Can C-phycocyanin be used as a sperm protector?

C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is a biocompound extracted from Arthrospira maxima. It is a chromophore-protein complex, with antioxidant properties. Its ability to prevent oxidative stress allows for diverse medical applications. This study evaluates the use of C-PC as a protein supplement and an antioxidant for in-vitro sperm preservation in a short-term extender. Viability, progressive motility, DNA damage and percentage of reactive oxygen species where assessed in Swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) sperm stored for up to 72 hours at 4 °C. Treatments with C-PC had the following concentrations: 0, 34.5, 69, 138 and 207 μg mL−1. Progressive motility and percentage of sperm with undamaged DNA were unchanged (20%) after storage for 48 hours using the 138 μg mL C-PC concentration−1.

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In Vitro Study of the Toxicity Mechanisms of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) and Released Iron Ions Using Earthworm Cells

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10112189 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2189

Author(s):

Jaroslav Semerad ◽

Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco ◽

Alena Grasserova ◽

Petra Prochazkova ◽

Martin Pivokonsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Zero Valent Iron ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Iron Ions ◽

Short Term ◽

Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron ◽

Toxicity Mechanisms

During the last two decades, nanomaterials based on nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) have ranked among the most utilized remediation technologies for soil and groundwater cleanup. The high reduction capacity of elemental iron (Fe0) allows for the rapid and cost-efficient degradation or transformation of many organic and inorganic pollutants. Although worldwide real and pilot applications show promising results, the effects of nZVI on exposed living organisms are still not well explored. The majority of the recent studies examined toxicity to microbes and to a lesser extent to other organisms that could also be exposed to nZVI via nanoremediation applications. In this work, a novel approach using amoebocytes, the immune effector cells of the earthworm Eisenia andrei, was applied to study the toxicity mechanisms of nZVI. The toxicity of the dissolved iron released during exposure was studied to evaluate the effect of nZVI aging with regard to toxicity and to assess the true environmental risks. The impact of nZVI and associated iron ions was studied in vitro on the subcellular level using different toxicological approaches, such as short-term immunological responses and oxidative stress. The results revealed an increase in reactive oxygen species production following nZVI exposure, as well as a dose-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) and necrosis were detected upon exposure to ferric and ferrous ions, although no lethal effects were observed at environmentally relevant nZVI concentrations. The decreased phagocytic activity further confirmed sublethal adverse effects, even after short-term exposure to ferric and ferrous iron. Detection of sublethal effects, including changes in oxidative stress-related markers such as reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production revealed that nZVI had minimal impacts on exposed earthworm cells. In comparison to other works, this study provides more details regarding the effects of the individual iron forms associated with nZVI aging and the cell toxicity effects on the specific earthworms’ immune cells that represent a suitable model for nanomaterial testing.

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How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

Chemical Papers ◽

10.1007/s11696-021-01799-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Literature Review ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

The Body ◽

Universal Method ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

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Vitamin E-Coated Dialyzer Inhibits Oxidative Stress

Blood Purification ◽

10.1159/000478971 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 288-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shiho Yamadera ◽

Yuya Nakamura ◽

Masahiro Inagaki ◽

Isao Ohsawa ◽

Hiromichi Gotoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Synthetic Polymer ◽

Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

In Vitro Methods ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Intracellular Ros

Aim: To examine the effects of vitamin E-coated dialyzer on oxidative stress in vitro. Methods: A dialyzer with a synthetic polymer membrane (APS-11SA) and vitamin E-coated dialyzer (VPS-11SA) were connected to a blood tubing line, and U937 cells were circulated in the device. The circulating fluid was collected at 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cycles, which are estimated numbers of passes through the dialyzer. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) were quantified. Results: Intracellular ROS production was increased in the first cycle by APS-11SA and was decreased throughout the experiment by VPS-11SA. Intracellular ROS production in the VPS-11SA device was lower, and MDA levels were decreased. MDA levels were lower during VPS-11SA processing than during APS-11SA processing. Cu/Zn-SOD levels remained unchanged. Conclusion: Our results highlight anti-oxidative-stress effects of a vitamin E-coated dialyzer.

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Antioxidant properties of antiepileptic drugs levetiracetam and clonazepam in mice brain after in vitro-induced oxidative stress

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ◽

10.5897/ajpp2015.4358 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 278-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

de Albuquerque Oliveira Aline ◽

Isabel Linhares Maria ◽

Jos eacute Maia Chaves Filho Adriano ◽

Ricardo Vasconcelos Rios Emiliano ◽

Nayane de Carvalho Lima Camila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antiepileptic Drugs ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Mice Brain

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Hyperglycemia Induces Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Accelerates Apoptotic Cell Death in Salivary Gland Cells

Pathobiology ◽

10.1159/000512639 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Naoyuki Matsumoto ◽

Daisuke Omagari ◽

Ryoko Ushikoshi-Nakayama ◽

Tomoe Yamazaki ◽

Hiroko Inoue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Saliva Secretion ◽

Salivary Gland Tissue ◽

Gland Tissue

Introduction: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with several systemic vascular symptoms and xerostomia. It is considered that hyperglycemia-induced polyuria and dehydration cause decreased body-water volume, leading to decreased saliva secretion and, ultimately, xerostomia. In T2DM, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes tissue damage to vascular endothelial cells as well as epithelial tissue, including pancreas and cornea. Hence, a similar phenomenon may occur in other tissues and glands in a hyperglycemic environment. Methods: Salivary gland tissue injury was examined, using T2DM model mouse (db/db). Transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) was conducted to evaluate tissue injury. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were measured as indicator of oxidative stress. Moreover, in vitro ROS production and cell injury was evaluated by mouse salivary gland-derived normal cells under high-glucose condition culture. Results: In vivo and in vitro analysis showed a higher percentage of TUNEL-positive cells and higher levels of MDA and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in salivary gland tissue of db/db mice. This suggests damage of saliva secretion-associated lipids and DNA by hyperglycemic-induced oxidative stress. To analyze the mechanism by which hyperglycemia promotes ROS production, mouse salivary gland-derived cells were isolated. The cell culture with high-glucose medium enhanced ROS production and promotes apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Conclusion: These findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby hyperglycemic-induced ROS production promotes salivary gland injury, resulting in hyposalivation.

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Aminoguanidine Protects Boar Spermatozoa against the Deleterious Effects of Oxidative Stress

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics10040212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 212 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eliana Pintus ◽

Martin Kadlec ◽

Marija Jovičić ◽

Markéta Sedmíková ◽

José Ros-Santaella

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Boar Spermatozoa ◽

Generating System ◽

Control Samples ◽

Inducible Nitric Oxide

Aminoguanidine is a selective inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Numerous studies have shown the antioxidant properties of aminoguanidine in several cell lines, but the in vitro effects of this compound on spermatozoa under oxidative stress are unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that aminoguanidine may protect against the detrimental effects of oxidative stress in boar spermatozoa. For this purpose, sperm samples were incubated with a ROS generating system (Fe2+/ascorbate) with or without aminoguanidine supplementation (10, 1, and 0.1 mM). Our results show that aminoguanidine has powerful antioxidant capacity and protects boar spermatozoa against the deleterious effects of oxidative stress. After 2 h and 3.5 h of sperm incubation, the samples treated with aminoguanidine showed a significant increase in sperm velocity, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity together with a reduced lipid peroxidation in comparison with control samples (p < 0.001). Interestingly, except for the levels of malondialdehyde, the samples treated with 1 mM aminoguanidine did not differ or showed better performance than control samples without Fe2+/ascorbate. The results from this study provide new insights into the application of aminoguanidine as an in vitro therapeutic agent against the detrimental effects of oxidative stress in semen samples.

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Novel Antioxidant Properties of Doxycycline

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19124078 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 4078 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dahn Clemens ◽

Michael Duryee ◽

Cleofes Sarmiento ◽

Andrew Chiou ◽

Jacob McGowan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Protein Adducts ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Free System

Doxycycline (DOX), a derivative of tetracycline, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that exhibits a number of therapeutic activities in addition to its antibacterial properties. For example, DOX has been used in the management of a number of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. One potential mechanism by which DOX inhibits the progression of these diseases is by reducing oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting subsequent lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that DOX directly scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits the formation of redox-mediated malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) protein adducts. Using a cell-free system, we demonstrated that DOX scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the formation of MAA-adducts and inhibits the formation of MAA-protein adducts. To determine whether DOX scavenges specific ROS, we examined the ability of DOX to directly scavenge superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we found that DOX directly scavenged superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, we found that DOX inhibits MAA-induced activation of Nrf2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor. Together, these findings demonstrate the under-recognized direct antioxidant property of DOX that may help to explain its therapeutic potential in the treatment of conditions characterized by chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress.

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Protection of the vascular endothelium in experimental situations

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.2478/v10102-011-0005-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ružena Sotníková ◽

Jana Nedelčevová ◽

Jana Navarová ◽

Viera Nosáľová ◽

Katarína Drábiková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vascular Endothelium ◽

Vascular Dysfunction ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Ros Production ◽

Nitric Oxide Radical ◽

Endothelium Dependent Relaxation

Protection of the vascular endothelium in experimental situationsOne of the factors proposed as mediators of vascular dysfunction observed in diabetes is the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This provides support for the use of antioxidants as early and appropriate pharmacological intervention in the development of late diabetic complications. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats we observed endothelial dysfuction manifested by reduced endothelium-dependent response to acetylcholine of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and aorta, as well as by increased endothelaemia. Changes in endothelium-dependent relaxation of SMA were induced by injury of the nitric oxide radical (·NO)-signalling pathway since the endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF)-component of relaxation was not impaired by diabetes. The endothelial dysfunction was accompanied by decreased ·NO bioavailabity as a consequence of reduced activity of eNOS rather than its reduced expression. The results obtained using the chemiluminiscence method (CL) argue for increased oxidative stress and increased ROS production. The enzyme NAD(P)H-oxidase problably participates in ROS production in the later phases of diabetes. Oxidative stress was also connected with decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the early phase of diabetes. After 10 weeks of diabetes, adaptational mechanisms probably took place because GSH levels were not changed compared to controls. Antioxidant properties of SMe1EC2 foundin vitrowere partly confirmedin vivo.Administration of SMe1EC2 protected endothelial function. It significantly decreased endothelaemia of diabetic rats and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation of arteries, slightly decreased ROS-production and increased bioavailability of ·NO in the aorta. Further studies with higher doses of SMe1EC2 may clarify the mechanism of its endothelium-protective effectin vivo.

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Oocytes from gilts of domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) species exhibit similar developmental potential during in vitro maturation

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200598305 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 178-178

Author(s):

N.S. Prathalingam ◽

K. Rust ◽

M.E. Staines ◽

G.J. McCallum ◽

S.A. Edwards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

In Vitro Maturation ◽

Animal Species ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

In Captivity ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Sus Scrofa Domesticus

In vitro embryo production strategies have been considered as possible means to protect wild and endangered animal species through assisted breeding programmes. They also offer the possibility to preserve genetic material from such stock or to facilitate breeding in captivity. The relevant technologies, however, have been developed to meet the needs of oocytes and embryos of domesticated animals and their suitability for wild species remains largely unknown. This study investigated the ability of in vitro maturation procedures, designed for oocytes of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), to support the development of oocytes from wild boar (Sus scrofa)gilts.

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In Vitro Study of Antioxidant Activity of Serum and Plasma Samples As Well As Glutathione Exposed to Various Exogenous Stress Factors

10.21203/rs.3.rs-630921/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk ◽

Łukasz Paprotny ◽

Agnieszka Celejewska ◽

Dorota Szewczak ◽

Dorota Wianowska

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Exogenous Stress

Abstract The imbalance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and their sequestration promotes the formation of so-called oxidative stress conditions which are considered crucial in the aging process and development of many human diseases. Glutathione plays an essential role in the antioxidative barricade against ROS. Its role in the detoxification process of xenobiotics and carcinogen is also known. However, there are no comparative studies on the antioxidant properties of both biological samples and glutathione as well as the change in these properties as a result of exposure to various stress factors. This paper fills this gap comparing the antioxidant activity of serum and plasma samples of the known glutathione content with the activity of glutathione itself assessed by the different methods. In addition, it reveals a significant role of environmental xenobiotics in oxidative stress and differentiates the stress induced by different groups of drugs, among which the greatest one has been demonstrated for antiarrhythmic drugs and cytostatics. More importantly, it proves that human plasma is more resistant to stress factors and N-acetylcysteine clearly promotes the extension of antioxidant properties of both the plasma and serum samples. The latter conclusion is consistent with the implied preventive and/or supportive action of this drug against SARS-CoV-2.

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