scholarly journals Participatory Approaches in Research, Technology and Innovation (RTI) Policy and their Potential Impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Kofler ◽  
◽  
Elisabeth Nindl ◽  
Dorothea Sturn ◽  
Magdalena Wailzer
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
General Level ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Participatory Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Science And Research

The present article reviews various concepts of participatory science and research and discusses their potential to exhibit impact on the relationship between science and society. Starting with an overview of rationales, concepts and challenges, different forms and intensities of participatory approaches in research and innovation are discussed. We then look at the situation in Austria and sort selected Austrian funding programmes and initiatives into a diagram according to the intensity of participation as well as the social groups involved in each case. Finally, we try to gain more precise indications of the impact of participatory programmes on the relationship between science and society. Many questions remain unanswered, as precise analyses and evaluation results are usually lacking. While different surveys provide insights into society’s level of information on a general level, interest, involvement and attitude towards science and research, approaches for impact assessment are fragmented and remain on the surface. We therefore propose to develop an analytical framework based on existing approaches and to include collaboratively developed indicators in it.

scholarly journals The European Convention on Human Rights Act 2003 – Ten Years On

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-96
Author(s):  
Ronagh JA McQuigg
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
European Convention ◽  
General Level ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
Human Rights Act 1998 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The European Convention on Human Rights Act 2003 has now been in force in Ireland for ten years. This article analyses the Act itself and the impact which it has had on the Irish courts during the first decade of its operation. The use of the European Convention on Human Rights in the Irish courts prior to the enactment of the legislation is discussed, as are the reasons for the passing of the Act. The relationship between the Act and the Irish Constitution is examined, as is the jurisprudence of the Irish courts towards the interpretative obligation found in section 2(1), and the duty placed upon organs of the State by section 3(1). The article ends with a number of observations regarding the impact which the Act has had on the Irish courts at a more general level. Comparisons will be drawn with the uk’s Human Rights Act 1998 throughout the discussion.

Dimensions of Impact in the Social Sciences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Haux
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Impact Pathways ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

Academics are increasingly required to demonstrate their impact on the wider world. The aim of this book is to compare and contextualise the dimensions of impact within the social sciences. Unlike most other studies of the 2014 Research Excellence Framework impact case studies, this book includes case studies from three different sub-panels (Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work and Politics and International Relations), which in themselves capture several disciplines, and therefore allows for a comparison of how impact and academic identify are defined and presented. The impact case studies are placed in an analytical framework that identifies different types of impact and impact pathways and places them in the context of policy models. Finally, it provides a comparison across time based on interviews with Social Policy professors who are looking back over 40 years of being involved as well as analysing the relationship between research and policy-making. This long view highlights successes but also the serendipitous and superficial nature of impact across time.

scholarly journals Promoting or Inhibiting? The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Corporate Financial Performance—An Empirical Analysis Based on China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Deng ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Corporate Financial Performance ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Today, environmental protection has become a global issue, and various environmental regulations have been actively adopted. However, are these measures promoting or harming enterprise values? Is this effect the same for enterprises with different ownership backgrounds? In order to address these problems, we conducted an empirical analysis of China’s A-share market to investigate the relationship between the New Environmental Protection Law (NEPL) launched in China and corporate financial performance, and further explore the impact of environmental supervision intensity (ESI) from the perspective of ownership. The empirical results show that there is a negative correlation between NEPL and the financial performance of high pollution enterprises. Further analysis demonstrates that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between ESI and corporate financial performance for both state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs), while the financial performance of SOEs is more sensitive and tolerant to environmental regulation than that of non-SOEs. Finally, we make recommendations for the future direction of China’s ecological civilization construction and sustainable development of enterprises based on three aspects: environmental awareness, policy considerations, and sustainable development. The innovation of this paper lies in putting NEPL and corporate financial performance in the same analytical framework for the first time, which enriches the research in this field. Meanwhile, it provides a new perspective for understanding the relationship between ESI and corporate financial performance through the analysis of nonlinearity and owner heterogeneity.

scholarly journals The Changing Role of the Service Sector in an Innovation-Oriented Economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Gryczka
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
General Level ◽  
Service Economy ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Innovation Processes

Abstract The development of a service economy and the more and more noticeable phenomenon of servicization have become inseparable elements in the evolution of the modern economy. The goal of this paper is to analyse the impact of servicization on selected economies, both in terms of GDP and employment structure, as well as on changes in foreign trade. The secondary, but still important aim is to examine the relationship between servicization and innovation processes. Based on the conducted research, it can be stated that the process of servicization occurs in both developed post-industrial economies and increasingly often in developing countries. Moreover, the analysis of the relationship between the general level of innovation in the economy and the degree of its servicization, showed that in many countries higher innovation is often associated with a stronger role of the service sector in the economy. The dynamics of structural change taking place in the “deagrarianization-deindustrialization-servicization” chain is therefore substantially influenced by technological progress.

THE IMPACT OF PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION IN THE NEXT LEVELS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM CASE STUDY THE CITY OF SKOPJE

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-875
Author(s):  
Elisabeta Bajrami Ollogu ◽  
Diturije Ismaili
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
General Level ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Little attention has been paid to the principles in which early childhood education affects the quality of other educational system levels in terms of quality and long-life learning processes. In this research, we discuss some challenges of early childhood education with a bearing on its impact in the upcoming years of education, significance and importance of preschool education. The main reason is to be found in theoretical and empirical insights how this first level of education can impact the contextual and situational dimensions of all kinds of learning and how the system can affect stakeholders and beneficiaries. Methodologically, as above mentioned, the research combines the theoretical and empirical approaches (literature review and survey) with particular focus on the empirical data. Through literature review we tend to emphasize the importance of preschool education and its positive effects on the process of learning. On the other side, the empirical approach provides data regarding the relationship between low attendance (in preschool classes) and the success of the child in primary education and further classes, with the aim to identify eventual weaknesses of the educational system and offer some recommendations on how the relationship between the levels of education can be improved in order to increase the general level of quality for all actors involved; pupils, educators/teachers and parents. It analyzes data from a survey of 60 pupils (divided in two groups) to identify discrepancies between those who have attended preschool classes and those who didn’t. Parents have been part of the survey as well. An interview has been conducted with 30 parents with the aim to identify their uncertainties for not sending children in pre-classes and their perceptions and satisfaction towards the educational system.The results have shown significant differences in terms of success between children attending preschool classes compared to the others, which is an important indicator of how attendance of preschool education can positively affect the system as a whole. Most of the parents interviewed communicate different reasons for not sending their children in preschool classes. Reasons prevailing are mostly related to the economic claims and parents’ skepticism and dissatisfaction towards kindergartens’ infrastructure, staff involved, etc.

Assessment of Driver Fatigue, Distraction, and Performance in a Naturalistic Setting

2005 ◽  
Vol 1937 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. Barr ◽  
C. Y. David Yang ◽  
Richard J. Hanowski ◽  
Rebecca Olson
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Driver Fatigue ◽  
Drowsy Driving ◽  
Motor Carrier ◽  
Naturalistic Setting ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The results of a study to characterize episodes of driver fatigue and drowsiness and to assess the impact of driver fatigue on driving performance are documented. This data-mining effort performed additional analyses on data collected in an earlier study by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration of the effects of fatigue on drivers in local and short-haul operations. The primary objectives of the study were to investigate fatigue as a naturally occurring phenomenon by identifying and characterizing episodes of drowsiness during all periods of driving and to determine the operational or driving environment factors associated with drowsy driving. A total of 2,745 drowsy events were identified in approximately 900 total hours of naturalistic driving video data. Higher levels of fatigue were associated with younger and less experienced drivers. In addition, a strong and consistent relationship was found between drowsiness and time of day. Drowsiness was twice as likely to occur between 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m., and approximately 30% of all observed incidences of drowsiness occurred within the first hour of the work shift. Insights about the relationship between driver fatigue and driver distraction and inattention are provided. This study presents an analytical framework for quantitatively assessing driver fatigue and drowsiness as a function of driver characteristics and the driving environment. It is hoped that the results will help to identify effective countermeasures for drowsy driving that will reduce the number of commercial-vehicle-related fatalities and injuries.

scholarly journals Personal indebtedness, community characteristics and theft crimes

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2395-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart G McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Spatial Process ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Debt played a central role in the Great Recession, both in its cause and in its resolution, and once again, concern is rising about household indebtedness. This paper examines the relationship between personal indebtedness and theft crime using information on personal debt default. This paper builds on an established literature examining economic conditions and community crime rates, with an analytical framework provided by ‘the market model of crime’. Our paper is motivated from the economic, sociology and criminology literatures, and extends to a fuller consideration of the relationship between economic hardship and theft crimes in an urban setting. In particular, the sociology and criminology literature permit a much deeper understanding of the human behaviour and motivations underpinning the relationships represented in the market model. Using data available at the neighbourhood level for London, UK on county court judgements (CCJs) granted against residents in each neighbourhood as our measure of personal indebtedness, we examine the relationship between this measure and a range of community characteristics, and the observed pattern of theft crimes using spatial econometric methods. Our results confirm that theft crimes in London follow a spatial process, and that personal indebtedness is positively associated with theft crimes in London. We identify a number of interesting results, for instance that there is variation in the impact of covariates across crime types, and that the covariates which are important in explaining the pattern of each crime type are largely stable across the period considered in this analysis.1

scholarly journals Unlocking the Relationship between Land Finance and Regional Integration

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Xinhai Lu ◽  
Mingxu Bai ◽  
Bing Kuang ◽  
Danling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Land Management System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Land Market ◽  
The Relationship

Exploring the relationship between land finance and regional integration is of great significance for optimizing the land management system and promoting high-quality development. Previous studies focused on the impact of land finance on regional development, and rarely concerned the role of regional integration on land revenue. This study reveals the internal association mechanisms between land finance and regional integration, which might provide an integrated theoretical and empirical support for the coordinated development between urban land market and regional economy. We firstly provide a theoretically analytical framework for the relationship between the size of land finance, reliance on land finance, and regional integration, and three hypotheses are proposed. On this basis, an econometric analysis is conducted based on the panel data of the urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMRYR) from 2003 to 2016. The results show that an increased amount of land finance revenue promotes the level of regional integration. Specifically, for every 1% increase in the size of land finance of UAMRYR, Wuhan city-clusters, and Chang-Zhu-Tan city-clusters, the level of regional integration will increase by 0.000040%, 0.000021%, and 0.000089%, respectively. Besides, the degree of land finance dependence has a negative impact on the level of regional integration. The threshold regression analysis indicates an inverted U–shaped curve could reflect the relationship between the level of regional integration and the degree of land financial dependence. This study argues that the governments in a particular urban agglomeration should clarify the net effect of the size of land finance and their reliance on land finance, and rationally introducing development strategy according to the synergy between land finance and regional integration.

Psychosocial factors predict type 2 diabetes mastery

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ski ◽  
K McGuigan ◽  
A Hill ◽  
V Coates ◽  
D.R Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Diabetes Empowerment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Psychosocial aspects of chronic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are increasingly recognised as impacting effective self-management. Until now, little was known regarding the moderating effects of empowerment and depression on the relationship between diabetes-specific distress and mastery. Purpose To evaluate the potential mediating role of diabetes empowerment and depression on the relationship between diabetes-specific distress and mastery. Methods Sample comprised 131 participants diagnosed with T2D, mean [SD] age 62.3 [8.8]; 59.5% male. Mean time since diagnosis was 10.4 years. Assessments included: emotional distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale; PAID); depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS); mastery (Pearlin Mastery Scale); and empowerment (Diabetes Empowerment Scale – Short Form; DES-SF). Data were examined using SPSS: PROCESS a logistic regression-based path analytical framework for multiple mediator models. Results Regression coefficients for the model identified distress (b=−0.249, t(5,112)=−3.71, p<0.001), empowerment (b=0.280, t(5,112)=3.02, p<0.001) and depression (b=−0.980, t(5,112)=−5.73, p<0.001) were all statistically significant predictors of mastery. The PROCESS model assessed ΔR2 as a result of the interaction between distress and depression, which indicated a significant increase (ΔR2=0.08) in variance explained due to the inclusion of both moderators: F(2,112)=16.88, p<0.001, ΔR2=0.14. Also identified were interaction effect sizes: at low levels of empowerment, increasing depression led to increasing levels of distress predicting overall levels of mastery. This held true at moderate and high levels of empowerment; increasing levels of depression led to increasing distress predicting mastery. Conclusions These findings elucidate the impact of empowerment and depression on the association between distress and mastery in a diabetes cohort. The evidence suggests that the psychosocial interventions likely to have greatest impact on mastery are those that target key moderators such as empowerment and depression. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Public Capital and Women’s Time Allocation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Richard Agénor
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Infrastructure Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Allocation Decisions

This chapter focuses on two aspects of the debate on the role of women in growth and development: the impact of lack of access to infrastructure on women's time allocation and the role of inter- and intragenerational health externalities—namely, how mothers' time allocation decisions affect their children's health, and how health in childhood affects health in adulthood. To do so, a gender dimension is added to the analytical framework presented in the previous chapters. The chapter begins with a review of the recent evidence on women's time allocation, with a particular focus on the implications of poor access to infrastructure services, and on intergenerational health externalities. The model is then presented and its properties analyzed. The impact of public policy is considered next, and the implications of the analysis for the debate on the relationship between women's labor supply and the level of development are discussed. The concluding section considers various extensions.

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