scholarly journals SELF-PERCEPTION OF SPORTING ABILITIES OF FEMALE ATHLETES WHEN COMPARED WITH SAME-SEX AND OPPOSITE-SEX ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Jovana Trbojević ◽  
Jelica Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Opposite Sex

The aim of this study is to determine how top-level female soccer and volleyball players, and young, cadet and junior female volleyball players view themselves, their abilities, and their specific motor skills for sport in relation to other female and male athletes. In Study 1, the sample consisted of 24 female top soccer and volleyball players of the highest sporting rank in Serbia. In Study 2, the sample consisted of 31 female cadet and junior volleyball players. They all filled out a brief questionnaire regarding self-perception about their sporting abilities, when compared with same-sex and opposite-sex athletes of the same rank, sport and age. The results of Study 1 show that female top soccer and volleyball players perceive themselves as less competent when compared with male athletes of the same sport and age (t(22)=5.97, p=.00). The results of Study 2 show that female cadet and junior volleyball players perceive themselves as less competent in Serve strength (t(29)=3.27, p=.030) and Physical endurance and strength (t(29)=2.52, p=.017) when compared with male volleyball players of the same age. The obtained results call for further examination of gender differences in perceived self-competence.

scholarly journals Diferencias de sexo respecto de la ansiedad asociada a la competición deportiva (Gender differences in relation to anxiety associated with sports competitions)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Ponseti Verdaguer ◽  
Alexandre García Más ◽  
Jaume Cantallops Ramón ◽  
Josep Vidal Conti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

El presente trabajo retoma y actualiza las relaciones entre sexo y ansiedad en los deportes de competición. Se analizan las relaciones existentes entre el sexo, la ansiedad competitiva y el tipo de deporte practicado. Se han estudiado 126 deportistas federados de ambos sexos (43 nadadores y 83 baloncestistas), con una edad media de 14.85 años (DE= 2.41), durante la temporada 2013-14, a los cuales se les administró la versión adaptada al español de la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva (SAS-2). Los resultados muestran que existe un nivel mayor de ansiedad competitiva en las mujeres que en los varones, de forma similar a hallazgos anteriores, aunque los resultados también indican diferencias entre deportes individuales y colectivos, así como diferencias entre los valores de los tres componentes de la ansiedad competitiva: somática, promotora de desconcentración y de preocupación por el rendimiento. Así, las mujeres muestran una mayor preocupación por el rendimiento y ansiedad somática que los hombres. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados en función de otros hallazgos y del concepto multidimensional de la ansiedad competitiva.Abstract. The relationship between gender and anxiety in competitive sports has been taken up and updated by this research. In fact, we analyzed the relation between gender, anxiety, and sports modalities. The study sample was composed by 126 federated female and male athletes (43 swimmers and 83 basketball players), with a mean age of 14.85 years (SD=2.41), during the season 2013-14. Athletes were administered the Spanish adapted version of Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). In line with previous findings, our results show that female athletes have higher competitive anxiety than their male colleagues. In addition, differences were found between individual and team sports, as well as comparing the values of the three components of competitive anxiety: somatic, lack of concentration, and concerns about performance. Women show greater concern about their performance, as well as higher somatic anxiety than men. Finally, the results are discussed and compared with other findings and with the multidimensional concept of competitive anxiety.

Response Preference within the Rotter I-E Scale: Perceived Locus of Control of Self, Average, and Ideal Others

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-634
Author(s):  
Paul N. Dixon ◽  
Susan F. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Response Preference ◽  
Ideal Person ◽  
Average Person ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Perceived Locus Of Control ◽  
The Ideal

The Rotter I-E scale was administered to college juniors in education under five different instructional sets. Subjects were asked to complete it (a) as they would ordinarily (self-perception), (b) as they believed an average person of the same sex would, (c) as an average person of the opposite sex would, (d) as an ideal person of the same sex would, and (e) as an ideal person of the opposite sex would. As hypothesized, subjects saw the ideal person of both sexes as significantly more internal than themselves, while they saw the average person of both sexes as more external than themselves. These results suggest the general desirability of being perceived as internally oriented.

Gender Differences in Perceived Intensity and Affect of Pain between Athletes and Nonathletes

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn G. Hall ◽  
Simon Davies
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Division I ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Perceived Intensity ◽  
Pain Affect ◽  
Track Athletes

The present investigation was conducted to test empirically possible gender differences between athletes and nonathletes on measures of perceived intensity and affect of pain. Athletes were 7 male and 7 female NCAA Division I track athletes. The nonathletes, 7 men and 7 women, were randomly selected from undergraduate classes in physical activities. Responses on visual analogue scales for perceived pain intensity and pain affect were recorded for a cold-water pressor test. Significant group differences examined by Bonferroni contrasts indicated differences between non-athletic women and the other 3 groups on intensity of pain and for male and female athletes on pain affect, as well as for male athletes and nonathletes on pain affect. Univariate analyses of variance indicated significant differences on intensity and affect associated with pain. Research must explore whether differences are related to socialization or personality.

scholarly journals Raising the Bar: Causal Evidence on Gender Differences in Risk-Taking From a Natural Experiment

2022 ◽  
pp. 152700252110595
Author(s):  
René Böheim ◽  
Mario Lackner ◽  
Wilhelm Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Rule Change ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

We investigate the risk-taking behavior of women and men in high-stakes jumping competitions. Results indicated that female and male athletes differ in the timing and extent of their reactions to an increase in the risk of failure. Male competitors increased risk-taking in the more risky environment immediately after the changes. Female athletes, however, increased risk-taking two years after the rule change. Over time, female athletes revert to pre-reform risk-taking levels, and male athletes’ continued to make more risky decisions in the new environment. We attribute our findings to gender differences in competitiveness and risk preferences.

Gender Differences in Children's and Parents' Social Support Perceptions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Matthewson ◽  
Rosanne Burton Smith ◽  
Iain Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mother Child Relationships ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractThere are limited studies investigating gender differences within the father–child and mother–child relationships with regard to social support provisions within these relationships. This study aimed to explore gender unity in children's and parents' perceptions of social support within the parent–child relationship. The participants included 91 families who completed measures of social support satisfaction and social support effectiveness. Results were contrary to the gender unity assumption. Findings indicated that mothers and fathers provide different types of support to their children regardless of their child's sex. Further, this study demonstrated the importance of father–child interactions and the need to further investigate the types of support fathers provide their children. This study explored gender differences in social support perceptions within the parent–child relationship. It investigated if mothers and fathers perceive the support they provide their children with is differentiated according to whether their child is a son or a daughter (i.e., gender unity). In this study, gender unity relates to whether parents consider themselves to be more effective in their support provisions to their same-sex child than to their opposite-sex child. Moreover, gender unity also pertains to whether children are more satisfied with the support provided by their same-sex parent than their opposite-sex parent. It is therefore important to define social support in order to understand it within the context of the parent-child relationship.

‘My Bed or Our Bed?’: Gendered Negotiations in the Sleep of Same-Sex Couples

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Kirkman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Couple Relationships ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Sleeping Arrangements ◽  
Depth Interviews

Sexuality as well as gender can be added to the range of socio-structural factors that influence the social patterning of sleep. This paper draws on in-depth interviews with 20 women and men aged between 45 – 65 years in same-sex couple relationships to examine how they negotiate their sleeping arrangements. The paper contends that gender differences are evident in how these negotiations are played out in the bedroom with women and men in same-sex relationships mirroring some of the patterns demonstrated in the research about women and men in opposite-sex couple relationships. However there are also differences, both between the same-sex women and men, and also when compared with the research concerned with the sleep negotiations between opposite-sex couples. These differences relate to the strategies used in managing a same-sex coupled identity with sharing a bed part of this management.

scholarly journals Characteristics defining perceived popularity among same-sex and opposite-sex peers

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Akre ◽  
André Berchtold ◽  
Yara Barrense-Dias ◽  
Joan-Carles Suris
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Red Flag

AstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare the characteristics of adolescents and young adults (AYA) who perceive themselves as popular with AYAs who perceive themselves as unpopular vis-á-vis peers from same-sex, opposite-sex, or both.MethodsAmong a representative sample of in-school 15–24 year-olds students (n=5,179) who completed a self-administrated questionnaire, we measured self-perception of popularity, socio-demographic data, ease to make same/opposite-sex friends, emotional well-being, school variables, substance use, sensation seeking, self-perception of pubertal timing, and aggressive/violent behavior.ResultsOverall, our findings put forth that popularity was associated to easiness of making same/opposite-sex friends, emotional well-being, socio-economical background, sensation seeking behaviors, and alcohol misuse. Differences appeared between males or females.ConclusionFindings indicate that popularity remains a very important issue among this age group and should be a red flag in clinical assessment. Future research should explore whether feeling of unpopularity can be used as a marker of adolescent well-being and hence help identify those youths who might need help.

Genetic Etiology of Reading Difficulties in Boys and Girls

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 594-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally J. Wadsworth ◽  
John C. DeFries
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Genetic Etiology ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
Using Data

AbstractAlthough it has been suggested that genetic influences on reading difficulties may differ in boys and girls, results obtained from previous analyses of data from same-sex twin pairs have failed to provide evidence for a differential genetic etiology of reading disability (RD) as a function of gender. However, results of a recent study in which data from both same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs were analyzed indicated a higher heritability for reading difficulties in boys (Harlaar et al., 2005). Because the current sample of twin pairs tested in the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center is substantially larger than that analyzed for our previous report (Wadsworth et al., 2000), this hypothesis was tested more rigorously using data from both same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs in our current augmented sample. Composite reading scores from 634 twin pairs were subjected to DeFries–Fulker sex-limitation analysis using the model-fitting approach of Purcell and Sham (2003). Analysis of data from the combined sample of male and female twins indicated that genetic influences account for more than half the proband reading deficit (h2g = .58). When this model was extended to test for gender differences in the magnitude of genetic influences on RD, h2g estimates were somewhat higher for females than for males (.63 and .53, respectively), but the difference was nonsignificant (p > .3). A test for qualitative gender differences was also nonsignificant. Thus, these results provide little evidence for a differential genetic etiology of RD in boys and girls.

Hamstring Muscle Flexibility among KONI Volleyball Players of DKI Jakarta Province – A Pilot Study for Sport Injury Prevention.

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Hendriko ◽  
Tirza Z Tamin ◽  
I Nyoman Murdana ◽  
Aria Kekalih
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Middle Adolescence

Objectives: To find hamstring muscle flexibility among KONI Propinsi DKI Jakarta’s volleyball players,based on age, sex and playing position particularly.Methods: A cross sectional study performed in 25 female and 24 male athletes using Sit and Reach Test (SRT) box had done 3 times trial with the best score was recorded.Results: Hamstring muscle’s mean value score was 18.21 (SD 6.5) cm, male athletes was 17.6 (SD 6.5) cm, female athletes was 18.8 (SD 6.6) cm, middle adolescence 14-16 years old was 15.55 (SD 6.1) cm,late adolescence 17-20 years old was 19.91 (SD 6.9) cm, young adulthood 21-24 years old was 18.79 (SD 4.6) cm, hitter was 18.8 (SD 6.6) cm, center was 15.5 (SD 6.3) while allround players was 20.4 (SD5.9).Conclusions: Average value of hamstring flexibility among volleyball athletes of KONI DKI Jakarta based on SRT was 18.21 ± 6.5 cm, particularly within middle adolescence (14-16 years old) was 15.55± 6.1 cm, late adolescence (17-20 years old) was 19.91 ± 6.9 cm, and young adulthood (21-24 year old) was 18.79 ± 4.6 cm. While by sex was 17.6 ± 6.5 cm among male and 18.8 ± 6.6 cm among female.Based on playing position, hitters were 18.8 ± 6.6, setters were 15.5 ± 6.3 and all-round player were 20.4 ± 5.9 cm.Keywords: Flexibility, Hamstring muscle, SRT

Gender differences in cognitive abilities of opposite-sex and same-sex twin pairs with reading disabilty

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-257
Author(s):  
Valerie S. Knopik ◽  
John C. DeFries ◽  
Maricela Alarcón
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Opposite Sex
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