PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY OF AN IMPORTANT UNANI DRUG BAZR-UL-BANJ (HYOSCYAMUS NIGER LINN.) – REVIEW

Objective: Bazr-ul-Banj syn. Ajwain khurasani (Hyoscyamus niger Linn.) is one of the important drug mentioned in Unani literature. It mentioned by the great Unani philosopher Dioscorides (first century AD) in his treatise Kitab-al-Hashaish. According to Unani philosophy, Bazr-ul-Banj is in third-degree category according to its temperamental nature. H. niger Linn. contains tropane alkaloids in good quantity, mainly hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Methods: Unani classical literature was searched from recent to past available in different libraries. For phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical studies to prove, the importance computerized databases such as Medline, PubMed, Ovid SP, Google Scholar, and Science-direct were searched. All the information of plant available in Urdu, Persian, Arabic, and studies published abstract were included in the study. Results: Fourteen Unani books were referred and 18 pharmacological studies were recognized. The action of Bazr-ul-Banj mentioned in Unani classical literature are Hazim (Digestive), Mudammil (Cicatrizant), Mujaffif (Dessicant), Mukhaddir (Anesthetic), Munashshi (Narcotic), Munawwim (Hypnotic), Musakkin (Sedative), Musakkin-e-Alam (Analgesic), Raade (divertive), Qabiz (Astringent), etc., and useful in Amraz-e-asbania (nervous affections), Amraz-e-Raham (uterine spasm and pain), Dard wa Alam (pain), Ikhtelaj-e-Qalb (palpitation), Junoon (mania), Niqras (Gout), Zeequn Nafas (Bronchial asthma), etc. H. niger Linn. showed many pharmacological effects included antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antihypertensive, and antidiarrheal activities in different clinical and experimental studies. Conclusion: This presentation is an attempt to showcase the action, uses mentioned in Unani literature, chemical constituent, and pharmacological and toxicological effects at one place. It may also observe that the drug is having many actions which may be beneficial in cases of COVID-19. It may be concluded this should be tested as adjuvant medicine in cases of COVID-19.

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BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF Guazuma ulmifolia Lamark.- SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

DESAFIOS Revista Interdisciplinar da Universidade Federal do Tocantins ◽

10.20873/uftv6-6006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 54-65

Author(s):

Elga Lopes Cunha ◽

Simone Santos Oliveira Barros ◽

Michele Cezimbra Perim ◽

Klismam Marques dos Santos ◽

Maria Laura Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Clinical Test ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽

Different Parts

ABSTRACT The Guazuma ulmifolia Lamark (Malvaceae) is a non-endemic plant, popularly known as mutamba. Its leaves and roots are used in home remedies against dysentery and diarrhea, in the treatment of prostate, as a uterine stimulant and other diseases. Due to the characteristics presented and the growing interest in this species, a systematic review was carried out on the possible pharmacological and toxicological effects of Guazuma ulmifolia Lamark. As active compounds, the articles cited the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds and steroids in different parts of the plant and extracted with different solvents. Regarding the experimental studies, no articles were found with clinical test, and only 4 in vivo studies. About the pharmacological effects we can mention activity against leishmaniasis, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, anti-obesity, antiseptic, cicatrizant and anthelmintic. The registered toxicological tests were directed against lineages of cancer cells, proving effective, however, there is a need for studies to attest the safety of G. ulmifolia use by the population. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out further studies to ensure the use of this plant, to know doses and form of indication, as well as clinical studies in order to guarantee a correct therapy. Keywords: Guazuma ulmifolia, toxicity, medicinal plants.

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A brief review on Nux vomica: A panacea homoeopathic remedy

Journal of Integrated Standardized Homoeopathy ◽

10.25259/jish_3_2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

Tayyeba Rehman

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Database Search ◽

High Grade ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Electronic Database ◽

High Grade Fever ◽

Behavioural Patterns ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

Electronic Database Search

Strychnos nux-vomica is a homoeopathic remedy that has long been considered a panacea. This review collected the clinical trials and/or experimental studies on the pharmacological effects of Nux vomica. An electronic database search was run on Google Scholar and PubMed from 1980 to 2018. Data from homoeopathic texts available on paper and electronically were also included. Conventionally, Nux vomica is a medicine for alcoholism, anger effects of, colic, constipation, dyspepsia, gastrodynia, haemorrhoids, tea and tobacco habit, insomnia, nightmares, lumbago and many more diseases. Various pharmacological studies have proved its anti-alcoholic effect. Studies also showed its effect on sleep quality, anxiety-related behavioural patterns and epilepsy survival time. It also inhibited Helicobacter pylori-induced gene expression. Nux vomica was found to be beneficial in treating baker’s yeast-induced acute high-grade fever, pock-like lesions and Reiter’s disease. However, further research studies are required to explore its traditional uses for other diseases.

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Personification Allegory in the Aeneid and Ovid's Metamorphoses

Mnemosyne ◽

10.1163/156852507x235209 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 414-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dunstan Lowe

Keyword(s):

Proper Names ◽

First Century ◽

Classical Literature ◽

Reading Practices ◽

Literary Traditions ◽

Important Stage ◽

Roman Literature ◽

Depth And Complexity ◽

Roman Epic ◽

Narrative Role

AbstractThis article will show that Ovid's well-known innovations in the use of personification allegory combine closely with those of Virgil, to form a distinctive 'Augustan' phase in the development of allegory in classical literature. Both Ovid and Virgil make fictional abstractions concrete and ontologically ambiguous. Innovations common to both the Aeneid and Metamorphoses constitute an important stage in the emergence of 'compositional allegory', in the wake of the Roman adoption of Stoicising interpretative reading practices in the course of the first century BC. Both epics involve Furies as models for their major personified abstractions, both in narrative role and in concrete detail. Uniquely in and to Roman literature, Furies changed from supernatural beings into personified abstractions. This change, enabled by the semantic replacement of proper names such as Erinys or Eumenis with the word Furia ('frenzy'), produced new depth and complexity in the form and metaliterary function of personifications in Roman epic and later literary traditions.

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A Review of the Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Antibacterial Potential of Psidium guajava

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience ◽

10.33263/lianbs103.25062514 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 2506-2514

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

New Drugs ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Traditional Uses ◽

The Family ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

Reliable Knowledge ◽

Important Drug ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Psidium guajava is a tropical evergreen tree. It belongs to the family Myrtaceae that consists of about 133 genera and approximately 3800 species worldwide. This plant is mainly found in South Africa, North Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia. Psidium guajava is mainly a nutritional plant, but it also shows various biological activities. An array of bioactive constituents, viz; glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, amino acids, anthraquinones, proteins, flavonoids, and phenols, etc. have been isolated from Psidium guajava. These phytochemicals are well known for their biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, etc. The present work has been performed to gather data about the traditional uses, important phytochemicals, and antibacterial efficiency of Psidium guajava. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated its antibacterial potential against various important drug resistive pathogens. We invite researchers' attention to carry out detailed antibacterial studies on this valuable plant species to provide reliable knowledge to the patients and discover more novel compounds for the development of new drugs with fewer side effects compared to conventional medicines.

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A review on phytochemical and therapeutic potential of Iris germanica

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ◽

10.1093/jpp/rgab008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani ◽

Motahareh Boozari ◽

Kobra Shirani ◽

Amirhossein Jamshidi ◽

Majid Dadmehr

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

Iris Germanica ◽

Safety Studies ◽

History Of ◽

Therapeutic Activities

Abstract Objectives Iris germanica L. is a medicinal plant, which has a long history of uses, mainly in medieval Persia and many places worldwide for the management of a wide variety of diseases. In this study, we aimed to review ethnopharmacological applications in addition to phytochemical and pharmacological properties of I. germanica. Key findings Ethnomedical uses of I. germanica have been reported from many countries such as China, Pakistan, India, Iran and Turkey. The medicinal part of I. germanica is the rhizome and the roots. Based on phytochemical investigations, different bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, phenolics, ceramides and benzoquinones, have been identified in its medicinal parts. Current pharmacological studies represent that the plant possesses several biological and therapeutic effects, including neuroprotective, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antifungal, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects. Summary Although the majority of preclinical studies reported various pharmacological activities of this plant, however, sufficient clinical trials are not currently available. Therefore, to draw a definitive conclusion about the efficacy and therapeutic activities of I. germanica and its bioactive compounds, further clinical and experimental studies are required. Moreover, it is necessary to focus on the pharmacokinetic and safety studies on the extracts of I. germanica.

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Reviving the Memory of the Apostles: Apocryphal Tradition and Travel Literature in Late Antiquity

Studies in Church History ◽

10.1017/s0424208400003454 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Scott Fitzgerald Johnson

Keyword(s):

Travel Literature ◽

Late Antiquity ◽

First Century ◽

Roman Law ◽

Classical Literature ◽

Greco Roman

In this essay I aim to consider the association of place with apostolic personae. The imaginative worlds generated between the time of the apostles in the first century and the rise of the medieval Christian world in the seventh and eighth centuries can be seen as an integral part of what we now label ‘late antiquity’. The period of late antiquity, roughly from 300 to 600 AD (from Constantine to Mohammed), is substantively a period of consolidation and reorientation: knowledge from the ancient Greco-Roman civilizations was queried, repackaged, and disseminated; classical literature was copied, commented upon, and imitated; Roman law was collected, rearranged, and declared authoritative. What has been less studied in this period is the reception of the apostolic world as a realm of knowledge in its own right.

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Computational Methods for the Identification of Molecular Targets of Toxic Food Additives. Butylated Hydroxytoluene as a Case Study

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25092229 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 2229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valentina Tortosa ◽

Valentina Pietropaolo ◽

Valentina Brandi ◽

Gabriele Macari ◽

Andrea Pasquadibisceglie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computational Methods ◽

Food Additives ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽

Computational Techniques ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Ligand Interactions ◽

Toxic Food

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is one of the most commonly used synthetic antioxidants in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and petrochemical products. BHT is considered safe for human health; however, its widespread use together with the potential toxicological effects have increased consumers concern about the use of this synthetic food additive. In addition, the estimated daily intake of BHT has been demonstrated to exceed the recommended acceptable threshold. In the present work, using BHT as a case study, the usefulness of computational techniques, such as reverse screening and molecular docking, in identifying protein–ligand interactions of food additives at the bases of their toxicological effects has been probed. The computational methods here employed have been useful for the identification of several potential unknown targets of BHT, suggesting a possible explanation for its toxic effects. In silico analyses can be employed to identify new macromolecular targets of synthetic food additives and to explore their functional mechanisms or side effects. Noteworthy, this could be important for the cases in which there is an evident lack of experimental studies, as is the case for BHT.

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Diuretic Properties and Chemical Constituent Studies onStauntonia brachyanthera

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/432419 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xuan Li Liu ◽

Dan Dan Wang ◽

Zi Hao Wang ◽

Da Li Meng

Keyword(s):

Chemical Constituents ◽

Treated Group ◽

Chemical Constituent ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Diuretic Effect ◽

Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽

Structural Types ◽

Crude Drugs ◽

The Common ◽

Great Possibility

The pharmacological evaluation demonstrated that the extracts from the stem ofS. brachyantheracould significantly increase the outputs of urine of rats compared to those of furosemide treated group, and the effect could last for a longer period of time. The best effect appeared in the first two hours, which scientifically confirmed the diuretic effect of the plant. The comparative pharmacognosy study showed that the characters of the crude drugs of the stem ofS. brachyantherawere similar to those ofAkebia caulis. Further systemic work on its chemical constituents by chromatographic methods and NMR elucidations led to the isolation of 10 triterpenoids, 6 flavonoids, 4 lignanoids, and 3 phenylethanoid glycosides, whose structural types were much similar to those ofA. quinata. Among them, 7 compounds were firstly reported in the genus ofStauntoniaand calceolarioside B was the common characteristic constituent in both plants. From the similar pharmacognosy characters, pharmacological effects, and chemical constituents, it could be concluded thatS. brachyantherahave a great possibility to be a succedaneum ofAkebia caulis, whose supply is extremely short in recent years.

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