scholarly journals Diuretic Properties and Chemical Constituent Studies onStauntonia brachyanthera

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Li Liu ◽  
Dan Dan Wang ◽  
Zi Hao Wang ◽  
Da Li Meng
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Diuretic Effect ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
The Common ◽  
Great Possibility

The pharmacological evaluation demonstrated that the extracts from the stem ofS. brachyantheracould significantly increase the outputs of urine of rats compared to those of furosemide treated group, and the effect could last for a longer period of time. The best effect appeared in the first two hours, which scientifically confirmed the diuretic effect of the plant. The comparative pharmacognosy study showed that the characters of the crude drugs of the stem ofS. brachyantherawere similar to those ofAkebia caulis. Further systemic work on its chemical constituents by chromatographic methods and NMR elucidations led to the isolation of 10 triterpenoids, 6 flavonoids, 4 lignanoids, and 3 phenylethanoid glycosides, whose structural types were much similar to those ofA. quinata. Among them, 7 compounds were firstly reported in the genus ofStauntoniaand calceolarioside B was the common characteristic constituent in both plants. From the similar pharmacognosy characters, pharmacological effects, and chemical constituents, it could be concluded thatS. brachyantherahave a great possibility to be a succedaneum ofAkebia caulis, whose supply is extremely short in recent years.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents From the Fruits of Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Aiton and Their Role on the Medicinal Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2092233
Author(s):  
Xueying Zhao ◽  
Jiawei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
The Relationship

Fruits of Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Aiton ( FLL) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, which has the functions of protecting liver, anticancer, antiosteoporosis, and antioxidant, etc. Various chemical constituents including triterpenes, secoiridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, and flavonoids have been isolated and identified from FLL. In this article, the advances in research on the chemical constituents and their pharmacological effects were summarized by reviewing the recent literatures. In addition, the relationship between the chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of FLL was also discussed.

HPLC analysis and activity to determine the effect of drying and extraction on Ficus benghalensis leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Nithyakalyani K
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Ficus Benghalensis ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Ficus benghalensis is one of those taboo plants in India, which was claimed to be possessed and have weird effects on human health. Apart from this ficus species has a great variety of chemical constituents and an abundant amount of antioxidants. Drying is the most critical stage of improving the activity or preventing the loss of chemical components from a drug. There is another stage of ensuring high chemical constituent content in the plant and that is the extraction procedure. So the point of focus in the current research is to find the effect of extraction method and drying on the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant. The result of the extraction method and drying method of the plant was investigated and found that the ultrasound-assisted extraction of the shade dried leaves was found to give the highest yield of flavonoids and activity.

Effects of the sap of the common oleander Nerium indicum (Apocyanaceae) on male fertility and spermatogenesis in the oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (22) ◽  
pp. 3935-3942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Eun Jeong ◽  
Yun Lee ◽  
Jeong Hee Hwang ◽  
Douglas C. Knipple
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Helicoverpa Assulta ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

SUMMARY We investigated the effects of sap of the common oleander Nerium indicum (Apocyanaceae) on male fertility and spermatogenesis in the oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta. We found that continuous feeding of oleander sap during the larval period significantly affects fertility in males but not in females. This effect was also induced by direct injection of oleander sap into the hemocoel of 2-day-old pupae. Histological analyses of developing testes following oleander injection revealed a developmental delay and progressively more severe morphological abnormalities in the later stages of development. The effects of oleander sap on spermatogenesis in H. assulta were associated with greatly reduced levels of the two major polyamines, spermidine and spermine, in testis compared with saline-injected controls. In contrast, levels of putrescine, which is a precursor of both spermidine and spermine, and the activities of the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase, which are involved in the biosynthesis of putrescine, were initially elevated following oleander injection, but subsequently failed to undergo the induction that normally occurs during late pupal development. The effects of oleander sap on spermidine and spermine levels could be the result of direct inhibition by chemical constituents of the oleander sap of one of the enzymes used in common in the conversions of putrescine to spermidine and spermidine to spermine; alternatively, these effects on polyamine metabolism could be secondary to the disruption of a more fundamental process in the developmental program guiding spermatogenesis in H. assulta.

scholarly journals Lavandulae aetheroleum Oil: A Review on Phytochemical Screening, Medicinal Applications, and Pharmacological Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 9836-9847
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Experimental Pharmacology ◽  
Central Nervous System Depressant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lavandulae aetheroleum, the oil, was obtained by vapor condensation from the flower of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. or Lavandula intermedia Loisel (Lamiaceae) plant. Other names of Lavandulae aetheroleum oil are Al birri, common or English lavender. The Lavandula angustifolia Mill. or Lavandula intermedia Loisel plant is spreading in the Mediterranean, southern Europe, Bulgaria, Russia, and USA. The Lavandula angustifolia Mill. or Lavandula intermedia Loisel plant, is an odor shrub with 1-2 m in height. The oil is a clear, colorless, or pale yellow. The gas chromatography studies reported the following percentage of the major chemical constituents in the oil: linalyl acetate (25-46%), linalool (20-45%), terpinen-4-ol (1.2-6.0%), lavendulyl acetate (> 1.0%), 1,8-cineole (1,8-cineol, cineol, cineole, eucalyptol) (< 2.5%), 3-octanone (< 2.5%), camphor (< 1.2%), limonene (< 1.0%), and α-terpineol (< 2.0%). Medicinal applications of the oil include the treatment of restlessness, anxiety, cardiovascular disorders, insomnia, and gastrointestinal disorders, burns, diarrhea, headache, sore throats, and wounds. Pharmacological effects include experimental and clinical pharmacology. Experimental pharmacology includes anesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antispasmodic, central nervous system depressant effects. Clinical pharmacology includes anxiolytic, analgesic, and cardiovascular effects. The oil dose by inhalation = 0.06-0.2 ml/ 3 times/day while oil dose internally = 1-4 drops approximately 20-80 mg on a sugar cube per day. In conclusion, Lavandulae aetheroleum oil had an anesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antispasmodic, central nervous system depressant, anxiolytic, analgesic, and cardiovascular effects.

scholarly journals Seeing the Unseen of the Combination of Two Natural Resins, Frankincense and Myrrh: Changes in Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Cao ◽  
Xi-Chuan Wei ◽  
Xiao-Rong Xu ◽  
Hai-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Chuan-Hong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
Natural Resins ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Natural Drugs

For the treatment of diseases, especially chronic diseases, traditional natural drugs have more effective therapeutic advantages because of their multi-target and multi-channel characteristics. Among many traditional natural medicines, resins frankincense and myrrh have been proven to be effective in the treatment of inflammation and cancer. In the West, frankincense and myrrh have been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies since ancient times; in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, they are used mainly for the treatment of chronic diseases. The main chemical constituents of frankincense and myrrh are terpenoids and essential oils. Their common pharmacological effects are anti-inflammatory and anticancer. More interestingly, in traditional Chinese medicine, frankincense and myrrh have been combined as drug pairs in the same prescription for thousands of years, and their combination has a better therapeutic effect on diseases than a single drug. After the combination of frankincense and myrrh forms a blend, a series of changes take place in their chemical composition, such as the increase or decrease of the main active ingredients, the disappearance of native chemical components, and the emergence of new chemical components. At the same time, the pharmacological effects of the combination seem magically powerful, such as synergistic anti-inflammation, synergistic anticancer, synergistic analgesic, synergistic antibacterial, synergistic blood-activation, and so on. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the main chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of these two natural resins, along with chemical and pharmacological studies on the combination of the two.

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Genus Patrinia: a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-414
Author(s):  
Lijun Meng ◽  
Sitan Chen ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Zhenhua Liu ◽  
Shiming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Effects

scholarly journals Background Chemical Study of Relocated Hazaribagh Tannery Complex Environment, Savar

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
YN Jolly ◽  
TR Choudhury ◽  
A Islam ◽  
NI Suravi ◽  
MS Sultana
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A background study of the chemical constituents of some environmental samples - tannery   complex sand, river water, river sediment and river fishes collected from the Relocated Hazaribagh   Tannery Complex (RHTC) area, was carried out. In sand samples the mean values for pH, EC and   soluble salts were found to be 8.49, 0.02 mS/cm and 11.72 mg/kg and the mean concentrations of   elements K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Pb, Rb and Sr were 94.8, 68.5, 16.6, 2.68, 129, 1.19,   0.23, 0.70, 0.32, 0.62 and 1.03 mg/kg, respectively. In river water samples the average   concentrations of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, SO 4 -2, PO4 -3, Cl-1 and NO3 -1 were 13.09, 178,   0.41, 1.82, 0.073, 0.031, 0.010, 0.48, 0.057, 0.019, 15.6, 5.68 mg/l and the average values for pH,   EC, DO, BOD, SS and DS were 8.02 and 0.35 mS/cm, 6.29, 4.21, 0.06, 0.36 mg/l, respectively.   The elements K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr and Pb were measured in river sediment   samples at the limit of 205, 155, 67, 6.02, 17.2, 798, 1.10, 1.24, 1.99, 0.31, 2.34, 2.63 and 0.35   mg/kg, respectively. In some locally available fishes like tengra, puti, baim, taki, shrimp, chanda   and baila, only the elements K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Rb and Sr could be measured in all species of fishes in   the range of 0.39 - 1.01, 0.68 - 2.29, 60.6 - 125, 46.3 - 174, 2.84 - 61.8 and 12.3 - 38.0% in mg/kg,   respectively. In the light of the overall study, the chemical constituent levels of the environmental   samples of the RHTC area at present are low and the environment is not yet contaminated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i1.10919Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1, 45-51, 2012

scholarly journals In vitro Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Studies of Lippia nodiflora and Isolated Flavonoids and Phenylethanoid Glycosides as Potential Uric Acid-lowering Agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Chuen Cheng ◽  
Vikneswaran Murugaiyah ◽  
Kit-Lam Chan
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Effective Use

Lippia nodiflora has been traditionally used for treatment of knee joint pain. Hitherto, no studies have been reported on the effective use of L. nodiflora against hyperuricemia, gout or other metabolic disorders. In this present study, L. nodiflora was examined for its ability to lower uric acid levels using an in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay. The whole plant methanolic extract was subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation to yield 4 fractions (F1–F4). F3 displayed the highest potency and was further purified by column chromatography to afford two phenylethanoid glycosides, arenarioside (1) and verbascoside (2), and three flavonoids, 6-hydroxyluteolin (3), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7- O-glycoside (4), and nodifloretin (5). These compounds inhibited xanthine oxidase activity, with IC50 values between 7.52 ± 0.01 and 130.00 ± 2.25 μM, of which 3 was the most potent. In contrast, allopurinol, serving as a positive control, was 0.22 ± 0.00 μM. Thus, L. nodiflora, and its chemical constituents are worthy of further studies as potential anti-hyperuricemic agents.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LEPIDIUM SATIVUM-A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI ESMAIL AL-SNAFI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Current Review

Lepidium sativum contained many bioactive constituents included cardiac glycoside, alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoids, cardiotonic glycosides, coumarins, glucosinolates, carbohydrates, proteins and amino-acids, mucilage, resins, saponins, sterols, tannins, volatile oils, triterpene, sinapic acid and uric acid. The pharmacological investigation revealed that Lepidium sativum possessed antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, reproductive, gastrointestinal, respiratory, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, diuretic, central nervous, fracture healing and protective effects. The current review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lepidium sativum.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity of Commiphora erythraea Essential Oil and Its Emulsions Against Larvae of Three Mosquito Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1835-1842
Author(s):  
Ephantus J Muturi ◽  
William T Hay ◽  
Kenneth M Doll ◽  
Jose L Ramirez ◽  
Gordon Selling
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Sodium Palmitate ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract The use of essential oils as ecofriendly tools for vector management is one of the mainstreams for biopesticide research. We evaluated the larvicidal properties of Commiphora erythraea (opoponax) essential oil and its fractions against Culex restuans Theobald, Culex pipiens L., and Aedes aegypti L. The use of bio-based amylose–N-1-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complex (Hex-Am) and amylose–sodium palmitate inclusion complex (Na-Palm) as emulsifiers for C. erythraea essential oil was also investigated. Bisabolene was the most abundant chemical constituent in the whole essential oil (33.9%), fraction 2 (62.5%), and fraction 4 (23.8%) while curzerene (32.6%) and α-santalene (30.1%) were the dominant chemical constituents in fractions 1 and 3, respectively. LC50 values for the whole essential oil were 19.05 ppm for Cx. restuans, 22.61 ppm for Cx. pipiens, and 29.83 ppm for Ae. aegypti and differed significantly. None of the four C. erythraea essential oil fractions were active against mosquito larvae. Two CYP450 genes (CYP6M11 and CYP6N12) and one GST gene (GST-2) were significantly upregulated in Ae. aegypti larvae exposed to C. erythraea essential oil suggesting their potential involvement in metabolic pathways for C. erythraea essential oil. Essential oil emulsions produced with Hex-Am were more toxic than the whole essential oil while those produced with Na-Palm had similar toxicity as the whole essential oil. These findings demonstrate that C. erythraea essential oil is a promising source of mosquito larvicide and that the use of Hex-Am as an emulsifier can enhance the insecticidal properties of C. erythraea essential oil.

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