scholarly journals Detección de anticuerpos contra Histoplasma capsulatum, complejo Paracoccidioides y complejo Sporothrix schenckii en Canis familiaris, mediante la prueba de inmunodifusión en gel de agarosa. municipio Caroní, estado Bolívar, Venezuela

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-218
Author(s):  
Julman R Cermeño ◽  
Julio C Ortiz ◽  
Ana K Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Paracoccidioides Spp

Los hongos dimórficos, Histoplasma capsulatum, complejo Paracoccidioides spp. y complejo Sporothrix schenckii son los agentes causales de la histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomicosis y esporotricosis, respectivamente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la presencia de anticuerpos contra H. capsulatum, complejo Paracoccidioides spp. y complejo Sporothrix schenckii en perros domésticos (Canis familiaris) del municipio Caroní, estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo y transversal. Se recolectaron al azar 200 muestras de suero de igual número de perros pertenecientes a 10 localidades del municipio Caroní. Mediante la técnica de inmunodifusión en gel de agarosa, se buscaron anticuerpos específicos contra antígenos de H. capsulatum, complejo Paracoccidioides spp. y complejo Sporothrix schenckii. El 9,0% (n=18) de los caninos estudiados mostraron anticuerpos contra H. capsulatum, 7,0% (n=14) contra Paracoccidioides spp., 1,0% (n=2) para ambos hongos y 1,5% (n=3) para complejo Sporothrix schenckii; siendo ubicados, la mayoría de estos, en las localidades de San Félix y Unare. La detección de anticuerpos específicos contra Histoplasma capsulatum, complejo Paracoccidioides spp. y complejo S. schenckii en los perros, sugiere que estos agentes están presentes en el municipio Caroní. Probablemente, los humanos que habitan esta zona tengan una exposición similar a estos hongos y por tanto, el diagnóstico de las condiciones causadas por estos agentes debe ser considerado en esta área geográfica.

Recognition of Fungal Components by the Host Immune System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. García-Carnero ◽  
José A. Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
Luis M. Salazar-García ◽  
Nancy E. Lozoya-Pérez ◽  
Sandra E. González-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Fungal Antigens

: By being the first point of contact of the fungus with the host, the cell wall plays an important role in the pathogenesis, having many molecules that participate as antigens that are recognized by immune cells, and also that help the fungus to establish infection. The main molecules reported to trigger an immune response are chitin, glucans, oligosaccharides, proteins, melanin, phospholipids, and others, being present in the principal pathogenic fungi with clinical importance worldwide, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Sporothrix schenckii. Knowledge and understanding of how the immune system recognizes and responds to fungal antigens are relevant for the future research and development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for the control of mycosis caused by these fungi.

scholarly journals Estudio epidemiológico de histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomicosis y criptococosis en una zona urbana de Ciudad Guayana, estado Bolívar, Venezuela

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-207
Author(s):  
Julman R Cermeño ◽  
Ernesto Alayo ◽  
Julmery J. Cermeño ◽  
Alfredo Calzadilla ◽  
Alfredo Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Paracoccidioides Spp ◽  
Cryptococcus Spp ◽  
Ciudad Guayana

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de infecciones por Histoplasma capsulatum, Complejo Paracoccidioides spp. y Complejo Cryptoccocus en individuos que viven o trabajan en la Plaza de las Ciencias del Sur, Puerto Ordaz, en el estado Bolívar, Venezuela, donde se refugian aves migratorias. Se aplicó una encuesta clínico-epidemiológica y se administraron pruebas intradérmicas de histoplasmina y paracoccidiodina, a todos los sujetos participantes en el estudio. A aquellos individuos sintomáticos respiratorios crónicos, se les realizó una evaluación clínica, radiológica, cultivo micológico y estudio serológico (anticuerpos específicos para Histoplasma capsulatum, Complejo Paracoccidioides spp. y del antígeno capsular del Complejo Cryptococcus spp.). Se aplicaron 632 pruebas intradérmicas a 316 individuos. De estos, sólo 296 (93,7%) acudieron a la lectura de las pruebas. Los sujetos tenían una media de edad de 40,3 años (rango: 7-76 años). Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron: tos (n=49; 16,5%), expectoración (n=17; 5,7%) y fiebre (n=8; 2,7%). La prueba para la histoplasmina fue positiva en el 47,3% (n=140) y a la paracoccidioidina, en el 32,4% (n=96). Los factores de riesgos fueron: contacto con palomas 30,4% (n=90) y visitas a fincas con gallineros 29,1% (n=86). Se identificaron dos casos de paracoccidioidomicosis pulmonar (0,7%) y un caso (0,3%) de criptococosis pulmonar. La elevada prevalencia de infección por Histoplasma capsulatum (47,3%) y Paracoccidioides spp. (32,4%) en ambientes urbanos del estado Bolívar, demuestra la necesidad de promover la búsqueda activa de estos hongos patógenos en quienes tienen síntomas respiratorios crónicos, que no mejoran con terapia antibacteriana y que habitan en zonas con características ambientales y geográficas, propicias para el desarrollo de estos hongos.

scholarly journals Interaction of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Histoplasma capsulatum with Acanthamoeba castellanii

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 3478-3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith N. Steenbergen ◽  
Joshua D. Nosanchuk ◽  
Stephanie D. Malliaris ◽  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Dimorphic Fungi

ABSTRACT Several dimorphic fungi are important human pathogens, but the origin and maintenance of virulence in these organisms is enigmatic, since an interaction with a mammalian host is not a requisite for fungal survival. Recently, Cryptococcus neoformans was shown to interact with macrophages, slime molds, and amoebae in a similar manner, suggesting that fungal pathogenic strategies may arise from environmental interactions with phagocytic microorganisms. In this study, we examined the interactions of three dimorphic fungi with the soil amoeba Acanthameobae castellanii. Yeast forms of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Histoplasma capsulatum were each ingested by amoebae and macrophages, and phagocytosis of yeast cells resulted in amoeba death and fungal growth. H. capsulatum conidia were also cytotoxic to amoebae. For each fungal species, exposure of yeast cells to amoebae resulted in an increase in hyphal cells. Exposure of an avirulent laboratory strain of H. capsulatum to A. castellanii selected for, or induced, a phenotype of H. capsulatum that caused a persistent murine lung infection. These results are consistent with the view that soil amoebae may contribute to the selection and maintenance of certain traits in pathogenic dimorphic fungi that confer on these microbes the capacity for virulence in mammals.

scholarly journals Glutathione-dependent extracellular ferric reductase activities in dimorphic zoopathogenic fungi

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (7) ◽  
pp. 2233-2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zarnowski ◽  
Jon P. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Alkaline Environments

In this study, extracellular glutathione-dependent ferric reductase (GSH-FeR) activities in different dimorphic zoopathogenic fungal species were characterized. Supernatants from Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii strains grown in their yeast form were able to reduce iron enzymically with glutathione as a cofactor. Some variations in the level of reduction were noted amongst the strains. This activity was stable in acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline environments and was inhibited when trivalent aluminium and gallium ions were present. Using zymography, single bands of GSH-FeRs with apparent molecular masses varying from 430 to 460 kDa were identified in all strains. The same molecular mass range was determined by size exclusion chromatography. These data demonstrate that dimorphic zoopathogenic fungi produce and secrete a family of similar GSH-FeRs that may be involved in the acquisition and utilization of iron. Siderophore production by these and other fungi has sometimes been considered to provide a full explanation of iron acquisition in these organisms. Our work reveals an additional common mechanism that may be biologically and pathogenically important. Furthermore, while some characteristics of these enzymes such as extracellular location, cofactor utilization and large size are not individually unique, when considered together and shared across a range of fungi, they represent an important novel physiological feature.

Paracoccidioides spp. and Histoplasma capsulatum: Current and New Perspectives for Diagnosis and Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 1333-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Taborda ◽  
R. Buccheri ◽  
G. Benard ◽  
A.N. Duarte-Neto ◽  
J.D. Nosanchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Paracoccidioides Spp

The thermally-dimorphic systemic fungal group includes several important human pathogens: Blastomyces dermatitides, Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, P. lutzii, and Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei. They usually are geographically restricted and have natural habitats in soil or in plants, and when fungal propagules invade mammalian host by inhalation, they initiate an inflammatory reaction that can result in self-resolution of the infection or cause an acute or chronic disease. In the setting of the AIDS pandemic and the developments in modern medicine, such as immunosuppressive therapy in cancer surgery patients and in transplantation and autoimmune diseases, the incidence of endemic mycoses has progressively increased. Another important factor of the increased incidence of systemic mycoses in certain regions is the progressive devastation of tropical and subtropical forests. In this review, we focus on two of the most important systemic mycoses: paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis, and their major characteristics in epidemiology, clinical aspects and laboratorial diagnosis.

scholarly journals Vesicular Trans-Cell Wall Transport in Fungi: A Mechanism for the Delivery of Virulence-Associated Macromolecules?

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. LPI.S1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio L. Rodrigues ◽  
Leonardo Nimrichter ◽  
Debora L. Oliveira ◽  
Joshua D. Nosanchuk ◽  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cellular Origin

Fungal cells are encaged in rigid, complex cell walls. Until recently, there was remarkably little information regarding the trans-fungal cell wall transfer of intracellular macromolecules to the extracellular space. Recently, several studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms that fungal cells utilize to secrete a wide variety of macromolecules through the cell wall. The combined use of transmission electron microscopy, serology, biochemistry, proteomics and lipidomics have revealed that the fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Sporothrix schenckii, as well as the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, each produces extracellular vesicles that carry lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and pigment-like structures of unquestionable biological significance. Compositional analysis of the C. neoformans and H. capsulatum extracellular vesicles suggests that they may function as ‘virulence bags’, with the potential to modulate the host-pathogen interaction in favor of the fungus. The cellular origin of the extracellular vesicles remains unknown, but morphological and biochemical features indicate that they are similar to the well-described mammalian exosomes.

In vitro interactions between Blastomyces dermatitidis and other zoopathogenic fungi

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu P. Chaturvedi ◽  
Harbans S. Randhawa ◽  
Sudha Chaturvedi ◽  
Zia U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Pseudallescheria Boydii ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

The results of in vitro interactions between colonies of Blastomyces dermatitidis and six other zoopathogenic fungi are reported. The interactions were found to range from neutral with Histoplasma capsulatum and Candida albicans to strongly antagonistic with Microsporum gypseum, Pseudallescheria boydii, and Sporothrix schenckii, and including lysis by Cryptococcus neoformans. These observations suggest that interactions between zoopathogenic fungi may be one of the biotic factors likely to influence the occurrence of B. dermatitidis in natural systems.

scholarly journals Typing of Histoplasma capsulatum strains by fatty acid profile analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zarnowski ◽  
Makoto Miyazaki ◽  
Agnieszka Dobrzyn ◽  
James M. Ntambi ◽  
Jon P. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Strain Differentiation ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiling

The performance of fatty acid profiling for strain differentiation of Histoplasma capsulatum was assessed. Total fatty acids were isolated from the yeast-phase cells of seven stock and two previously unreported clinical strains of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, as well as from one unreported clinical strain and one stock strain of H. capsulatum var. duboisii, and one strain of each of three other dimorphic zoopathogenic fungal species, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii. Different colony morphology and pigmentation types of the H. capsulatum strains were also included. The most frequently occurring fatty acids were oleic, palmitic, stearic and linoleic acids. There were variations in the relative percentage fatty acid contents of H. capsulatum strains that could be used for strain identification and discrimination. Differentiation between H. capsulatum strains was achieved by the comparison of detected fatty acids accompanied by principal component analysis using calculated Varimax-rotated principal component loadings. Statistical analysis yielded three major principal components that explained over 94 % of total variance in the data. All the strains of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum RFLP classes II and III were grouped into two distinct clusters: the heterogenic RFLP class I formed a large, but also well-defined group, whereas the outgroup strains of H. capsulatum var. duboisii, B. dermatitidis, P. brasiliensis and S. schenckii were shifted away. These data suggest that fatty acid profiling can be used in H. capsulatum strain classification and epidemiological studies that require strain differentiation at the intraspecies level.

scholarly journals Effect of cetylpyridinium chloride on pathogenic fungi and Nocardia asteroides in sputum

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
B J Phillips ◽  
W Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Nocardia Asteroides ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis

The effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on pathogenic fungi and Nocardia asteroides was studied. Sputa seeded with each of 11 organisms (Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus fumigatus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Geotrichum candidum, Histoplasma capsulatum; Nocardia asteroides, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and Sporothrix schenckii) were treated with CPC and kept for 2, 5 and 9 days. The CPC reagent used (0.5% CPC and 0.5% sodium chloride) is one the Mycobacteriolgoy Branch at the Center for Disease Control added to sputa before shipping them to laboratories for recovery of mycobacteria. None of the organisms tested survived this treatment, and none was recovered on mycological or mycobacteriological media. Seeded sputa containing these organisms were also tested with a second CPC reagent (0.02% CPC and 0.5% sodium chloride) and held for 2, 5 and 9 days. A few colonies of A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and N. asteroides were recovered from these samples. Neither the morphology of the fungi nor their stainability by the fluorescent antibody method was affected by treatment with the reagent containing 0.5% CPC. However, the background material in smears from the 0.5% CPC-treated samples retained the conjugate, and this made weakly fluorescing organisms more difficult to detect. The 0.5% CPC treatment did not alter the morphology of N. asteroides or its ability to be stained with Kinyoun acid-fast stain.

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