scholarly journals IS THERE TREATMENT EFFECT OF VINPOCETINE ON AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN RATS WITH ALZHEIMER

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Azizuddin Khan ◽  
Nazan Dolu ◽  
Seda Gündüz ◽  
Ali Yucel Kara ◽  
Hale Acer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Sympathetic Skin Response ◽  
Group V ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Group A ◽  
Conductance Level

Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows less autonomic dysfunction. There was lack of response or prolongation of its latency in skin sympathetic response. Vinpocetine is a classic inhibitor of PDE1 activity. Vinpocetine treatment has been shown to enhance performance on cognitive tests in humans. The efficacy of the use of vinpocetine in clinical trials has been controversial. A comparison of multiple studies evaluating vinpocetine use in Alzheimer's disease  AD was recently conducted. Objective: Our first aim was to assess dysautonomia in rat with Alzheimer's disease  AD electrophysiologically, using sympathetic skin response (SSR) test. The second aim in this study, evaluate of the effect of vinpocetine treatment on Alzheimer autonomic dysfunction and attention deficiency.Method: Rats were divided into four groups: Sham group (Group C, i.p. saline), Alzheimer group (Group A), Vinpocetine group (Group V, 5mg/kg, every other day, i.p.), Alzheimer+ Vinpocetine group (Group AV). Alzheimer's disease was induced in old male rats by AlCl3 (40 mg/kg i.p.) and D-Galactose (90 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks. Then Skin Conductance Level (SCL), which is a sympathetic skin response parameter, was measured as tonic (no-stimuli period, 2 min) and phasic SSR (simultaneously with 15 auditory stimuli, 10 min). Tonic SSR is useful to investigate general states of arousal and alertness, while phasic SSR is useful to study multifaceted attentional processes (related to novelty, intensity). Results: SCL was difference among groups (tonic: F=21.47, p≤0.000; phasic: F=9.86, p≤0.000). Skin conductance level (SCL) was statistically lower in Group A than Group C (p≤0.005) and Group V (p≤0.000). SCL of Group V was statistically higher then Group C (p≤0.04), Group A (p≤0.000) and Group AV (p≤0.000). SCL of Group AV was lower than Group C’s (p≤0.01). Conclusion: There were no statistically difference between Group A and Group AV. We concluded that autonomic disturbances accompanied Alzheimer's disease and vinpocetine treatment couldn’t ameliorate this disturbance. Keywords: Autonomic dysfunction, Dysautonomia, Inhibitor, Skin conductance level, Sympathetic skin response  

Clinical and Functional Assessment of Dysautonomia and Its Correlation in Alzheimer’s Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 592-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Zakrzewska-Pniewska ◽  
Malgorzata Gawel ◽  
Elzbieta Szmidt-Salkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Kepczynska ◽  
Monika Nojszewska
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Sympathetic Skin Response ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
The Relationship

The aims were to assess dysautonomia in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), clinically and electrophysiologically, using sympathetic skin response (SSR) test and R-R interval variation (RRIV) test and to analyze the relationship between symptoms of dysautonomia and SSR/RRIV results. A tota of 54 patients with AD and 37 controls were evaluated using Autonomic Symptoms Questionnaire and SSR/RRIV test. Clinical dysautonomia was observed in 66% of patients (eg, orthostatic hypotension in 34.5%, constipation in 17.2%, urinary incontinence in 13.8%). The SSR test was abnormal in 26%, but the RRIV test was abnormal in 97.7% of cases; there was significant difference in RRIV test results between AD and controls (R mean 8.05% and 14.6%, respectively). In AD, clinical dysautonomia occurs at a various degree, and the abnormal SSR and RRIV test results were not always related to the presence of clinical dysautonomia; this observation points that the tests could be used as a useful tool in the assessment of subclinical dysautonomia.

Emotional processing and the autonomic nervous system: a comprehensive meta-analytic investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Silva Moreira ◽  
Pedro Chaves ◽  
Nuno Dias ◽  
Patrício Costa ◽  
Pedro Rocha Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analytic Investigation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Conductance Level

Background: The search for autonomic correlates of emotional processing has been a matter of interest for the scientific community with the goal of identifying the physiological basis of emotion. Despite an extensive state-of-the-art exploring the correlates of emotion, there is no absolute consensus regarding how the body processes an affective state.Objectives: In this work, we aimed to aggregate the literature of psychophysiological studies in the context of emotional induction. Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analytic investigation, comparing different measures from the electrodermal, cardiovascular, respiratory and facial systems across emotional categories/dimensions. Two-hundred and ninety-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were quantitatively pooled in random-effects meta-analytic modelling. Results: Heart rate and skin conductance level were the most reported psychophysiological measures. Overall, there was a negligible differentiation between emotional categories with respect to the pooled estimates. Of note, considerable amount of between-studies’ heterogeneity was found in the meta-analytic aggregation. Self-reported ratings of emotional arousal were found to be associated with specific autonomic-nervous system (ANS) indices, particularly with the variation of the skin conductance level. Conclusions: Despite this clear association, there is still a considerable amount of unexplained variability that raises the need for more fine-grained analysis to be implemented in future research in this field.

scholarly journals DNA Damage-Induced Neurodegeneration in Accelerated Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6748
Author(s):  
Heling Wang ◽  
Sofie Lautrup ◽  
Domenica Caponio ◽  
Jianying Zhang ◽  
Evandro F. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Werner Syndrome ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Energy Deprivation

DNA repair ensures genomic stability to achieve healthy ageing, including cognitive maintenance. Mutations on genes encoding key DNA repair proteins can lead to diseases with accelerated ageing phenotypes. Some of these diseases are xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA, caused by mutation of XPA), Cockayne syndrome group A and group B (CSA, CSB, and are caused by mutations of CSA and CSB, respectively), ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T, caused by mutation of ATM), and Werner syndrome (WS, with most cases caused by mutations in WRN). Except for WS, a common trait of the aforementioned progerias is neurodegeneration. Evidence from studies using animal models and patient tissues suggests that the associated DNA repair deficiencies lead to depletion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), resulting in impaired mitophagy, accumulation of damaged mitochondria, metabolic derailment, energy deprivation, and finally leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss. Intriguingly, these features are also observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia affecting more than 50 million individuals worldwide. Further studies on the mechanisms of the DNA repair deficient premature ageing diseases will help to unveil the mystery of ageing and may provide novel therapeutic strategies for AD.

Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing versus exposure in vivo

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Muris ◽  
Harald Merckelbach ◽  
Hans Van Haaften ◽  
Birgit Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
Conductance Level

BackgroundEye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new therapeutic technique that has been proposed as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety complaints.MethodWe compared the efficacy of EMDR with that of exposure in viv. in the treatment of a specific phobia. Twenty-two spider-phobic children who met the DSM – III – R criteria for specific phobia participated in the study. Children were treated with one session of exposure in viv. and one session of EMDR in a crossover design. Treatment outcome was evaluated by self-report measures, a behavioural avoidance test and a physiological index (skin conductance level).ResultsResults showed positive effects of EMDR, but also suggest that it is especially self-report measures that are sensitive to EMDR. Improvement on a behavioural measure was less pronounced, and exposure in viv. was found to be superior in reducing avoidance behaviour. With regard to skin conductance level, EMDR and exposure in viv. did not differ.ConclusionsEMDR has no additional value in treatment of this type of animal phobia, for which exposure in viv. is the treatment of choice.

scholarly journals Alzheimer disease neuropathology:understanding autonomic dysfunction

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliasz Engelhardt ◽  
Jerson Laks
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Vital Functions

Abstract Alzheimer's disease is a widely studied disorder with research focusing on cognitive and functional impairments, behavioral and psychological symptoms, and on abnormal motor manifestations. Despite the importance of autonomic dysfunctions they have received less attention in systematic studies. The underlying neurodegenerative process of AD, mainly affecting cortical areas, has been studied for more than one century. However, autonomic-related structures have not been studied neuropathologically with the same intensity. The autonomic nervous system governs normal visceral functions, and its activity is expressed in relation to homeostatic needs of the organism's current physical and mental activities. The disease process leads to autonomic dysfunction or dysautonomy possibly linked to increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Objective: The aim of this review was to analyze the cortical, subcortical, and more caudal autonomic-related regions, and the specific neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease that affects these structures. Methods: A search for papers addressing autonomic related-structures affected by Alzheimer's degeneration, and under normal condition was performed through MedLine, PsycInfo and Lilacs, on the bibliographical references of papers of interest, together with a manual search for classic studies in older journals and books, spanning over a century of publications. Results: The main central autonomic-related structures are described, including cortical areas, subcortical structures (amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem, cerebellum) and spinal cord. They constitute autonomic neural networks that underpin vital functions. These same structures, affected by specific Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration, were also described in detail. The autonomic-related structures present variable neurodegenerative changes that develop progressively according to the degenerative stages described by Braak and Braak. Conclusion: The neural networks constituted by the central autonomic-related structures, when damaged by progressive neurodegeneration, represent the neuropathological substrate of autonomic dysfunction. The presence of this dysfunction and its possible relationship with higher rates of morbidity, and perhaps of mortality, in affected subjects must be kept in mind when managing Alzheimer's patients.

scholarly journals Physiological synchrony promotes cooperative success in real-life interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Behrens ◽  
J. A. Snijdewint ◽  
R. G. Moulder ◽  
E. Prochazkova ◽  
E. E. Sjak-Shie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Gut Feelings ◽  
The Face ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
Conductance Level

AbstractCooperation is pivotal for society to flourish and prosper. To ease cooperation, humans express and read emotions and intentions via explicit signals or subtle reflections of arousal visible in the face. Evidence is accumulating that humans synchronize these nonverbal expressions, as well as the physiological mechanisms underlying them, potentially promoting cooperative behavior. The current study is designed to verify the existence of this putative linkage between synchrony and cooperation. To that extent, 152 participants played multiple rounds of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game in a naturalistic dyadic interaction setting. During one round of games they could see each other, and during a second round they could not. The results showed that when people’s heart rate and skin conductance level aligned, they cooperated more successfully. Interestingly, for skin conductance level synchrony to boost cooperation, face to face contact was essential. The effect of heart rate synchrony on cooperation was context independent. Skin conductance level, but not heart rate, tended to closely correlate with changes in pupil size and we discuss how the pupil might provide a window to partners’ sympathetic arousal. These findings show how unconscious mechanisms guide social behavior and emphasize the importance of studying social processes between rather than within individuals in real-life interactions.Significance StatementHuman cooperation is remarkable in its scale, complexity, and efficiency. However, whereas people think of themselves as rational agents, they actually partly base their decision to cooperate with someone on gut feelings. These feelings are informed by non-verbal expressions that are picked up implicitly and that synchronize across interaction partners. For the first time, we show that the alignment of people’s arousal over multiple rounds of the Prisoners’ dilemma game predicts cooperative success. Through synchrony, partners converge emotionally, fostering understanding and bonding, which are key ingredients when it comes to successful cooperation. This suggests that successfully cooperating does not depend on individuals, but on the connection between individuals, emphasizing the importance of studying social decision-making processes in real-life settings.

A NOVEL EIGENVECTOR-BASED METHOD TO DETECT MILD ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE USING EVENT-RELAT

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
B.L. Brown ◽  
S.B. Hendrix ◽  
M. Cecchi ◽  
J.M. Scott ◽  
J.W. Silcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
P Values ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
Prognostic Utility ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Group A

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are a physiological measure of cognitive function that have shown diagnostic and prognostic utility in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we used a novel eigenvector-based technique to better understand brain electrophysiological differences between subjects with mild AD and healthy controls (HC). Using ERPs from 75 subjects with mild AD and 95 HC, we first calculated cognitive task eigenvectors within each subject from three conditions and then calculated second-order eigenvector components to compare the AD group to the HC group. A MANOVA of the three second-level components discriminated between AD and HC multivariately (Wilks’ lambda=.4297, p<0.0001, R2 = .5703), and also on each of the three components univariately (all 3 p-values<0.0001). The eigenvector-based technique used in this study accurately discriminated between the mild AD group and HC. As such, this analysis method adds to our understanding of the differences in ERP signal between AD and HC, and could provide a sensitive biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of AD progression.

scholarly journals It’s not over yet: The impact of worry on emotional recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204380872092994
Author(s):  
Jayne Morriss ◽  
Nicolò Biagi ◽  
Carien M. van Reekum
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
Emotional Recovery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conductance Level

Emotional reactivity and recovery are crucial for maintaining well-being. It remains unknown, however, to what extent emotion modulates the time course of recovery assessed using a simple categorization task and how this varies based on individual differences in worry. To address these questions, 35 participants viewed emotional pictures, followed by abstract greeble targets, which were to be categorized. Greebles were presented between 100 ms and 4,000 ms after picture offset. Physiological measures including skin conductance level and the corrugator supercilii were recorded and served as indicators of responsivity to emotional pictures. Measures of reaction time (RT) and accuracy scores were taken as indicators of the impact of emotion on facilitation or interference to the greeble target. Effects of interference and facilitation were observed up to 4,000 ms after emotional pictures on RT and accuracy scores. High worry was associated with greater (1) corrugator supercilii and skin conductance level to negative versus positive and neutral pictures and (2) interference from emotional pictures on accuracy scores. Overall, these findings suggest that subsequent processing is still impacted up to 4,000 ms after the offset of emotional pictures, particularly for negative events in individuals with high worry.

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