The epigenetics of early life adversity and trauma inheritance: an interview with Moshe Szyf

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Szyf
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hebrew University ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
Biological Development ◽  
Postdoctoral Fellowship

In this interview, Professor Moshe Szyf speaks with Storm Johnson, Commissioning Editor for Epigenomics, on his work to date in the field of social epigenetics. Szyf received his PhD from the Hebrew University and did his postdoctoral fellowship in genetics at Harvard Medical School, joined the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at McGill University in Montreal in 1989 and is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Academy of Health Sciences of Canada. He is the founding codirector of the Sackler Institute for Epigenetics and Psychobiology at McGill and is a Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Experience-Based Brain and Biological Development program. Szyf was the founder of the first pharma to develop epigenetic pharmacology, Methylgene Inc., and the journal Epigenetics. The Szyf lab proposed two decades ago that DNA methylation is a prime therapeutic target in cancer and other diseases and postulated and provided the first set of evidence that the social environment early in life can alter DNA methylation, launching the emerging field of social epigenetics.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Indigenous Tharu People in UNDP Supported Village Development Program: A case study of Benimanipur VDC, Nawaparasi, Western-Terai, Nepal

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 54-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damodar Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village

By using both qualitative and quantitative data generated from primary as well as secondary sources the study tries to find out to what extent the social mobilization approach of UNDP supported Village Development Program (VDP) was effective to include and able to empower the indigenous Tharu people. The socio-economic status of majority of Tharus was weak and limited by state policies since historical period and local power relations which played the pivotal role to result to exclude them from the mainstream of development. In macro level the social mobilization approach of VDP was strong to initiate the issue of inclusion to empower the marginalized people, but in local level it was weak to implement the policies efficiently and effectively regards to local diverse conditions and differentiated actors. The diversity in the village resulted in the different responses to the social mobilization program. Particularly the social mobilization process was generalized and limited by the local networks of power relation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v3i0.1496 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.III, Sept. 2008 p.54-72

scholarly journals Kebijakan Pengaturan Penggunaan Dana Bagi Hasil Cukai Hasil Tembakau Dalam Program Pembinaan Lingkungan Sosial Guna Pengentasan Kemiskinan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-152
Author(s):  
Suteki Suteki ◽  
Nastiti Rahajeng Putri
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
Social Environmental

The aim of this research is to find out how the regulation policy (formulation) of the use of the allocation of funds for tobacco excise revenue sharing (DBHCHT) is related to the social environmental development program. The results showed that the regulatory policy (formulation) on poverty alleviation through DBHCHT management in each region was different. This can lead to optimal management of DBHCHT because it is strong enough to involve all stakeholders in poverty alleviation while still relying on how the work of SKPD-SKPD, community and private sector to be actively involved. The role of the DBHCHT management policy formulation in poverty alleviation programs can actually be said to have a qualitatively significant role proven to be able to direct local government through empowering SKPDs to jointly implement poverty alleviation programs. Keywords: Law, Means of poverty alleviation, DBHCHT  Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan utnuk mengetahui bagaimanakah kebijakan pengaturan (formulasi) penggunaan alokasi dana bagi hasil cukai hasil tembakau (DBHCHT) terkait dengan program pembinaan lingkungan sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pengaturan (formulasi) tentang pengentasan kemiskinan melalui pengelolaan DBHCHT pada masing-masing daerah berbeda-beda. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan pengelolaan DBHCHT cukup optimal karena cukup kuat untuk melibatkan seluruh stakeholders dalam pengentasan kemiskinan meskipun tetap mengandalkan bagaimana kiprah SKPD-SKPD, masyarakat dan swasta untuk terlibat secara aktif.  Peran formulasi kebijakan pengelolaan DBHCHT dalam program pengentasan kemiskinan sebenarnya dapat dikatakan memiliki peran yang secara kualitatif signifikan terbukti mampu mengarahkan pemeritnah setempat melalui pemberdayaan SKPD-SKPD untuk secara bersama-sama melaksanakan program pengentasan kemiskinan. Kata kunci: Hukum, Sarana pengentasan kemiskinan, DBHCHT. 

scholarly journals Erasing the Social from Social Science: The Intellectual Costs of Boundary-Work and the Canadian Institute of Health Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelin E. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
The Social

In 2009, Canadian social science research funding underwent a transition. Social science health-research was shifted from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) to the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR), an agency previously dominated by natural and medical science. This paper examines the role of health-research funding structures in legitimizing and/or delimiting what counts as ‘good’ social science health research. Engaging Gieryn’s (1983) notion of ‘boundary-work’ and interviews with qualitative social science graduate students, it investigates how applicants developed proposals for CIHR. Findings show that despite claiming to be interdisciplinary, the practical mechanisms through which CIHR funding is distributed reinforce rigid boundaries of what counts as legitimate health research. These boundaries are reinforced by applicants who felt pressure to prioritize what they perceived was what funders wanted (accommodating natural-science research culture), resulting in erased, elided, and disguised social science theories and methods common for ‘good social science.’

scholarly journals Social Roles in the Ethnographic Fieldwork

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desalegn Amsalu
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Global Literature ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Social

This paper investigates the concept of social roles in ethnographic fieldwork, its place in the global literature discussing qualitative research methods, and its application in the Ethiopian ethnographic fieldwork. I discuss that social roles are all about seeing one’s role and status, in this case, as researchers, in the social structure of a society or community we do the ethnographic research. Based on my own experience and the experience of other ethnographers elsewhere, I argue that a conscious use of our social roles is a <i>sin qua non</i> for successful ethnographic fieldwork. However, this concept has been given less emphasis in the literature of qualitative research methods. Social roles in the ethnographic fieldwork are especially less known in the Ethiopian ethnographic research experience. <b> </b>

scholarly journals CONSENSUAL GAMES IN NETWORK WARS AND THE IMPLANT PHENOMENON

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
E.V. Bakshutova
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Online Discussions ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Russian President ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medicine Education

This article summarizes the author's research experience in 2018-2020 on the possibility of script implantation in online discussions of an aggressive nature to prevent their destructive impact on personality and social consent. At this stage, script implantation is conceptualized by us as network peacekeeping to reduce the level of aggression in communications. The work analyzes how peacemaking is presented in scientific literature of various directions - military, philosophical, political science, conflictological, and it is revealed that the psychological aspects of peacekeeping are of increasing interest, since the practice of peacekeeping is fraught with many problems. Moreover, the practice of network peacemaking as work with language and group sociocognitive psychology is offered for the first time. The study was conducted in 2018-2020 in the Russian-speaking sector of the social network Facebook. It is shown that the analysis of 5022 comments in 2018, 2458 - in 2019, 3139 - in 2020 allows identifying such trigger topics of online discussions as “It is good or bad to be Russian”, “President of Russia”, “Ukraine”, “Protests”. Social issues: the problems of pensioners, childhood, medicine, education - are discussed, but with less intensity. Summarizing the experience of search experiments, the author shows in which categories and subcategories such phenomena as collective fears, resentment, aggression, separatism and terrorism are represented. Work on creating script templates for networked peacekeeping is noted. An expert assessment of the selected texts allows us to assert that the management of triggered discussions is possible. The research is financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, project no. 18-013-00171 А.

Abstract 24: Prenatal Socioeconomic Position is Associated with Adipose Tissue DNA Methylation in Women and Not Men

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Golareh Agha ◽  
Andres E Houseman ◽  
Karl T Kelsey ◽  
Charles B Eaton ◽  
Stephen L Buka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
New England ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Socioeconomic Index ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

RATIONALE: Adiposity is a major cardiovascular risk factor, suggesting an important role for adipose tissue in development of cardiovascular outcomes. There is evidence that early life adversity has a lasting impact on the development of adiposity, particularly in women. In utero exposure to famine was related to adulthood adiposity in women but not men, and associations between early life socioeconomic adversity and adulthood adiposity is established in women but less so in men. There is interest in epigenetic mechanisms by which early life adversity may program risk for adiposity, and utilizing directly affected tissue such as adipose tissue is ideal for investigating such mechanisms. Objective: To determine whether prenatally-assessed socioeconomic index (SEI) is associated with adulthood genome-wide DNA methylation in blood and adipose tissue, and whether associations differ between men and women. Methods: Participants (aged 44-50 y) were from the New England Family Study birth cohort, born in Providence, RI. Of 400 participants assessed during 2010-2011, a representative subsample of 106 participants (68 women, 38 men) was selected for DNA methylation analyses. SEI was measured prenatally as a composite numerical score, using a weighted percentile of both parents’ educational attainment, occupation, and income relative to the US population. DNA methylation in subcutaneous adipose tissue and peripheral blood leukocytes was evaluated using the Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip. Results: Prenatal SEI was associated with adipose tissue DNA methylation in women (permutation-based omnibus p-values <0.001), but not men or the pooled sample. Associations in women were not attenuated after adjustment for race, current smoking, or mother’s smoking during pregnancy. Prenatal SEI was not related to blood DNA methylation. Conclusion: Results provide mechanistic insight on the association between early life adversity and adulthood adiposity, which is seen mainly in women.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation Patterns in the Social Spider, Stegodyphus dumicola

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglin Liu ◽  
Anne Aagaard ◽  
Jesper Bechsgaard ◽  
Trine Bilde
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Social Spider ◽  
The Social ◽  
Genome Bisulfite Sequencing ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis

Variation in DNA methylation patterns among genes, individuals, and populations appears to be highly variable among taxa, but our understanding of the functional significance of this variation is still incomplete. We here present the first whole genome bisulfite sequencing of a chelicerate species, the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. We show that DNA methylation occurs mainly in CpG context and is concentrated in genes. This is a pattern also documented in other invertebrates. We present RNA sequence data to investigate the role of DNA methylation in gene regulation and show that, within individuals, methylated genes are more expressed than genes that are not methylated and that methylated genes are more stably expressed across individuals than unmethylated genes. Although no causal association is shown, this lends support for the implication of DNA CpG methylation in regulating gene expression in invertebrates. Differential DNA methylation between populations showed a small but significant correlation with differential gene expression. This is consistent with a possible role of DNA methylation in local adaptation. Based on indirect inference of the presence and pattern of DNA methylation in chelicerate species whose genomes have been sequenced, we performed a comparative phylogenetic analysis. We found strong evidence for exon DNA methylation in the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus and in all spider and scorpion species, while most Parasitiformes and Acariformes species seem to have lost DNA methylation.

VoxGov Revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Megan D. Graewingholt
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
General Public ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
The Social

VoxGov is a cutting-edge discovery platform for finding and analyzing government information, encompassing a vast collection of official documents, legislative information, and social media content all in one place. This comprehensive resource engages researchers in fresh and dynamic ways, provides superior analytical features, and surpasses comparable products in the value and diversity of its content. For scholars, legal experts and the general public alike, the growing importance of examining the social media footprint generated by the executive branch, government agencies and legislators cannot be understated. Given the massive output and changing nature of government web presences, VoxGov is well-timed aggregator of ephemeral online content, and delivers a powerful research experience for exploring official government information in the digital age.

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