Antifungal activity of β-lapachone against azole-resistant Candida spp. and its aspects upon biofilm formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 1543-1554
Author(s):  
Cecília R da Silva ◽  
Rosana de S Campos ◽  
João B de A Neto ◽  
Letícia S Sampaio ◽  
Francisca BSA do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Planktonic Form ◽  
Resistant Strains

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the antifungal effect of β-lapachone (β-lap) on azole-resistant strains of Candida spp. in both planktonic and biofilm form. Materials & methods: The antifungal activity of β-lap was evaluated by broth microdilution, flow cytometry and the comet assay. The cell viability of the biofilms was assessed using the MTT assay. Results: β-lap showed antifungal activity against resistant strains of Candida spp. in planktonic form. In addition, β-lap decreased the viability of mature biofilms and inhibited the formation of biofilms in vitro. Conclusion: β-lap showed antifungal activity against Candida spp., suggesting that the compound can be utilized as an adjunct agent in the treatment of candidiasis.

scholarly journals Effect of Distreptaza Distrept on the specific activity of fluconazole against Candida biofilms

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
N.O. Vrynchanu ◽  
N.I. Hrynchuk ◽  
V.V. Samsonova
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The One

The ability of yeast-like fungi to form biofilms (structurally organized microbial communities) leads to chronicity of the inflammatory process and recurrent course of mycoses. Biofilms formed by the fungus Candida spp. are characterized by increased resistance to most antifungals and effectors of the immune system. Promising antibiotics are enzymes. Their specificity to the structural components of the biofilm can be used to prevent biofilm formation and destruction of the formed biofilm. The article presents the results of studying the sensitivity biofilms formed by Candida fungi to the action of the enzyme drug Distreptaza Distrept, as well as its effect on the specific antifungal activity of fluconazole.Research objective: to evaluate the Distreptaza Distrept impact on the antifungal activity of fluconazole on biofilms of Candida spp.Materials and methods. One-day cultures of C. albicans and C. glabrata were used in the experiments. To study the effect on biofilm formation Distreptaza Distrept, fluconazole solutions and microorganisms were applied simultaneously, when exposed to the formed biofilms for 24 h after application of the fungal inoculum. The experiments were carried out in accordance with conventional methods based on the sorption of gentian violet by biofilm structures with subsequent desorption of the dye in an organic solvent.Results. Experiments have shown that Distreptaza Distrept disrupts the film formation of C. glabrata, the inhibition is 85.6%. The enzyme preparation affects the biofilms formed by yeast-like fungi, biomass of C. glabrata decreases by 43.6%. It was found that Distreptaza Distrept enhances the specific antibiotic action of fluconazole at the stage of film formation against C. albicans by 13.1%, C. glabrata by 70.4%. Biomass of the one-day biofilm formed by C. glabrata is reduced by 80.2% if there was an enzyme drug and fluconazole in the incubation medium.Conclusion. Distreptaza Distrept has antibiotic biofilm activity, increases the specific antifungal effect of fluconazole on biofilms of Candida fungi. The data obtained indicate the feasibility of this drug in recurrent infections caused by yeast-like fungi, including diseases caused by azole-resistant strains of Candida spp.

scholarly journals Berberine Antifungal Activity in Fluconazole-Resistant Pathogenic Yeasts: Action Mechanism Evaluated by Flow Cytometry and Biofilm Growth Inhibition in Candida spp.

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 3551-3557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Ramos da Silva ◽  
João Batista de Andrade Neto ◽  
Cecília Rocha da Silva ◽  
Rosana de Sousa Campos ◽  
Rose Anny Costa Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant

The incidence of fungal infections and, in particular, the incidence of fungal antibiotic resistance, which is associated with biofilm formation, have significantly increased, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Thus, new therapeutic strategies need to be developed. In this context, natural products have emerged as a major source of possible antifungal agents. Berberine is a protoberberine-type isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the roots, rhizomes, and stem bark of natural herbs, such asBerberis aquifolium,Berberis vulgaris,Berberis aristata, andHydrastis canadensis, and ofPhellodendron amurense. Berberine has been proven to have broad antibacterial and antifungal activity. In the present study, the potential antifungal effect of berberine against fluconazole-resistantCandidaandCryptococcus neoformansstrains, as well as against the biofilm form ofCandidaspp., was assessed. The antifungal effect of berberine was determined by a broth microdilution method (the M27-A3 method of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) and flow cytometry techniques, in which the probable mechanism of action of the compound was also assessed. For biofilm assessment, a colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the susceptibility of sessile cells. The isolates used in the study belonged to the Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL) of the Federal University of Ceará. After 24 and 72 h, fluconazole-resistantCandidaandCryptococcus neoformansstrains showed berberine MICs equal to 8 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml, respectively. Cytometric analysis showed that treatment with berberine caused alterations to the integrity of the plasma and mitochondrial membranes and DNA damage, which led to cell death, probably by apoptosis. Assessment of biofilm-forming isolates after treatment showed statistically significant reductions in biofilm cell activity (P< 0.001).

Evaluation of the antifungal activity in vitro of midazolam against fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Maria AV Holanda ◽  
Cecília R da Silva ◽  
João B de A Neto ◽  
Lívia G do AV Sá ◽  
Francisca BSA do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of midazolam, alone and in association with azoles, against isolates of clinical Candida spp. in planktonic and biofilm form. Materials & methods: The antifungal activity was observed using the broth microdilution technique. Flow cytometry tests were performed to investigate the probable mechanism of action and the comet test and cytotoxicity test were applied to evaluate DNA damage. Results: Midazolam (MIDAZ) showed antifungal activity against planktonic cells (125–250 μg/ml) and reduced the viability of Candida spp. biofilms (125 a 2500 μg/ml). The interaction of MIDAZ against Candida spp. biofilms was observed through scanning electron microscopy, causing alteration of their appearance. Therefore, MIDAZ has antifungal potential against Candida spp.

scholarly journals Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes with the Clinically Used Fluconazole: Comparison of Antifungal Activity and Therapeutic Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nevena Lj. Stevanović ◽  
Ivana Aleksic ◽  
Jakob Kljun ◽  
Sanja Skaro Bogojevic ◽  
Aleksandar Veselinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Pyocyanin Production

Copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with clinically used antifungal drug fluconazole (fcz), {[CuCl2(fcz)2].5H2O}n, 1, and {[ZnCl2(fcz)2]·2C2H5OH}n, 2, were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The polymeric structure of the complexes comprises four fluconazole molecules monodentately coordinated via the triazole nitrogen and two chlorido ligands. With respect to fluconazole, complex 2 showed significantly higher antifungal activity against Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. All tested compounds reduced the total amount of ergosterol at subinhibitory concentrations, indicating that the mode of activity of fluconazole was retained within the complexes, which was corroborated via molecular docking with cytochrome P450 sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) as a target. Electrostatic, steric and internal energy interactions between the complexes and enzyme showed that 2 has higher binding potency to this target. Both complexes showed strong inhibition of C. albicans filamentation and biofilm formation at subinhibitory concentrations, with 2 being able to reduce the adherence of C. albicans to A549 cells in vitro. Complex 2 was able to reduce pyocyanin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa between 10% and 25% and to inhibit its biofilm formation by 20% in comparison to the untreated control. These results suggest that complex 2 may be further examined in the mixed Candida-P. aeruginosa infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Impact of Biofilms on Bloodstream and Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Henrique Pinto ◽  
Manuel Simões ◽  
Anabela Borges
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Tract Infections

This study sought to assess the prevalence and impact of biofilms on two commonly biofilm-related infections, bloodstream and urinary tract infections (BSI and UTI). Separated systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies were carried out in PubMed and Web of Sciences databases from January 2005 to May 2020, following PRISMA protocols. Studies were selected according to specific and defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The obtained outcomes were grouped into biofilm production (BFP) prevalence, BFP in resistant vs. susceptible strains, persistent vs. non-persistent BSI, survivor vs. non-survivor patients with BSI, and catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) vs. non-CAUTI. Single-arm and two-arm analyses were conducted for data analysis. In vitro BFP in BSI was highly related to resistant strains (odds ratio-OR: 2.68; 95% confidence intervals-CI: 1.60–4.47; p < 0.01), especially for methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. BFP was also highly linked to BSI persistence (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.28–5.48; p < 0.01) and even to mortality (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.53–2.74; p < 0.01). Candida spp. was the microorganism group where the highest associations were observed. Biofilms seem to impact Candida BSI independently from clinical differences, including treatment interventions. Regarding UTI, multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains of Escherichia coli, were linked to a great BFP prevalence (OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.30–6.54; p < 0.01 and OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.33–5.86; p < 0.01). More in vitro BFP was shown in CAUTI compared to non-CAUTI, but with less statistical confidence (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 0.67–10.17; p < 0.17). This study highlights that biofilms must be recognized as a BSI and UTI resistance factor as well as a BSI virulence factor.

scholarly journals Orodispersible Film Loaded with Enterococcus faecium CRL183 Presents Anti-Candida albicans Biofilm Activity In Vitro

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Virgínia Barreto Lordello ◽  
Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin ◽  
Sarah Raquel de Annunzio ◽  
Maria Pía Taranto ◽  
Marlus Chorilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Control Film ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: Probiotic bacteria have been emerging as a trustworthy choice for the prevention and treatment of Candida spp. infections. This study aimed to develop and characterize an orodispersible film (ODF) for delivering the potentially probiotic Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 into the oral cavity, evaluating its in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Methods and Results: The ODF was composed by carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, and potato starch, and its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were studied. The probiotic resistance and viability during processing and storage were evaluated as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against C. albicans. The ODFs were thin, resistant, and flexible, with neutral pH and microbiologically safe. The probiotic resisted the ODF obtaining process, demonstrating high viability (>9 log10 CFU·g−1), up to 90 days of storage at room temperature. The Probiotic Film promoted 68.9% of reduction in fungal early biofilm and 91.2% in its mature biofilm compared to the group stimulated with the control film. Those results were confirmed through SEM images. Conclusion: The probiotic ODF developed is a promising strategy to prevent oral candidiasis, since it permits the local probiotic delivery, which in turn was able to reduce C. albicans biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Biodirected Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Honey Solutions and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity against Pathogenic Candida Spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7715
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Czernel ◽  
Dominika Bloch ◽  
Arkadiusz Matwijczuk ◽  
Jolanta Cieśla ◽  
Monika Kędzierska-Matysek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Honey Solution ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous honey solutions with a concentration of 2%, 10%, and 20%—AgNPs-H2, AgNPs-H10, and AgNPs-H20. The reaction was conducted at 35 °C and 70 °C. Additionally, nanoparticles obtained with the citrate method (AgNPs-C), while amphotericin B (AmB) and fluconazole were used as controls. The presence and physicochemical properties of AgNPs was affirmed by analyzing the sample with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The 20% honey solution caused an inhibition of the synthesis of nanoparticles at 35 °C. The antifungal activity of the AgNPs was evaluated using opportunistic human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The antifungal effect was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion assay. The highest activity in the MIC tests was observed in the AgNPs-H2 variant. AgNPs-H10 and AgNPs-H20 showed no activity or even stimulated fungal growth. The results of the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test for C. parapsilosis strains indicated stronger antifungal activity of AgNPs-H than fluconazole. The study demonstrated that the antifungal activity of AgNPs is closely related to the concentration of honey used for the synthesis thereof.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Crotoxin as an Antiseptic against Candida spp. Biofilms

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Amanda Pissinatti Canelli ◽  
Taís Fernanda dos Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Vivian Fernandes Furletti de Goes ◽  
Guilherme Ferreira Caetano ◽  
Maurício Ventura Mazzi
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

The growing number of oral infections caused by the Candida species are becoming harder to treat as the commonly used antibiotics become less effective. This drawback has led to the search for alternative strategies of treatment, which include the use of antifungal molecules derived from natural products. Herein, crotoxin (CTX), the main toxin of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, was challenged against Candida tropicalis (CBS94) and Candida dubliniensis (CBS7987) strains by in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), and inhibition of biofilm formation were evaluated after CTX treatment. In addition, CTX-induced cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells was assessed by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay. Native CTX showed a higher antimicrobial activity (MIC = 47 μg/mL) when compared to CTX-containing mouthwash (MIC = 750 μg/mL) and nystatin (MIC = 375 μg/mL). Candida spp biofilm formation was more sensitive to both CTX and CTX-containing mouthwash (IC100 = 12 μg/mL) when compared to nystatin (IC100 > 47 μg/mL). Moreover, significant membrane permeabilization at concentrations of 1.5 and 47 µg/mL was observed. Native CTX was less cytotoxic to HaCaT cells than CTX-containing mouthwash or nystatin between 24 and 48 h. These preliminary findings highlight the potential use of CTX in the treatment of oral candidiasis caused by resistant strains.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Dermatophytes to Thiabendazole Using CLSI Broth Macrodilution

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrén Robledo-Leal ◽  
Mariana Elizondo-Zertuche ◽  
Gloria M. González
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Broth Macrodilution

Objective. To evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of thiabendazole against strains of dermatophytes using a reference method for filamentous fungi. Materials and Methods. Dermatophytes’ susceptibility to thiabendazole (TBZ) and fluconazole (FCZ) was evaluated using macrodilution method of protocol M38-A2 of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results. MIC ranges of TBZ for all strains were narrower and/or smaller than those of FCZ. TBZ showed a significantly greater potency than FCZ () against all isolates. Discussion. Although there have been approaches to evaluate the antifungal activity of TBZ in human mycoses, no tests had been made with a standardized protocol. Susceptibility data resulted from this study shows that although TBZ is not a particularly strong inhibitor of dermatophytes, it displays a stable and constant effect against all isolates tested. Conclusion. Results show that TBZ is more effective against strains of dermatophytes than FCZ. We acknowledge the antifungal effect of TBZ against dermatophyte isolates.

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