scholarly journals Literature Review on Fatigue Life Analysis of Railway Track Incorporating Effect of Load Sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 289-297
Author(s):  
Krishnaveni Chevvu
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fatigue Characteristic ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
The People ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Fatigue Life Analysis

Abstract: As the railways are the prime mode of transportation, it is extensive to concentrate on railways which increase the economic growth of the country. Considering that the railway traffic system has an enormous influence on the people, the strength reliability of those components is a very important matter related to the safety and safety of the people. As for the strength reliability, one amongst the important study themes is that the strength or fatigue characteristic of every railway component that's subject to repeated loads during use. The reason why it is necessary to consider the fatigue characteristic carefully is that fatigue is a microscopic fracture caused by the initiation and propagation of a crack due to a cyclic slip deformation of the scale of single grain, that fatigue occurs even under a stress smaller than the strength characteristic under a static load (e.g., tensile strength), which it can suddenly result in a fatal fracture without causing any macroscopic plastic deformation and also causes derailment. The literature survey carried out talks about the ideal model for studying dynamic response of railway track, linear and non-linear approaches to find the fatigue life of railway track, crack initiation and propagation, inspection interval for cracks. The literature survey carried out in this paper gives a fair idea about the research gap and thus motivates researchers to carry out future research on the gap found. Keywords: Fatigue life, shear springs, dampers, literature survey, Rain-flow counting method, non-linear damage accumulation, linear mechanics approach, head checks crack and squat crack.

Estimation and Analysis for the Fatigue Life of Rail Joint Bolt

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 783-786
Author(s):  
Xiao Peng Li ◽  
Xing Ju ◽  
Guang Hui Zhao ◽  
Ya Min Liang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Tightening Torque ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Life Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Life Analysis

One of the most important reasons for railway traffic accidents is the fatigue failure of the rail joint bolt. Therefore, the research on the fatigue properties of rail joint bolt has important practical significance. This paper analyzed the influence of different pre-tightening torque on the fatigue life of the rail joint bolt. Besides, the best pre-tightening torque of the bolt was acquired through theoretical calculations. Finally, the fatigue life of the rail joint bolt was predicted according to the relevant basic theory and methods of fatigue life analysis, which applied numerical simulation technology.

scholarly journals Non-Linear Probabilistic Modification of Miner’s Rule for Damage Accumulation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7335
Author(s):  
Łukasz Blacha
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Damage Accumulation ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Miner’S Rule ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fatigue Life Analysis ◽  
Miner's Rule

A non-linear modification to Miner’s rule for damage accumulation is proposed to reduce the scatter between experimental fatigue life and fatigue life predicted according to the original Miner’s sum. Based on P-s-n probability distribution and design s-n curves, the modification satisfies the assumption of equality between the mean damage degree (at the critical level) and fatigue life random variables, which is not covered in the original formulation. The adopted formulation shows the discrepancies between the fatigue lives predicted according to the design s-n curves and the estimated probability distribution. It also proves that it is inappropriate to apply a normal distribution to fatigue life analysis and that the model becomes non-linear only for non-normal distributions. The predictions according to the established model were compared to the predictions obtained with Miner’s rule.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of Blue Nile Steel Bridge Superstructure: Fatigue Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Ali Hussein Mohamed Ali ◽  
Aws Zakaria Basheer Emam
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Fatigue Assessment ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Bridge Superstructure ◽  
Remaining Fatigue Life

The Blue Nile Steel Bridge over the Blue Nile River in Khartoum, Sudan, has been in service for 112 years. A riveted steel through-truss of Pettit Configuration with seven equal fixed spans of 65.53 m and a rolling lift span. The bridge currently accommodates approximately 61,000 vehicles per day along with insignificant pedestrian and railway traffic. Over the years from 1960 to 2014 several assessment studies were carried out by numerous parties have revealed that under cyclic loading of a long period time and effects of natural and man-made disasters, bridge deck was damaged severely and needed to be repaired and strengthened. A rehabilitation program was planned to extend the design life of the bridge for a more 50 years, which was carried out in period (2017 - 2018).This paper presents as a case study including a literature review on fatigue assessment of stringers on railway track. The rationale for selecting the rehabilitation strategy for the bridge is described, highlighting the challenging design aspects related to fatigue assessment, clarifying the methodology in which main members were identified for strengthening, using Midas Civil 2006 v7.01 and Midas FEA 2016 v1.1software to analyze the fatigue in the critical members by generating a model using Finite Element Method and estimating remaining fatigue life by adopting the classical approach (Stress-life method), the total damage accumulation was found greater than 1. Thus, it can be concluded that the stringers have no remaining fatigue life. Strengthening the stringers is considered the most favorable solution.  

Public Administration in the Islamic World: Considering the Importance of Religion, its Values and Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Daniel Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Salient Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Comparative Public Administration

A small but growing area of public administration scholarship appreciates the influence of religious values on various aspects of government. This appreciation parallels a growing interest in comparative public administration and indigenized forms of government which recognizes the role of culture in different approaches to government. This article is at the crossroads of these two trends while also considering a very salient region, the Islamic world. The Islamic world is uniquely religious, which makes this discussion even more relevant, as the nations that represent them strive towards legitimacy and stability. The history and core values of Islam need to be considered as they pertain to systems of government that are widely accepted by the people. In essence, this is being done in many countries across the Islamic world, providing fertile grounds for public administration research from a comparative perspective. This paper explores these possibilities for future research on this topic.

Serge Moscovici's "Réflexions sur la popularité des conspiracy mentalities"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Klein
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Representation Theory ◽  
The Masses

This is a pdf of the original typed manuscript of a lecture made in 2006. An annotated English translation will be published by the International Review of Social Psychology. I this text, Moscovici seeks to update his earlier work on the “conspiracy mentality” (1987) by considering the relationships between social representations and conspiracy mentality. Innovation in this field, Moscovici argues, will require a much thorough description and understanding of what conspiracy theories are, what rhetoric they use and what functions they fulfill. Specifically, Moscovici considers conspiracies as a form of counterfactual history implying a more desirable world (in which the conspiracy did not take place) and suggests that social representation theory should tackle this phenomenon. He explicitly links conspiracy theories to works of fiction and suggests that common principles might explain their popularity. Historically, he argues, conspiracism was born twice: First, in the middle ages, when their primary function was to exclude and destroy what was considered as heresy; and second, after the French revolution, to delegitimize the Enlightenment, which was attributed to a small coterie of reactionaries rather than to the will of the people. Moscovici then considers four aspects (“thematas”) of conspiracy mentality: 1/ the prohibition of knowledge; 2/ the duality between the majority (the masses, prohibited to know) and “enlightened” minorities; 3/ the search for a common origin, a “ur phenomenon” that connects historical events and provides a continuity to History (he notes that such a tendency is also present in social psychological theorizing); and 4/ the valorization of tradition as a bulwark against modernity. Some of Moscovici’s insights in this talk have since been borne out by contemporary research on the psychology of conspiracy theories, but many others still remain fascinating potential avenues for future research.

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of Historic Garden Management and Its Economic Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10679
Author(s):  
Cassandra Funsten ◽  
Valeria Borsellino ◽  
Emanuele Schimmenti
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
The People ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Recent Policy

Historic gardens are important parts of humanity’s built heritage within the designed landscape, providing many environmental, economic and socio-cultural benefits. Management is a key part of their conservation, perhaps the most difficult because it is costly, must be continual, and requires a skilled workforce. This systematic review looks at the literature addressing historic garden management, with special attention regarding the social, economic and environmental aspects of sustainability. Academic studies on this subject come from many different disciplines, making it both stimulating and fragmented. It is now time to consolidate these interdisciplinary efforts into a clear vision, including a framework of key themes and research methods so as to better coordinate efforts and make the information and innovation generated more accessible to the garden managers “in the trenches”. With this aim, reviewed studies are classified according to 10 criteria: supply or demand orientation; management phase involved; primary sustainability processes addressed; geographic criteria; number of sites covered; policy documents referred to; kind of data collected; study methods employed; possibility of bias specifically regarding historic gardens; garden use. An analysis of these criteria shows that historic garden management literature focuses on describing the gardens themselves, with few studies interested in the people supporting them. Future research should follow recent policy documents’ lead and pay more attention to community value and involvement.

Promoting Savings for Financial Resilience: Expanding the Psychological Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Crystal C. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Savings

In the United States, the lack of personal savings has been a perennial concern in the world of public policy. Policymakers and other practitioners constantly struggle with how to encourage families to accumulate funds in preparation for inevitable, but often unpredictable, financial emergencies. The field of applied behavioral science has attempted to address this challenge—often with mixed or modest results. I argue that psychological science (personality and social psychology in particular) offers underappreciated insights into the design and implementation of policy interventions to improve the rate of individual savings. In this article, I briefly discuss examples of prior interventions that have attempted to increase saving and then lay out some opportunities that have not been deeply explored. Future research in this area should broaden and deepen the way that psychology is leveraged as a tool to improve the financial security of the people who are the most vulnerable.

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