertiary Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Juan Vicente Mulet Bayona ◽  
Nuria Tormo Palop ◽  
Carme Salvador García ◽  
Begoña Fuster Escrivá ◽  
Mercedes Chanzá Aviñó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
The Third ◽  
Antifungal Consumption ◽  
Hospital General

In addition to the increase in fungal infections that has been observed in the last few decades, it has been reported that severe clinical COVID-19 can increase the risk of invasive fungal infections. The main objective of this study was to evaluate if there had been an increase in candidaemia and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) cases since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data were retrospectively collected from April 2019 to March 2021, from patients admitted to Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia (Spain). A total of 152 candidaemia cases (56 of which were due to Candida auris) and 108 possible IPA cases were detected. A great increase in candidaemia cases was produced during the first and the third epidemic waves of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (June 2020, and January 2021, respectively), while an increase in IPA cases was produced during the third wave. The 28-day mortality rates in patients affected by candidaemia and IPA increased in 2020 and 2021. C. auris has displaced the other Candida species, becoming the most isolated Candida species in blood cultures since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Antifungal consumption increased in 2020 when compared to 2019, especially echinocandins, voriconazole and isavuconazole.

Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: Secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Jie Lim ◽  
Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali ◽  
Suriana Sabri ◽  
Noor Dina Muhd Noor ◽  
Abu Bakar Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Aspartyl Proteinases

Abstract Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida spp. especially Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Although the medicinal therapeutic strategies have rapidly improved, the mortality rate due to candidiasis has continuously increased. The secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors (VFs) are responsible for fungal invasion, damage and translocation through the host enterocytes besides the evasion from host immune system. VFs such as agglutinin-like sequences (Als), heat shock protein 70, phospholipases, secreted aspartyl proteinases (Sap), lipases, enolases and phytases are mostly hydrolases which degrade the enterocyte membrane components except for candidalysin, the VF acts as a peptide toxin to induce necrotic cell lysis. To date, structural studies of the VFs remain underexplored, hindering their functional analyses. Among the VFs, only secreted aspartyl proteinases and agglutinin-like sequences have their structures deposited in Protein Data Bank (PDB). Therefore, this review scrutinizes the mechanisms of these VFs by discussing the VF-deficient studies of several Candida spp. and their abilities to produce these VFs. Nonetheless, their latest reported sequential and structural analyses are discussed to impart a wider perception of the host-pathogen interactions and potential vaccine or antifungal drug targets. This review signifies that more VFs structural investigations and mining in the emerging Candida spp. are required to decipher their pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms compared to the prominent C. albicans. Lay Abstract Candida virulence factors (VFs) including mainly enzymes and proteins play vital roles in breaching the human intestinal barrier and causing deadly candidiasis. Limited VFs’ structural studies hinder deeper comprehension of their mechanisms and thus the design of vaccines and antifungal drugs against fungal infections.

Molecular diagnosis and antifungal resistance and biofilm production profiles among Candida species isolated from immunocompromised patients at Menoufia University Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Mabrouk M Ghonaim ◽  
Azza Z. Labeeb ◽  
Alyaa I. Eliwa ◽  
Eman H. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Vitek 2

Background: Accurate and rapid identification of Candida species is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis due to emergences of drug-resistant strains especially among immunocompromised patients. Objectives: Identification of Candida clinical isolates to the species level using different phenotypic and molecular methods. Biofilm-forming ability and antifungal resistance were also studied. Methodology: Sixty-nine Candida strains were isolated from 220 immunocompromised patients. Identification was performed using chromogenic Candida agar, VITEK 2 system and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Biofilm formation was detected by the tube method and antifungal susceptibility was tested using the VITEK2 system. Results: The most common source of Candida isolates was from urine (33.3%) and ICUs (56.6%). VITEK 2 system detected 9 spp.: C. albicans (34.8%), C. tropicalis (21.7%), C. famata (8.7%), C. lusitaniae (7.2%), C. cruzi (7.2%), C. ciferri (5.8%), C. dubliniensis (5.8%), C. parapsilosis (5.8 %) and C. glabrata. Candida isolates showed high resistance to flucytocine (49.3%), and high sensitivity to fluconazole, micafungin, voriconazole and caspofungin (88.4%, 81.2% and 81.2 % respectively). Only 30.4% of all Candida isolates were biofilm producers. There was a positive relationship between antifungal resistance and biofilm formation among Candida isolates. Conclusion: C. albicans was the predominant species. Chromogenic Candida agar and VITEK 2 system were valuable tests compared to PCR in speciation of Candida isolates. Antifungal susceptibility was significantly related to biofilm production and its evaluation is important for proper treatment..

Studies of Virulence Factors of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Avian Colibacillosis by In vitro Method and PCR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayushi Singh ◽  
Daljeet Chhabra ◽  
Rakhi Gangil ◽  
Rakesh Sharda ◽  
Ravi Sikrodia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stx1 Gene

Background: Avian colibacillosis is considered as major cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry. It is a common bacterial disease of poultry and many virulence factors of E. coli are associated with the disease. The current study was aimed to investigate the presence of some virulence factors of E. coli isolated from the cases of colibacillosis.Methods: In present study, total 150 samples (liver, heart, lungs, air sacs and feaces) of chicken exhibiting pathological conditions of colibacillosis were collected from various poultry farms (organized and backyard) situated in and around Mhow and Indore cities. E.coli was isolated and identified from the samples on the basis of cultural characteristics and biochemical test. All E. coli isolates were further subjected to evaluate the presence of virulence factors such as biofilm production, haemolysis, invasiveness and molecular detection of fimH and stx1 gene.Result: Out of these 51.33% of incidence of E. coli was recorded. E. coli O84 and O149 serotypes were found most prevalent. Out of 77 isolates, 46 (59.7%) and 45 (58.4%) were positive for biofilm formation by tube method and modified CRA method, respectively. All E. coli isolates were showing invasiveness in congo red binding assay while none of the isolates was found haemolytic. Molecular detection revealed the presence of fimH (508bp) gene in 33.3% of tested samples while stx1 gene could not be detected in any isolates.

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