scholarly journals Cross sectional study to evaluate rapid diagnostic test (Typhidot-M) as a tool for early diagnosis of Typhoid fever keeping blood culture as gold standard.

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Dr Neeraj Lata ◽  
◽  
Dr Vijay Gotwal ◽  
DR. Tanushree Joshi ◽  
DR. YogeshGupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Malaria, Typhoid Fever, and Their Coinfection among Febrile Patients at a Rural Health Center in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Birhanie ◽  
Belay Tessema ◽  
Getachew Ferede ◽  
Mengistu Endris ◽  
Bamlaku Enawgaw
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Health Center ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background.Malaria and typhoid fever are major public health problems in tropical and subtropical countries. People in endemic areas are at risk of contracting both infections concurrently.Objectives.The study was aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria, typhoid, and their coinfection among febrile patients.Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 febrile patients suspected for malaria and/or typhoid fever from April to May, 2013, at Ayinba Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected for blood culture, Widal test, and blood film preparation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software.Results.The prevalence of malaria was 36.5% (n=73). Among these 32 (43.8%), 30 (41.1%) and 11 (15.1%) were positive forP. falciparum, P. vivax,and mixed infections, respectively. The seroprevalence of typhoid fever was 38 (19%), but 1 (0.5%) with blood culture. Malaria typhoid fever coinfection was 13 (6.5%). 2–5-year-old children and poor hand washing habit were significantly associated with malaria and typhoid infection, respectively (P<0.05).Conclusions.The prevalence of malaria and typhoid fever was found high. Further studies should be done on the other determinants of malaria and typhoid fever coinfection in different seasons and different study areas.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN WDF, WNR, AND RET ABNORMAL SCATTERGRAM DETECTED BY SYSMEX XN-1000 AND PARASITEMIA OF MALARIA PATIENTS IN MERAUKE HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Merylin Ranoko ◽  
Aryati Aryati ◽  
Arifoel Hajat
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Degree Of Severity

Malaria remains a health problem in Indonesia. Microscopic examination with Giemsa staining is the gold standard for diagnosing malaria. The density of parasites correlates with the degree of severity and response to therapy of malaria. Malaria-causing plasmodium can be detected by Sysmex XN-1000 which is marked by abnormalities in the WDF, WNR and RET scattergram. This research aimed to determine the correlation of WDF, WNR and RET abnormal scattergram detected by Sysmex XN-1000 and the parasitemia index of malaria at the Merauke General Hospital. This was a cross-sectional study with observational approach conducted between November 2017 – February 2018 at the Merauke General Hospital. Positive malaria samples were stained with Giemsa, their parasitemia index was calculated, routine complete blood count using Sysmex XN-1000 was performed, and the scattergram abnormalities were then analyzed. There were 65 positive malaria samples as follows: P.falciparum (35%), P.vivax (60%), P.ovale (3.1%), and P.malariae (1.5%), but the species did not correlate with parasitemic index (p=0.691). Abnormalities of WDF and WNR scattergram were predominantly found than RET scattergram (80% vs. 27.7%). P.vivax predominantly caused abnormalities of the WDF and WNR scattergram in 36 of 39 samples (92.3%), whereas P.falciparum predominantly caused abnomalities of the RET scattergram in 14 of 23 samples (60.9%). There was 95% positivity of an abnormality in WDF/WNR/RET scattergram with a cut-off of > 5,0165.5/µL. There was correlation between WDF, WNR, RET scattergram detected by Sysmex XN-1000 and the parasitemia index.

scholarly journals Bacteriological qualities of sources of domestic water supply and prevalence of typhoid fever in some communities of Enugu State, Southeast, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1805
Author(s):  
Emmanuel I. Umegbolu ◽  
Moses E. Offor
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Domestic Water Supply

Background: From the public health point of view, the microbiological properties of domestic water supply are the most important parameters of domestic water supply because of the propensity for microbial water-related diseases. In Enugu State, statistics have shown that reported cases of waterborne diseases (including typhoid fever) have been on the increase since 2003. The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological qualities of domestic water supply and prevalence of typhoid fever in five communities of Enugu State in connection with the rising incidence of typhoid fever in the state.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of sources of domestic water supply and prevalence of typhoid fever in five rural communities of Ezeagu Local Government Area. 297 copies of structured questionnaire, 10 grab water samples analysed using the membrane filtration method and 227 blood samples collected for Widal test were used to generate the data for the study, analysed as frequency distributions, t-test of means difference and Pearson product moment correlations using MaxStat (version 3.60) statistical software.Results: 2 (40%) of the 5 communities complied with the WHO standard for faecal coliform counts. Prevalence of typhoid fever was high in all the communities (71.4%-100%). Only faecal coliform counts correlated positively and strongly (r=0.69) with prevalence of typhoid fever.Conclusions: Since faecal coliform counts correlated positively and strongly (r=0.69) with prevalence of typhoid fever, improving the bacteriological qualities of domestic water supply may help to reduce the prevalence of typhoid fever. 

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity of Urinalysis to Diagnose Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Patients with Urolithiasis at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awang Dyan Purnomo ◽  
Untung Tranggono
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Tool

Objective: Urolithiasis could be caused by urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI in patients with urolithiasis need to be diagnose and manage as soon as possible. This study was aim to determine the diagnostic value of urinalysis examination to diagnose urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with urolithiasis.Material & method: This study was an observational analytic with cross sectional study design, comparing one diagnostic tool with the gold standard tool to diagnose UTI. Total samples collected were 186 patients at Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Urine culture and urinalysis were performed in patients with urinalysis and UTI. The results of urine culture and urinalysis were then compared by 2x2 table.Results: The sensitivity results on leukocyte esterase, eritrocyturia, bacteriuria, and nitrite respectively were 82.7%, 57.14%, 37.59%, and 13.53%. The specificity results on nitrite, bacteriuria, eritrocyturia, and leukocyte esterase respectively were 63.26%, 56.60%, 50.94%, and 33.96%. The highest level of accuracy was leukocyte esterase with 68.81% accuracy.Conclusion: This study showed that leukocyte esterase had good sensitivity with an accuracy of 68.81%. Examination of nitrite had the highest specificity compared to the other variables in urinalysis examination.

scholarly journals Transvaginal Ultrasonography and Hysteroscopy in Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding- A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sindhujha Sekar ◽  
A Esther Ruby ◽  
P Lalitha
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: In perimenopausal age group particularly, 70% of all gynaecological consultations are for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB). About 30% of women seek medical assistance for AUB during their reproductive age group and about one third of hysterectomies are carried out for AUB alone. Aim: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Transvaginal Ultrasonography (TVS) versus hysteroscopy in detecting uterine abnormalities Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study in patients with AUB, admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at RGGWCH, Puducherry between February 2016 and February 2017 who met the inclusion criteria were included. Sample size was 85 cases. After taking detailed history and physical examination the patient was investigated to rule out organic causes of AUB and then TVS and hysteroscopy were done. Any intrauterine pathology was looked for and endometrial sampling was taken from the abnormal sites for Histopathological Examination (HPE). Both TVS and hysteroscopy results were compared with histopathology which is the gold standard. Results: The sensitivity of TVS in diagnosis of uterine fibroid in comparison to hysteroscopy was 94.74% and the specificity was 71.21%. The sensitivity of hysteroscopy in diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia in comparison to HPE was 75% and the specificity was 87.01%. The sensitivity of TVS in diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia in comparison to HPE was 37.5% and the specificity was 90.91%. The sensitivity of hysteroscopy in diagnosis of polyp in comparison to HPE was 100% and the specificity was 97.3%. The sensitivity and specificity of TVS in diagnosis of polyp in comparison to HPE were 9.09% and 93.24%, respectively. Conclusion: TVS had a high sensitivity to detect fibroids but its value in detecting hyperplasia and polyps was in question in this study. But hysteroscopy had a maximum sensitivity to detect polyps and high sensitivity to detect endometrial hyperplasia compared to histopathology which is a gold standard investigation.

scholarly journals PALATO GINGIVAL GROOVE;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Mahmood ◽  
Mustafa Sajid ◽  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Waheed Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Developmental Defect ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Marginal Periodontitis ◽  
Palatogingival Groove

Introduction: The palatogingival groove (PGG) is an anomaly which considered as a developmental defect. In 1908, this anomaly was first of all described by Black. According to him this palatogingival groove starts just beneath the cingulum and travels towards the apex from cementoenamel junction. Palatogingival groove presents variation in depth and length along the root. Objectives: To determine frequency of palatogingival groove in maxillary lateral incisors, as early diagnosis can prevent the development of caries and periodontitis. Study Design: Cross sectional study Setting: 500 adult patients were examined (1000 maxillary lateral incisors) which includes both genders aged 20-45 years, recruited from Operative Department, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital Multan. Period: Six months from Jan to June 2017. Material & Method: In patients oral cavity both right and left side were inspected and the groove extension was assorted into, coronal grooves (coronal to cement enamel junction), and apical grooves (extended to the root, beyond the cement enamel junction). Results: The PGG prevalence rate in the population has been reported to be between 2.8% and 8.5%. Conclusion: The frequency of palatogingival groove was 9%. Bilateralism of the PGGs was calculated and was found to be 62.2%. 30% caries was present in all cases. Palatogingival groove can cause marginal periodontitis, pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis. Early diagnosis can prevent the development of caries and periodontitis.

scholarly journals Typhidot IgM as a reliable and rapid diagnostic test for typhoid fever among children in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1677
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashfaque Ansari ◽  
Amit Kumar Thakur ◽  
Atindra Mishra ◽  
Md Jaffer Rain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital

Background: Typhoid fever still continues to be a major public health problem in Nepal. A clinical spectrum of typhoid varies widely. It causes significant complication as well as mortality. A simple, reliable, affordable and rapid diagnostic test has been a long felt need of the clinicians to prescribe specific medication, adopt prevention of the emergence of antibiotics resistance and overall reduce the disease burden in the community.Methods: The prospective descriptive study was performed in 125 children between 2 years to 15 years of age admitted to the Pediatrics Department from September 2017 to September 2018. Blood culture, Typhidot rapid IgM were performed. MEDCALC software was used to calculate 95% confidence interval for sensitivity, specificity, predictive value positive, predictive value negative and accuracy. Kappa test was used to determine the agreement between Typhidot IgM and blood culture methods.Results: The study consisted of 125 children with acute febrile illness for more than 3 days with clinical symptomatology, consistent with typhoid fever. The reliability of Typhidot IgM in relation with blood culture and the study lighten that sensitivity 92.3% (95% CI: 63.9, 99.8), specificity 49.1% (95% CI: 39.5, 58.7), PPV 17.4% (95% CI: 14.2, 21.1), NPV 98.2% (95% CI: 89.2, 99.7) and accuracy 53.6% (95% CI: 44.5, 62.6). The two methods i.e. Typhoid IgM and blood culture shows significant agreement with p value 0.004.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that Typhidot IgM has all the attributes of an ideal screening test.

scholarly journals Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ziming Liu ◽  
Emmanuel Eric Pazo ◽  
Hong Ye ◽  
Cui Yu ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To assess the repeatability and agreement of refractive measurements using 2WIN-S photoscreening with the gold-standard cycloplegic retinoscope refraction. Design. Single centre, cross-sectional study. Methods. Spherical, cylindrical, axis, and spherical equivalent of 194 bilateral eyes of 97 children were assessed using a retinoscope and 2WIN-S. One week later, another operator repeated the 2WIN-S measurements. The primary outcome measures were to assess the repeatability and agreement between spherical equivalent, J0, and J45 readings of 2WIN-S. The repeatability of measurements was assessed by the within-subject standard deviation (2.77 Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The agreement between devices was assessed using 95% limits of agreement. The extent of the agreement between cycloplegic retinoscopy and noncycloplegic 2WIN-S measurements was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis. Results. The mean age ± SD was 10.3 ± 2.46 year (range, 4–14 years). The sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent measurements were found to be consistent with both apparatus (r value >0.86). ICC for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.900, 0.666, and 0.639, respectively; Sw for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.61D, 0.30D, and 0.31D, respectively; Bland–Altman analysis of retinoscopy with cycloplegia and 2WIN-S for SE was 184/194 (95%) in 95% confidence interval, and the mean value was 0.46. J0 was 184/194 (95%), and the mean value is −0.04. J45 was 181/194 (93%), and the mean value is −0.15. Conclusion. The objective refractive measurement of 2WIN-S had good reliability and high agreement with the gold-standard retinoscopy refraction in children and adolescents. While consistency was observed, it is essential to take into consideration that it is a screening tool.

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