scholarly journals Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis Reveals Significant Antibiofilm Activity in Pleione maculata, an Endangered Medicinal Orchid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakani D. Sympli ◽  
Supriyo Sen ◽  
Bahunlang Susngi ◽  
Vedant Vikrom Borah
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽  
Medicinal Orchid

Pleione maculata has no scientific reports on quantitative phytochemical and antibiofilm activity till date. The objective of the study was to quantify and determine medicinally important bioactivity in P. maculata and analyse its anti-biofilm activity against clinical isolates Staphyloccocus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. P. maculata exhibited the highest Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) about 193.98 ± 0.1 mg, highest Total Phenolic Content (TPC) at 552± 0.0 mg and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were observed highest at 879.5 ± 0.2 mg. The acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of P. maculata pseudobulb showed distinct and significant zone of inhibition (ZOI) against drug-resistant S.aureus about 16 ± 0.00 mm (MIC 0.875 mg/mL), ZOI of acetonitrile pseudobulb extract against P. mirabilis was 15.33 ± 0.4mm (MIC 1 mg/mL), ZOI of acetonitrile extracts of leaves and stem, ethyl acetate extract of pseudobulb was 12 ± 0.0mm, 12 ± 01.4mm, 12 ± 2.8mm against K. pneumoniae (MIC 1.8 mg/mL, 0.68 mg/mL and 3 mg/mL). Acetonitrile extract of pseudobulbs exhibited the highest Minimum Biofilm Inhibition concentration (MBIC) at 0.25 mg/mL against S. aureus, water root extract inhibited attachment of K. pneumoniae with lowest MBIC value 0.093 mg/mL, water and acetone extract of leaves inhibited cell attachment of P. mirabilis at lowest MBIC 0.117 and 0.171 mg/mL. The UV-VIS absorption band of P. maculata extracts ranges from 204-665 nm indicating the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The study indicates the potentiality of P. maculata as a rich source of medicinal active compounds as an antibiofilm agent against antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants of Nepal and their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against uropathogenic Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Bhandari ◽  
Karan Khadayat ◽  
Sami Poudel ◽  
Sunil Shrestha ◽  
Raju Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background A biofilm is an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composed of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that impede antibiotics and immune cells, thus providing a shielded environment for bacterial growth. Due to biofilm formation, some microbes can show up to 1000 fold increased resistance towards the antibiotics than the normal planktonic forms. The study was conducted to screen the crude extracts of medicinal plants used in Nepal for their in vitro antibiofilm activities. Methods Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined by using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and aluminium trichloride method, respectively. Resazurin assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The initial antibiofilm activities and their inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined by the microtiter based modified crystal violet staining method. Results Out of 25 different plant extracts were used for the study, methanolic extracts of 20 plants showed a biofilm inhibition activity against five different strong biofilm producing Escherichia coli strains. Calotropis gigantea exhibited inhibition against all five different E. coli strains with IC50 values ranging from 299.7 ± 20.5 to 427.4 ± 2.7 μg/mL. Apart from that, Eclipta prostrata also showed biofilm formation inhibition, followed by Eupatorium adenophorum, Moringa oleifera, Ocimum tenuifolium, Oxalis lantifolia, Prunus persica, and Urtica parviflora. The extracts of C. gigantea, E. prostrata, Mangifera indica, O. tenuifolium, P. persica, and U. parviflora exhibited a moderate to poor MIC value ranging from 625 to 2500 μg/mL. The highest amount of phenolic content (TPC) was found in Acacia catechu followed by Morus alba, which was 38.9 and 25.1 mg gallic acid equivalents, respectively. The highest amount of flavonoid content was found in A. catechu followed by M. indica, which was 27.1 and 20.8 mg quercetin equivalents, respectively. Conclusion Extracts of C. gigantea, E. prostrata, P. persica, U. parviflora, and O. tenuifolium showed antibacterial as well as antibiofilm activity against pathogenic and strong biofilm producing E. coli. Thus, extracts or the pure compound from these medicinal plants could be used as antibiotics in the future.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND TOTAL POLYPHENOLICS CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL OIL, METHANOL EXTRACT AND METHANOL FRACTIONS FROM COMMELINA NUDIFLORA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Dawood Shah ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extracts

Objective: In the present study, the essential oil, methanol extract, and methanol fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) obtained from Commelina nudiflora were investigated for the free radical scavenging effects and phytochemical analysis.Methods: The antioxidative effect of the essential oil, methanol extracts and methanol fractions were evaluated using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride reagents respectively. The phytochemical analyses of the essential oil, methanol extracts and methanol fractions were performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). Results: The antioxidant, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of butanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were higher followed by methanol extract, hexane fraction and essential oil. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloid, saponin, steroid, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tannins etc. The identified bioactive constituents of essential oil, methanol extract and methanol fractions of C. nudiflora were indole, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 2-pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl, phenol, benzyl alcohol, eugenol, phenol, 2, 4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (palmitic acid ester), n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, (linoleic acid) and phytol. All identified bioactive compounds and their derivatives were generally reported with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties.Conclusion: The obtained data suggest that the essential oil, methanol extract and methanol fractions of C. nudiflora possess remarkable antioxidant activities and vital phytochemicals. Thus the plant can be a utilized as a potential source of nutraceutical with antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals A Characteristic Study on the Effect of Ginger and Nutmeg Extracts on Pseudomonas and E.coli biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-396
Author(s):  
Challaraj Emmanuel E S ◽  
Vinni Biji ◽  
Gayathri N. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Traditional Medicines

A number of phytochemicals or secondary metabolites were produced by herbs and spices. These were used as food preservatives and also as traditional medicines from long back. These were having various pharmacological benefits which included antioxidant, analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties. In the present study two different plant species (Zingiber officinale, Myristica fragrans) were used for studying their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. The phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was done by using standard methodology. FTIR analysis of the ginger and nutmeg extracts were carried out to study the functional groups present in the respective plant extracts. The extracts were also subjected to NMR spectroscopy. Two different bacteria were used for the studies which are good biofilm producers, Pseudomonas and E.coli. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic and choloroform extracts of ginger and nutmeg were studied using air liquid interphase coverslip assay and biofilm assay. The results suggest that the ginger and nutmeg extracts have biofilm inhibition activity. The reduction in biofilm was observed in all the 3 concentrations of the nutmeg chloroform extract with maximum biofilm reduction in 100% and was compared with the control. Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, biofilm inhibition was observed in all 3 concentrations of ginger and nutmeg.

scholarly journals ANTI BACTERIAL AND BIOFILM INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF AEGLE MARMELOS METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Gujjari Sreehitha Pratap ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Elisa Plate

The Aegle marmelos commonly known as BAEL belongs to family Rutaceae plays a role in traditional culture and medication from ancient periods. This plant lacks sufficient evidences regarding the values and components it has. Therefore, we framed out our studies to evaluate the phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, antibiofilm activity. These studies are evaluated using different solvents like methanol, acetone, chloroform, toluene leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos. We evaluated the potency of different solvents leaf extracts using Agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was also evaluated using ELISA plate assay. The potency of different solvents extracts to inhibit biofilm of selected microbial strains. In accordance to results, the leaf extracts revealed the presence of several biologically active phytochemicals with highest quantities of carbohydrates, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, aminoacids etc. The antibacterial activity was found significant against microbial strains of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. These strains showed susceptibility nature towards the different solvents extracts with zone of inhibitions (mm). On the other hand, the inhibition of biofilm was also significant at all tested concentrations. The biofilm inhibition of microbial strains was found significant at 1 XMIC, 2 XMIC, 3 XMIC. Based on our studies here we conclude that the different solvents leaf extracts possessed inhibitory activity against selected human pathogenic organisms.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of B-Type Oligomeric Procyanidins From Commiphora leptophloeos Used Alone or in Combination With Fluconazole Against Candida spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Dantas-Medeiros ◽  
Ana Caroline Zanatta ◽  
Luanda Bárbara Ferreira Canário de Souza ◽  
Júlia Morais Fernandes ◽  
Bruno Amorim-Carmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

Commiphora leptophloeos (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant native to Brazil which is popularly used for treating oral and vaginal infections. There has been no scientific evidence pointing to its efficacy in the treatment of these infections. Thus, this study sought to investigate the cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibiofilm activity of C. leptophloeos against Candida spp. and to isolate, identify, and quantify the content of B-type oligomeric procyanidins (BDP) in the extract of C. leptophloeos stem bark. The extract and the n-butanol fraction were obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid partition, respectively. Phytochemical analysis performed by HPLC-PDA/ELSD and FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS allowed the identification and quantification of BDP in the samples. The application of centrifugal partition chromatography helped isolate BDP, which was identified by 1H NMR and MS analyses. Candida spp. reference strains and clinical isolates (including fluconazole-resistant strains) derived from the blood cultures of candidemic patients and the vaginal secretion of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis were used for evaluating the antifungal and antibiofilm effects. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by the microdilution technique, and biofilm inhibition was evaluated through crystal violet and XTT assays. The combined action of BDP with fluconazole was determined by the checkerboard method. The extract, the n-butanol fraction, and the BDP exhibited antifungal activity with MIC values ranging from 312.5 to 2500 μg/mL and were found to significantly reduce the biofilm formed in all the Candida strains investigated. BDP showed a fungicidal potential against strains of Candida spp. (especially against fluconazole-resistant strains), with MIC and MFC values ranging from 156.2 to 2500 μg/mL. In addition, the combined application of BDP and fluconazole produced synergistic antifungal effects against resistant Candida spp. (FICI = 0.31–1.5). The cytotoxic properties of the samples evaluated in human erythrocytes through hemolytic test did not show hemolytic activity under active concentrations. The findings of the study show that C. leptophloeos has antifungal and antibiofilm potential but does not cause toxicity in human erythrocytes. Finally, BDP, which was isolated for the first time in C. leptophloeos, was found to exhibit antifungal effect against Candida spp. either when applied alone or in combination with fluconazole.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study between Plant and Callus Extracts of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic and Anti-Proliferative Activity

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
A. Ayisha Sireen ◽  
J. Anbumalarmathi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

Abutilon indicum is consider to be used in the traditional system of medicine. It is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is used to treat various diseases. This plant does not cause any side effects to humans. As the plant has wide variety of medicinal properties, the present study aimed to comparative between plant and callus extract of Abutilon indicum (L.) sweet for antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic and anti- proliferative activity. The highest percentage of callus induction (89.50%) and callus weight (1.26 g) was observed in T5 (MS + 2, 4-D (2.5 mg/l) + BAP (2 mg/l) and T8 [IBA (4 mg/l)] respectively. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of A. indicum in vivo plant and in vitro grown callus showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, glycosides, protein, terpenoids, saponins, tannins and coumarin. The total phenolic content was high in aqueous extract of callus (30.68 mg TAE/g). Maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in aqueous extract of callus (86%) with IC50 value of 68.49 µg/ml. FT-IR analysis of aqueous extract of A. indicum plant and callus showed the presence of characteristic stretching at 2930.28 and 2927.75 indicating the presence of C-H stretching respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 compounds in ethyl acetate plant extract, whereas 7 compounds in ethyl acetate callus extract such as tetradecane, 1-chloro, Sulfurous acid 2-prophytridecyl ester and 1- ethyl-3-[2-(octadecylthio) ethyl] thiourea. The ethyl acetate extracts of callus and plant and was found to be effective against Bacillus subtilis (3.1 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (2.9 mm). Maximum α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in aqueous callus extract (32.65%) with IC50 value of 833.61 µg/ml. HeLa cell viability was found to be 26.8% and 21.8% in plant and callus extract respectively.

scholarly journals α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Phenolic Rich Extracts Obtained from the Seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr.

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2964-2968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutthamon Prajudtasri ◽  
Mongkol Nontakitticharoen ◽  
Sujint Anguravirutt
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antidiabetic Agent ◽  
Seed Extracts

The aim of this study was to perform a phytochemical analysis of Melastoma saigonense seed extracts and to determine their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extracts from seeds of M. saigonense indicated that the total phenolic content was in the range between 233.46 and 967.22 mg GAE/g DE, whereas the flavonoids content was in the range between 359.96 and 850.84 mg QE/g DE. The present study of antidiabetic inhibitory activity by in vitro α-glucosidase revealed that the crude extracts using ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BU) and final aqueous residue extracts (AQ) exhibited a strong α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC50 4.42-11.95 μg/mL). The ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr. were further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography into four fractions (EAF1−EAF4) and five fractions (BUF1−BUF5), respectively and their bioactivities were investigated. The nine fractions exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (p < 0.05) with an IC50 between 3.42-34.77 μg/mL which is less than the IC50 for standard acarbose (IC50 = 507.26 μg/mL). Among all the fractions, BUF1 and EAF1 exhibited high inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with BUF1 showing the highest inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.42 μg/mL). The dominant phenolic acids were sinapic, gallic, ferrulic, syringic, gallic and caffeic acids and the prominent flavonoids were myricetin and quercetin. These findings suggest that the seeds of M. saigonense have potential as a source of antidiabetic agent (s).

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIALS OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONS OF MAYTENUS HEYNEANA ROOT EXTRACT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Sumithira G ◽  
Senthil Kumar Gp
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cation Radical ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes

Objective: In an attempt to explore herbal drug which may become useful in the prevention of diabetes and antioxidant potential by the ethanol extracts of Maytenus heyneana (MH) root belonging to the family Celastraceae and their different fractions were studied.Methods: Different fractionation was done using chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol on ethanolic extract of MH and preliminary phytochemical analysis was done by standard methods to identify the presence of important compounds. In vitro antioxidants activities were carried by 2,2-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation radical scavenging assays. For antidiabetic potential, α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory studies were carried on different fractions.Results: Phytochemical studies show the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids in all fractionations; however, tannins and quinones were present in ethyl acetate fraction and saponins in methanolic fraction. For antioxidant activity, ethyl acetate fraction shows concentration of the sample causing 50% inhibition (IC50) values in 22.31 μg/ml and methanolic fraction shows in 12.82 μg/ml concentrations for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay, respectively. In case of antidiabetic activity, methanolic fraction offered significant result in inhibitory action of α-glucosidase and also for α-amylase assay IC50 (5.28 and 3.14 μg/ml) than other fractions.Conclusion: From the results of our studies, it can be concluded that MH shows antidiabetic and antioxidant values and methanolic fraction of MH could be possessed potential constituents in the prevention of diabetes and antioxidant than other fractions. However, further studies are required to validate.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF QUERCUS INFECTORIA GALLS ON ROTHIA DENTOCARIOSA ISOLATED FROM DENTAL CARIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
AMBULKAR S ◽  
TALE V ◽  
KHILARI S ◽  
PAWAR J
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Quercus Infectoria

Objective: The present study aimed to study Quercus infectoria gall extract for phytochemical analysis, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activity against Rothia dentocariosa isolated from dental caries. Methods: R. dentocariosa was isolated, characterized, and identified by 16S rRNA sequence and also checked for biofilm formation ability. Phytochemical analysis of Q. infectoria aqueous gall extracts was carried out. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity was performed using agar well diffusion method and microtiter plate assay, respectively. Results: Bacterial isolate from dental caries was identified as R. dentocariosa by 16s rRNA sequencing technique with accession number MH824681 obtained from NCBI. Phytochemical analysis of Q. infectoria aqueous gall extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenol, tannin, glycosides, phenolic compound, and flavonoids. Significant antibacterial activity was observed with 19.00 (±7.07) mm diameter zone of inhibition. The biofilm inhibition assay was performed by microtiter plate method indicated 92.89% inhibition of bacteria at the concentration of 100 mg/mL of aqueous extract. Conclusion: The results indicated the efficacy of Q. infectoria gall extracts that could be explored as an alternative to current treatment.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FITOKIMIA DAN UJI EFEK SEDATIF DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN BEBERAPA FRAKSI DAGING BUAH PALA (Myristica Fragrans Houtt)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eresia Makanaung ◽  
Johnly A Rorong ◽  
Edi Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Petroleum Ether Fraction ◽  
Ether Fraction ◽  
Traction Test

ABSTRAKPala adalah tanaman yang termasuk dalam jenis tanaman obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis total kandungan fitokimia dan uji efek sedatif  dari ekstrak etanol, fraksi petroleum eter, etil asetat dan air daging buah pala. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi, kemudian ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh difraksinasi dengan cara partisi. Analisis fitokimia dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis sehingga diperoleh hasil kandungan total fenolik ekstrak etanol, fraksi petroleum eter, etil asetat dan air daging buah pala secara berturut-turut adalah 26,284 μg/mL; 29,203 μg/mL; 28,725 μg/mL; 24,904 μg/mL. Total flavonoid secara berturut-turut adalah 9,999 μg/mL; 13,095 μg/mL; 13,729 μg/mL; 10,475 μg/mL. Total tanin secara berturut-turut adalah 16,642 μg/mL; 16,571 μg/mL; 16,357 μg/mL; 10,428 μg/mL. Uji efek sedatif dilakukan dengan metode traction test  dan diperoleh hasil ekstrak etanol dan ketiga fraksi memiliki pengaruh efek sedatif pada dosis 300 mg/kgBB dan 500 mg/kgBB dan dosis yang paling baik dalam memberikan pengaruh efek sedatif adalah 500 mg/kgBB. ABSTRACT Nutmeg is a plant that is included in a type of medicinal plant. This study aimed to analyze the total phytochemical content and test the sedative effect of ethanol extract, petroleum ether fraction, ethyl acetate and nutmeg pulp. Extraction was carried out by maceration, then the ethanol extract obtained was fractionated by partitioning. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method so that the total phenolic content of ethanol extract, petroleum ether fraction, ethyl acetate and nutmeg water was obtained, respectively, 26.284 μg/mL; 29,203 μg/mL; 28.725 μg/mL; 24,904 μg/mL. The total flavonoids were 9.999 μg/mL, respectively; 13.095 μg/mL; 13,729 μg/mL; 10,475 μg/mL. The total tannins were 16,642 μg/mL, respectively; 16,571 μg/mL; 16,357 μg/mL; 10,428 μg/mL. The sedative effect test was carried out by the traction test method and the results of the ethanol extract and the three fractions had a sedative effect at a dose of 300 mg/kgBB and 500 mg/kgBB and the best dose in giving a sedative effect was 500 mg/kgBB.

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