scholarly journals SCREENING OF TOTAL PHENOL AND FLAVONOID CONTENT IN DIFFERENT CYTOTYPES OF TWO SPECIES OF ACHYRANTHES LINN. FROM WESTERN HIMALAYA, INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Manjit Inder Singh Saggoo ◽  
Lovleen .
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Superior Genotype ◽  
Phenolic Components

Objective: Genus Achyranthes Linn. belonging to family Amaranthaceae consists of six species. The present study was undertaken to screen the phenolic components in the different cytotypes of two species of Genus Achyranthes Linn. growing in western Himalaya, India.Methods: Methanol extract of leaves was used to determine the total phenol and flavonoid contents in different cytotypes of A. aspera Linn. and A. bidentata Blume by spectrophotometric method. Total phenol content was expressed as mg gallic acid g-1phenol and total flavonoid content as mg quercetin g-1flavonoid using the standard curves. Further, gallic acid content in methanol extracts of leaves was determined by RP-HPLC method using C-18 column, employing 0.01% (v/v) orthophosphoric acid: acetonitrile (98:2 v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 272 nm.Results: Hexaploid plants of A. aspera Linn. possess the higher amount of phenol (9.16±0.84 mg/g) and flavonoid (78.36±1.63 mg/g) constituents in the methanol extract of leaves as compared to its dodecaploid counterparts (7.86±0.08 mg/g and 70.20±1.81 mg/g respectively). Similarly, phenol and flavonoid content is found to be more in the methanol extract of leaves of hexaploid plants of A. bidentata Blume (11.93±0.59 mg/g and 115.92±1.32 mg/g respectively) as compared to its dodecaploid counterparts (9.46±0.75 mg/g and 107.76±0.94 mg/g respectively). Further, RP-HPLC analysis of gallic acid revealed that higher amount of gallic acid is present in dodecaploid plants of A. aspera Linn. (1.04±0.02 mg/g) and A. bidentata Blume (1.34±0.03 mg/g) as compared to hexaploid counterparts (1.01±0.01 mg/g and 1.22±0.05 mg/g respectively).Conclusion: The present investigation revealed that A. aspera Linn. and A. bidentata Blume plants show immense intraspecific variability in their phenolic components. Hence there is need to evaluate germplasm to select superior genotype for medicinal and conservation purpose.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF METHANOL CONCENTRATION AS A SOLVENT ON TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT OF BELUNTAS LEAF EXTRACT (Pulchea indica L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Sinta Mahasuari ◽  
N. L. P. Vidya Paramita ◽  
A.A Gede Rai Yadnya Putra
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Methanol Concentration ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Background: Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) is an Indonesian plant that grows wild and is used as traditional medicine. Beluntas leaves are reported to contain phenolic, and flavonoid is a part of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds other than flavonoids include 1,3,4,5-tetra-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid. Flavonoid compounds in beluntas leaves are quercetin, apigenin, luteolin and chrysoeriol. Methanol solvents are reported to be able to extract higher polyphenol and flavonoid contents than other solvents. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of 20%, 50% and 75% solvent concentration of methanol on total phenol and total flavonoid levels of beluntas leaf extract. Methods: In this study, the extraction process was carried out by maceration, the determination of total phenol content was carried out by the Follin-Ciocalteu method. Determination of total flavonoid levels was carried out by the Colorimetric method. Data on phenol and flavonoid levels were analyzed statistically. Results: The yield of beluntas leaf extract in this study was respectively from the lowest methanol concentration of 24.094% w/w, 31.126% w/w, 24.838% w/w. The value of total phenol levels increased with increasing methanol concentration, namely 124.84 mg GAE/g, 138.3 mg GAE/g, and 147.91 mg GAE/g. The highest total flavonoid value in 75% methanol extract is 69.72 mg QE/g, followed by 20% methanol extract at 46.29 mg QE/g and the lowest is found in 50% methanol extract at 32.80 mg QE/g. The results of statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the value of total phenol levels and total flavonoids of the three extracts. Conclusion: The difference in the concentration of methanol solvents affects the value of total phenol levels and total flavonoids with the highest value produced by a 75% methanol solvent. Keywords: Beluntas Leaves (Pluchea indica L.), Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, Gallic Acid, Quercetin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant activity and Phenolic contents of Kinnow mandarin leaf extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4665-4669
Author(s):  
Rajat Bhola ◽  
Ramesh Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Kinnow Mandarin

Kinnow mandarin is a major citrus fruit crop in India. This study was designed to evaluate Total Phenol content (TPC), Total Flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of vegetative and fruit associated leaves extracts of Kinnow at three different times of the year. The results revealed variation in all three parameters chosen: total phenol, flavonoid content as well as antioxidant capacity between vegetative and fruit associated leaves and during different time periods of the study.The TPC and TFC were highest for fruit associated leaf phase II (9.49 ± 0.075 GAE /g dw and 7.74 ± 0.125 QE mg /g dw respectively) whereas antioxidant activity 31.49 ± 0.025 mg AA/g dw was highest for fruit associated leaves phase I extracts. The TPC,TFC and DPPH free radical scavenging activity among the leaf extracts of Kinnow indicated that some non- phenolic components also contributed to the total antioxidant activity in Kinnow leaves extracts examined in the present investigation. To the best of our information, this is the first experiment presenting comprehensive data on TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity for Kinnow leaf extracts. The study further envisaged that the Kinnow leaves may be important sources of antioxidant for food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Ekstak Etanol Daun Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) dengan Metode DPPH

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Riza Silvia Anggraini ◽  
Sudarmi Sudarmi ◽  
Herawaty Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Tumbuhan Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) merupakan tumbuhan suku Arecaceae yang tumbuh di lingkungan hutan yang bermanfaatsebagai obat sakit perut, diabetes dan obat penurun panas . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antioksidan serta total fenol dan total flavonoid dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.). Penelitian ini meliputi penyiapan sampel, pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia, pembuatan ekstrak dengan metode maserasi, dan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol daun nipah  dengan metode perangkapan radikal bebas menggunakan DPPH (1,1- difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil), pada panjang gelombang 515,50 nm,  dibandingkan  dengan vitamin C sebagai blanko positif, serta pengujian nilai kandungan total fenol ekstrak etanol daun nipah setara asam galat (Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)) dengan metode kolorimetri menggunakan reagen Folin-Ciocalteu pada panjang gelombang 775 nm dan pengukuran nilai kandungan total flavonoid ekstrak etanol daun nipah setara kuersetin (Quercetin Equivalent (QE)) dengan metode kolorimetri menggunkan aluminium klorida pada panjang gelombang 436,50 nm dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Visibel. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan yang menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun nipah mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 9,662 ppm serta nilai kandungan total fenol sebesar 85,51 mg/g GAE ekstrak dan nilai kandungan total flavonoid sebesar 12,49 mg/g QE ekstrak. Nipah plant (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) Is a plant of the Arecaceae family that grows in a forest environment that is useful as a medicine for stomach pain, diabetes and febrifuge. This study aims to determine antioxidant activity, total phenol and total flavonoids from the Ethanol Extract of Nipah Leaves (N. fruticans). This study included the preparation of samples, checking the characteristics of simplicia, making extracts by maceration method, and testing the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Nipah leaves by using free radical scavenging method using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazil), at a wavelength of 515.50 nm, compared with vitamin C as a positive blank, as well as testing the value of the total phenol content of ethanol extract of gallic leaf equivalent of gallic acid (Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)) using the colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent at a wavelength of 775 nm and measuring the value of total flavonoid content ethanol extract of Nipah leaves equivalent to quercetin (Quercetin Equivalent (QE)) by colorimetric method using aluminum chloride at a wavelength of 436.50 nm using UV-Spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity test showed that the Nipah leaf ethanol extract had a very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 9.662 ppm and a total phenol content of 85.51 mg / g GAE extract and a total flavonoid content of 12, 49 mg / g QE extract.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK MENIRAN (Phyllanthus niruri L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Rizky Amalia Rachmawati ◽  
Ni Wayan Wisaniyasa ◽  
I Ketut Suter
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
The Right

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different solvents on the antioxidant activity of gale of the wind extract and to find out the right type of solvent used to extract gale of the wind with the highest antioxidant activity using maceration method. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with a type of solvent as a treatment. The treatment consisting of four levels, namely methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol. All treatments were repeated four times so that they were obtained 16 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had significant effect followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the type of solvent treatment had a very significant effect on yield, total phenol, total flavonoids, total tannin, and antioxidant activity (IC50). The results showed that acetone solvent had the best treatment which produced a yield of 22.58%, total phenol content of 188.77 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content of 247.60 mg QE/g, total tannin content of 297.51mg TAE/g, and antioxidant activity (IC50) of 15.19 ppm.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Evaluasi Sensoris Teh Herbal Bunga Gumitir (Tagetes erecta L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Pranantha Bistara Kusuma ◽  
Ni Komang Ayu Nila Ratna ◽  
Auriel Gabriella Kalalinggi ◽  
I Wayan Rai Widarta
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L

Bunga gumitir memiliki manfaat yang baik bagi kesehatan karena mengandung komponen bioaktif berupa flavonoid, fenol, dan karotenoid berupa lutein sehingga sangat berpotensi digunakan sebagai teh herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknik pengeringan teh herbal bunga gumitir yang tepat sehingga menghasilkan karakteristik teh herbal bunga gumitir dengan komponen bioaktif dan antioksidan yang tinggi serta sensoris yang baik. Pengeringan dilakukan dengan 5 teknik yang berbeda yaitu pengeringan matahari, pengeringan oven, pengeringan dingin, pengeringan udara, dan pengeringan sangrai. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar air, total fenol, total flavonoid, aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) serta  pengujian  sensoris air seduhan teh herbal bunga gumitir (warna, aroma, rasa, dan penerimaan keseluruhan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeringan dingin mampu menghasilkan teh herbal dengan karakteristik terbaik yaitu kadar air sebesar 6,86%, total fenol sebesar 83,88 mg GAE/g ekstrak, total flavonoid sebesar 373,06 mg QE/g ekstrak, nilai IC50 sebesar 257,65 mg/L, karakteristik sensoris paling disukai dengan rasa agak khas bunga gumitir, rasa tidak asam, dan berwarna merah kekuningan.   Gumitir flower had good benefits for health because their bioactive components contain flavonoids, phenols, and carotenoids like lutein so that gumitir flower were potentially used as herbal tea. The research was conducted to obtain the appropriate gumitir flower tea drying technique to produced the characteristics of gumitir herbal tea with high bioactive and antioxidant components and good sensory. Drying were carried out with 5 different techniques, namely sun drying, oven drying, cold drying, air drying, and roasting drying. Parameters observed included water content, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity (IC50), and sensory testing of gumitir flower herbal tea (color, aroma, taste, and overall reception). The results showed that cold drying was able to produced herbal tea with the best characteristics with water content was 6.86%, total phenol content was 83.88 mg GAE/g extract, total flavonoid content was 373.06 mg QE/g extract, IC50 was 257.65 mg/L, sensory characteristics were most preferred with a rather typical taste of gumitir flower, not sour and yellowish red.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activities and Heavy Metal Contents of Castanea Sativa Honey

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Antioxidant Power

<p>Honey is one of the most valuable foods in terms of its antioxidant nature and antioxidant activity. In this study, their botanic origins, total flavonoid content, total phenol content, the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA) (in terms of SC50 (µg mL-1)), ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (in terms of SC50), metal-chelating activity (MCA) (%) and heavy metal amounts were examined to determine the qualities of honey samples that gathered from Giresun city of Black Sea region in Turkey. According to the melissopalynological analysis, the botanic origins of the samples are Castanea sativa (Chestnut) Miller and uni-floral. The HPSA, FRAP, DPPH, MCA (%), total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found between 251.99±0.48-258.64±1.22 µg mL-1, 71.34±0.09-73.71±0.20 %, 584.86±0.06-595.04±0.29 µg mL-1, 36.73±0.00-36.86±0.09 %, 93.82±1.05-173.15±2.46 mg GAE 100 g-1 and 5.51±0.19-8.29±0.05 mg CAE/100 g, respectively. For comparison of these results, Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA), Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and α-Tocopherol (TOC) were used as standard antioxidant compounds. In addition, it was observed that honey samples were been contaminated with most of the heavy metals (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Rb, and Zn) to a lesser or greater extent, whereas others (Te, Tl, and U) were never detected in these samples. However, Cd and Cs were detected only in one sample and Pb in another sample Finally, the results indicate that although honey is an important source of nutrients, nevertheless it could be affected by environmental pollution.</p>

scholarly journals Antioxidant properties of Rubus discolor leaf extracts

2016 ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivona Velickovic ◽  
Slavica Grujic ◽  
Petar Marin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Dry Extract

In this work were examined aqueous, methanol, ethanol and acetone leaf extracts of Rubus discolor, wild growing blackberry, for their antioxidant properties and total phenol and flavonoid content. The total phenol content (TPC) varried from 250.05 to 446.61 mg GAE/g of dry extract, while total flavonoid content (TFC) was in range between 22.44 and 61.15 mg QE/g of dry extract. Aqueous extracts were the richest in phenols, as well as in flavonoids. In vitro antioxidant capacity of leaf extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging procedures and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Aqueous extracts were the most effective through all antioxidant tests. The total phenol content highly correlated with antioxidant activity of extracts. Moreover, weak correlation was established between total phenol and total flavonoid content. The results presented in this work indicate that phenol compounds contribute to antioxidant ability of extracts.

scholarly journals Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quy Diem Do ◽  
Artik Elisa Angkawijaya ◽  
Phuong Lan Tran-Nguyen ◽  
Lien Huong Huynh ◽  
Felycia Edi Soetaredjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Extraction Solvent
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