Environmental pollutants induce noninherited antibiotic resistance to polymyxin B in Escherichia coli

Aim: The mechanisms behind antibiotic resistance by bacteria are important to create alternative molecules. Objective: This study focuses on the impact of environmental pollutants on bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Materials & methods: The effect of various environmental pollutants on noninherited bacterial resistance to antibiotics was examined. Results: The tolerance to the polymyxin-B antibiotic was shown to be conferred to Escherichia coli, by pretreatment with subinhibitory concentrations of environmental toxicants. The cell survival to a sublethal dosage of antibiotics was tested. Exposure to low concentrations of toxic compounds (500 ppb copper, 2% [v/v] ethanol or 0.5 μg/ml trimethoprim) stimulated the bacterial heat shock systems and led to increased tolerance to polymyxin B. Conclusion: Environmental pollutants induce a temporary bacterial noninheritable resistance to antibiotic.

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ANALYSIS OF MICROFLORA IN MODERN OUTPATIENT CLINIC

Archiv Euromedica ◽

10.35630/2199-885x/2020/10/26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 92-93

Author(s):

Mikhail Pahomov ◽

Artyom Morozov ◽

Alexey Sergeev ◽

Evgeny Mokhov, ◽

Nikolay Sergeev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Resistance To Antibiotics ◽

The Right

Antibiotic resistance is a global problem of modern medicine. In the research a microflora of out-patient department visitors in 2018–2019 was examined. It was revealed that the most often microbes were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli. The dynamics of bacterial resistance to antibiotics was also analyzed. The multiple bacterial resistance to antibiotics were detected. The data show a rapid resistance genes spread among non-hospital strains, which necessitates constant monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity in order to develop the right tactics to combat antibiotic resistance.

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Activation of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains by Aryloxoalcanoic Acid Compounds

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.45.6.1815-1822.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 1815-1822 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Claudia Balagué ◽

Eleonora Garcı́a Véscovi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Regulatory System ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Structural Level ◽

Pharmacological Agents ◽

Regulatory Pathways ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Clofibric and ethacrynic acids are prototypical pharmacological agents administered in the treatment of hypertrigliceridemia and as a diuretic agent, respectively. They share with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (the widely used herbicide known as 2,4-D) a chlorinated phenoxy structural moiety. These aryloxoalcanoic agents (AOAs) are mainly excreted by the renal route as unaltered or conjugated active compounds. The relatedness of these agents at the structural level and their potential effect on therapeutically treated or occupationally exposed individuals who are simultaneously undergoing a bacterial urinary tract infection led us to analyze their action on uropathogenic, clinically isolated Escherichia colistrains. We found that exposure to these compounds increases the bacterial resistance to an ample variety of antibiotics in clinical isolates of both uropathogenic and nonpathogenic E. colistrains. We demonstrate that the AOAs induce an alteration of the bacterial outer membrane permeability properties by the repression of the major porin OmpF in a micF-dependent process. Furthermore, we establish that the antibiotic resistance phenotype is primarily due to the induction of the MarRAB regulatory system by the AOAs, while other regulatory pathways that also converge intomicF modulation (OmpR/EnvZ, SoxRS, and Lrp) remained unaltered. The fact that AOAs give rise to uropathogenic strains with a diminished susceptibility to antimicrobials highlights the impact of frequently underestimated or ignored collateral effects of chemical agents.

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Biocide-Induced Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.640923 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Beatriz Merchel Piovesan Pereira ◽

Xiaokang Wang ◽

Ilias Tagkopoulos

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Multidrug Efflux ◽

Adaptive Laboratory Evolution ◽

Resistance To Antibiotics ◽

Biocide Resistance ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Biocide use is essential and ubiquitous, exposing microbes to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antiseptics, disinfectants, and preservatives. This can lead to the emergence of biocide resistance, and more importantly, potential cross-resistance to antibiotics, although the degree, frequency, and mechanisms that give rise to this phenomenon are still unclear. Here, we systematically performed adaptive laboratory evolution of the gut bacteria Escherichia coli in the presence of sub-inhibitory, constant concentrations of ten widespread biocides. Our results show that 17 out of 40 evolved strains (43%) also decreased the susceptibility to medically relevant antibiotics. Through whole-genome sequencing, we identified mutations related to multidrug efflux proteins (mdfA and acrR), porins (envZ and ompR), and RNA polymerase (rpoA and rpoBC), as mechanisms behind the resulting (cross)resistance. We also report an association of several genes (yeaW, pyrE, yqhC, aes, pgpA, and yeeP-isrC) and specific mutations that induce cross-resistance, verified through mutation repairs. A greater capacity for biofilm formation with respect to the parent strain was also a common feature in 11 out of 17 (65%) cross-resistant strains. Evolution in the biocides chlorophene, benzalkonium chloride, glutaraldehyde, and chlorhexidine had the most impact in antibiotic susceptibility, while hydrogen peroxide and povidone-iodine the least. No cross-resistance to antibiotics was observed for isopropanol, ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, and peracetic acid. This work reinforces the link between exposure to biocides and the potential for cross-resistance to antibiotics, presents evidence on the underlying mechanisms of action, and provides a prioritized list of biocides that are of greater concern for public safety from the perspective of antibiotic resistance.Significance StatementBacterial resistance and decreased susceptibility to antimicrobials is of utmost concern. There is evidence that improper biocide (antiseptic and disinfectant) use and discard may select for bacteria cross-resistant to antibiotics. Understanding the cross-resistance emergence and the risks associated with each of those chemicals is relevant for proper applications and recommendations. Our work establishes that not all biocides are equal when it comes to their risk of inducing antibiotic resistance; it provides evidence on the mechanisms of cross-resistance and a risk assessment of the biocides concerning antibiotic resistance under residual sub-inhibitory concentrations.

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EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PLASMID CURING ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ON SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 323-327

Author(s):

Mamunu Abdulkadir SULAIMAN ◽

H.S Muhammad ◽

Aliyu Muhammad Sani ◽

Aminu Ibrahim ◽

Ibrahim Muhammad Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Plasmid Curing ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

E Coli ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Mar Index ◽

The Impact

Multidrug resistance (MDR) exhibited by some strains of Escherichia coli may be due to acquiring mobile genetic element (R-plasmid) by the bacteria, or intrinsically induced by inappropriate use of antibiotics by the hosts. Infection by such strains may result to prolonged illness and greater risk of death. The study evaluated the impact of curing on antibiotic resistance on selected clinical isolates of E. coli. Twenty clinical isolates of E. coli from our previous studies were re-characterized using conventional microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by disk diffusion method, MDR selected based on resistance to ≥ 2 classes of antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was determined as ratio of the number of antibiotic resisted to the total number of antibiotics tested and considered significant if ≥. 0.2. The isolates that showed significant MAR index were subjected to plasmid curing using acridine orange, thereafter, profiled for plasmid and the cured ones were re-tested against the antibiotics they initially resisted. Out of the 20 isolates, 19 (95%) were confirmed as E. coli, all (100%) of which were MDRs, which was highest against augmentin (78.9%) followed by amoxacillin (52.6%). However, after the plasmid curing only 6 (31.6%) out of the 19 isolates cured retained significant MAR index and the level of the significance had reduced drastically in 16 (84.2%) isolates. Conclusively, curing assay can completely eliminate R-plasmid acquired resistance. More studied on plasmid curing agents for possible augmentation of the agents into antibiotics may see the rise of successful antibiotic era again.

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Antibiotic-resistantEscherichia coliin market pigs in 1956–1979: the emergence of organisms with plasmid-borne trimethoprim resistance

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400027005 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 467-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

H. Williams Smith

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Low Concentration ◽

E Coli ◽

Low Concentrations

SUMMARYSurveys conducted since 1956 on the antibiotic resistance of theEscherichia coliin faecal specimens from pigs entering Chelmsford Market have revealed that despite the implementation of the Swann Report in 1971 pigs are still an enormous reservior of tetracycline-resistantE. coliwith conjugative ability.Increasingly large amounts ofE. coliresistant to streptomycin and sulphonamides were found in specimens examined in recent years unitl in 1979 the amounts present approached those of tetracycline-resistant organisms.E. coliresistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, neomycin, furazolidone or spectinomycin were present, usually in low concentration, in a considerable proportion of the specimens at each yearly examination but the concentration and incidence of these organisms showed no obvious sign of increasing with time. Much of this resistance, except to furazolidone, was of the transferable type.Until 1979 the incidence of faecal specimens containing trimethoprim-resistantE. coliwas very low. It increased significantly in that year, most of the resistance being plasmid-, or possibly transposon-determined.The result of surveys performed in a Cambridgeshire market in 1978 and 1979, which showed that a high proportion of faecal specimens contained low concentrations of trimethoprim-resistantE. coli, in general resembled those of the corresponding Chelmsford surveys, suggesting that all the Chelmsford surveys may have accurately reflected the position in the national pig herd.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Wine in Relation to Bacterial Resistance to Medicinal Antibiotics

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.1.2349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 45-48

Author(s):

Mladen Boban ◽

Nataša Boban ◽

Marija Tonkić ◽

Mia Grga ◽

Ana Marija Milat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Principal Mechanism ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance To Antibiotics ◽

Time Kill

Although antimicrobial properties of wine have been extensively studied, antimicrobial effects of wine in relation to bacterial resistance to medicinal antibiotics have not been examined. Therefore, our aim was to determine whether bacterial resistance to antibiotics can be related to their resistance to red wine as an unspecific antimicrobial medium. The organisms studied were Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and two clinical isolates which exhibited different resistance to antibiotics, ESBL - producing Escherichia coli UR 3612 and Salmonella enteritidis KK 962. The time-kill curves method was used. The minimal incubation time of the bacterial suspension with wine, necessary for prevention of bacterial growth, was 3 and 20 min for E. coli ATCC and ESBL E. coli respectively. This was associated with susceptibility testing in which E. coli ATCC proved highly sensitive in contrast to ESBL-producing E. coli, which exhibited resistance to a spectrum of antimicrobial drugs of different classes regarding their principal mechanism of action. In the case of S. enteritidis strains, they were similar in their susceptibility against test antibiotics and time-kill curves following exposure to wine. Bacterial resistance to wine is closely associated with bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs. The exact mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of wine are still a matter of debate. However, wine might be less susceptible to bacterial resistance development and may include mechanisms different from those of medicinal antibiotics. The present study represents an initial contribution to this important subject which has been practically unexplored.

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Determining the Rate of Development of Antibiotic Resistance to Streptomycin and Doxycycline in Escherichia coli

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal ◽

10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2265 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 2-7

Author(s):

Dominique Tertigas ◽

Gemma Barber

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Small Scale ◽

Rate Of Development ◽

E Coli ◽

Successive Generations

Antibiotic resistance is a pressing issue in the medical field today. It is important to understand the development of bacterial resistance to implement effective preventative measures against antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the rate at which Escherichia coli (E. coli), a common pathogen, developed resistance to streptomycin and doxycycline, as Oz et al. (2014) showed differing levels of resistance in E. coli to these two antibiotics. The development of antibiotic resistance was measured by adding E. coli to 96-well plates in the presence of increasing doses of doxycycline, streptomycin, or a combination treatment. Successive generations were added to the same treatments to see whether they would grow at higher concentrations of antibiotic. The change in minimum inhibitory concentration for streptomycin and doxycycline was determined as the bacteria became increasingly resistant to each antibiotic. The fastest rate of antibiotic resistance was observed for streptomycin, with doxycycline resistance exhibiting a slower rate of development. The rate of resistance development for the combination treatment was the slowest, potentially due to small differences in target domains. Some cross-resistance was also observed. This study provides a small-scale methodological basis and preliminary insight on antibiotic resistance trends for two antibiotic classes and a combination treatment.

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Resistance to Antibiotics in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Infection Control ◽

10.1017/s0195941700062627 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 64-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas F. O'Brien ◽

Kenneth H. Mayer ◽

John D. Hopkins ◽

John J. Farrell ◽

Lee Chao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Resistance To Antibiotics ◽

Medical Centers ◽

The Us ◽

Multiple Antibiotics

AbstractThe antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 12 medical centers worldwide, over a 1- to 6-year period, were tested. Clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin. Resistance to other antibiotics was less frequent with isolates of K. pneumoniae from 5 of 6 US centers than with those from 6 centers outside the US. In nearly all of the centers, resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, tobramycin, or chloramphenicol was more frequent in isolates of K. pneumoniae than in those of Escherichia coli, while the reverse was true for resistance to tetracycline. Resistance to multiple antibiotics declined gradually in isolates of K. pneumoniae at one center, but rose abruptly again with dissemination of a new plasmid.

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Interactions of polymyxin B with lipopolysaccharide-containing membranes

Faraday Discussions ◽

10.1039/d1fd00036e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alice Goode ◽

Vivien Yeh ◽

Boyan B Bonev

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Cationic Peptide ◽

Negative Spectrum ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Resistance To Antibiotics

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics constantly remodels the battlefront between infections and antibiotic therapy. Polymyxin B, a cationic peptide with anti-Gram-negative spectrum of activity is re-entering use as a last resort...

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A National Estimate of the Health and Cost Burden of Escherichia coli Bacteraemia in the Hospital Setting: The Importance of Antibiotic Resistance

10.1101/153775 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

NR Naylor ◽

KB Pouwels ◽

R Hope ◽

N Green ◽

KL Henderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Cost Burden ◽

E Coli ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Surveillance Database

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic resistance poses a threat to public health and a burden to healthcare systems. Escherichia coli causes more bacteraemia cases in England than any other bacterial species, these infections, in part due to their high incidence, also pose a significant antibiotic resistance burden. The main aim of this study was to estimate the impact of E. coli bacteraemia on patient in-hospital mortality and length of stay. Secondarily, this study also aimed to estimate the effect of antibiotic resistance on these outcomes.Methods and FindingsCase patients were adult E. coli bacteraemia patients infected between July 2011 and June 2012, as reported in an English national mandatory surveillance database, with susceptibility data taken from a national laboratory surveillance database. Control patients were all non-case, adult patients with an English hospital admission record. Case and control patient characteristics and admission information were taken from NHS Digital Datasets. ‘Resistance’ was defined as non-susceptible and intermediate isolates, whilst ‘susceptible’ was defined as susceptible and non-tested isolates. Time to in-hospital mortality and discharge was investigated through Cox proportional hazards models. To acquire estimates of excess length of stay, multistate models were constructed, with a unit bed day cost applied to estimate cost burden. The total number of case and control hospital spells was 14,051 and 8,919,275 respectively. Acquisition of E. coli bacteraemia was associated with a statistically significant increased daily risk of in-hospital mortality, especially for the first eight days of someone’s hospital admission [Hazard Ratio = 2.77 (95% confidence interval; 2.61-2.94)]. Antibiotic resistance did not seem to significantly increase this risk further, though did significantly reduce risk of experiencing a discharge event (dead or alive). E.coli bacteraemia was estimated to cost £14,340,900 over the study period (rounded to the nearest £100), with resistance associated with excess costs per infection of £220 - £420 dependent on resistance type, for those where a significant impact was found (rounded to the nearest £10).ConclusionsE. coli bacteraemia places a significant burden on patient health and on the hospital sector in England. Resistance is an important factor on length of stay with regards to such infections.

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