Studies on Mechanical and Flexural Strength of Carbon Nano Tube Reinforced with Hemp/Vinyl Ester/Carbon Fiber Laminated Hybrid Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 699-708
Author(s):  
Nandini MC
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Carbon Nano Tube

Abstract: In Recent days, the natural fibres from renewable natural resources offer the potential to act as a reinforcing material for polymer composites alternative to the use of glass, carbon and other man-made fibres. Among various fibres, Hemp is most widely used natural fibre due to its advantages like easy availability, low density, low production cost and satisfactory mechanical properties. Composite materials play a vital role in the field of materials to meet the stringent demands of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and near-net shapes. Composite is a structural material that consists of two or more combined constituents that are combined at a macroscopic level and are not soluble in each other. Composites are having two phases that are reinforcing phase like fiber, particle, or flakes & matrix phase like polymers, metals, and ceramics. In this project an attempt is made to prepare different combination of composite materials using hemp/carbon fiber and Carbon nano tube reinforcement and vinyl ester as the matrix material respectively. Composites were prepared according to ASTM standards and following test are carried out Tensile, Flexural and ILSS test. The effect of addition of Carbon nano tubes in hemp/vinyl ester/carbon fibers has been studied & it has been observed that there is a significant effect of fibre loading and performance of hemp/carbon fiber reinforced vinyl ester based hybrid composites with improved results Keywords: Hemp fiber, Vinyl ester, Carbon fiber, Tensile, Flexural and ILSS Test

scholarly journals Characterisation of Carbon Nano Tube Reinforced with hemp/vinyl Ester/Carbon Fiber Laminated Hybrid Composite

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Nandini MC ◽  
Dr. Shivarudraiah ◽  
Dr. H K Shivanand ◽  
Puneeth P
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Carbon Nano Tube

In Recent days, the natural fibres from renewable natural resources offer the potential to act as a reinforcing material for polymer composites alternative to the use of glass, carbon and other man-made fibres. Among various fibres, Hemp is most widely used natural fibre due to its advantages like easy availability, low density, low production cost and satisfactory mechanical properties. Composite materials play a vital role in the field of materials to meet the stringent demands of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and near-net shapes. Composite is a structural material that consists of two or more combined constituents that are combined at a macroscopic level and are not soluble in each other. Composites are having two phases that are reinforcing phase like fiber, particle, or flakes & matrix phase like polymers, metals, and ceramics. In this project an attempt is made to prepare different combination of composite materials using hemp/carbon fiber and Carbon nano tube reinforcement and vinyl ester as the matrix material respectively. Composites were prepared according to ASTM standards and following test are carried out Density test, Water absorption test and Impact test. The effect of addition of Carbon nano tubes in hemp/vinyl ester/carbon fibers has been studied & it has been observed that there is a significant effect of fibre loading and performance of hemp/carbon fiber reinforced vinyl ester based hybrid composites with improved results.

Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of aluminium sandwiched sisal/kenaf/aloevera/jute/flax natural fibre-reinforced epoxy LY556/GY250 composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112097350
Author(s):  
Jeswin Arputhabalan ◽  
L Karunamoorthy ◽  
K Palanikumar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Natural Fibres

In engineering, composites have indicated a more profound influence in the recent development of materials with high strength to weight ratio. The purpose of this work is to identify the different and specific properties which a composite possesses when various reinforcement fibres are used in different epoxy matrix material. Composite materials have a major role to play with meeting that requirement. Many natural fibre composite materials possess good mechanical properties but still lack in satisfying applications requirements and alternate for which is seen as sandwich natural fibre composites. In this investigation, an effort has been made to study the mechanical properties exhibited by sandwich epoxy composite reinforced with various commonly used natural fibres, namely Aloevera, Kenaf, Sisal, Jute and Flax. The polymer resin used as matrix is also varied using Epoxy LY556 and Epoxy GY250. The originality of this work is in the use of Epoxy GY250 to fabricate sandwich composites with five commonly available natural fibres and compare its performance to the more widely used Epoxy LY556. It has been determined through various mechanical tests, which particular epoxy resin bonds better with the natural fibres namely, jute, sisal, aloe vera, kenaf and flax thereby providing better tensile, impact and flexural properties. The investigation is hoped to provide an insight into how the environmentally friendly natural fibres interact with the varying matrix resins and how this interaction affects the mechanical properties of said composites.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF IPNS (VINYLESTER/EPOXY/POLYURETHANE) ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS/CARBON FIBER REINFORCED HYBRID COMPOSITES

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Santhosh priya Karjala ◽  
Vijay Kumar Kuttynadar Rajammal ◽  
Suresh Gopi ◽  
Rajesh Ravi ◽  
Devanathan Chockalingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Fiber Reinforcement ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Glass Carbon ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforcement

The main objective of this study is to compare the interpenetrating polymer networks’ (IPNs) physical strengths with different variants of fibers. In this study, E-glass, carbon, and a combination of E-glass and carbon fiber (hybrid) have been taken as the reinforcement. Similarly, three combinations of the IPNs were chosen as the matrix material, namely epoxy / polyurethane (EP), vinyl ester / polyurethane (VP) and epoxy/vinyl ester (EV) as IPN blends. In order to thoroughly understand the physical characteristics of the combination of blends and fibers, nine variants (laminates) were fabricated: combinations of epoxy / polyurethane / E-glass (EPG), epoxy / polyurethane / carbon (EPC), epoxy / vinyl ester / glass / carbon (EPGC-hybrid), vinyl ester / polyurethane / glass (VPG), vinyl ester / polyurethane / carbon (VPC), vinyl ester / polyurethane / glass / carbon (VPGC), epoxy / vinyl ester / glass (EVG), epoxy / vinyl ester / carbon (EVC), and epoxy / vinyl ester / glass / carbon (EVGC-hybrid), all with help of a hand-layup technique. Furthermore, mechanical tests such as tensile, flexural, impact, and HDT (heat distortion temperature) were performed on all the variants as per the ASTM standards. Results shows that carbon fiber reinforcement with all IPN combinations has shown extraordinary performance (double fold) over the E-glass fiber reinforcement, whereas the hybrid (combination of E-glass/carbon) laminates have shown excellent characteristics over E-glass fiber reinforcement, irrespective of IPN matrix material. All the results were compared with each other and their corresponding variations were plotted as bar charts. ABSTRAK:  Objektif utama kajian ini adalah bagi membandingkan kekuatan fizikal rangkaian polimer saling menusuk (IPN) dengan pelbagai jenis gentian berbeza. Kajian ini mengguna pakai gentian kaca-E, karbon dan gabungan kaca-E dan gentian karbon (hibrid) sebagai penguat. Begitu juga, tiga kombinasi IPN dipilih sebagai bahan matrik, iaitu epoksi / poliuretan (EP), ester vinil / poliuretan (VP) dan epoksi / ester vinil (EV) sebagai campuran IPN. Bagi tujuan memahami secara mendalam ciri-ciri fizikal gabungan campuran dan gentian, sembilan varian (lamina) dihasilkan, malaui kombinasi seperti epoksi / poliuretan / kaca-E (EPG), epoksi / poliuretan / karbon (EPC), epoksi / ester vinil / kaca / karbon (EPGC-hibrid), ester vinil / poliuretan / kaca (VPG), ester vinil / poliuretan / karbon (VPC), ester vinil / poliuretan / kaca / karbon (VPGC), epoksi / ester vinil / kaca (EVG), epoksi / ester vinil / karbon (EVC), epoksi / ester vinil / kaca / karbon (EVGC-hibrid) dengan teknik susun atur lapisan menggunakan tangan. Selain itu, ujian mekanikal seperti tegangan, lenturan, hentaman dan HDT (suhu kelenturan panas) dilakukan pada semua varian mengikut piawaian ASTM. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa, penguat gentian karbon dengan semua kombinasi IPN telah menunjukkan prestasi luar biasa (dua kali ganda) daripada penguat gentian kaca-E, manakala lamina hibrid (campuran kaca-E / karbon) telah menunjukkan ciri-ciri sangat baik berbanding penguat gentian kaca-E tanpa mengira bahan matrik IPN. Semua hasil dapatan dibandingkan antara satu sama lain dan padanan variasi diplot sebagai carta bar.

Thermal Property Evaluation of Chilled Aluminum-Alumina MMC

2015 ◽  
Vol 1101 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
B.C. Suresh ◽  
S.B. Arun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Thermal Property ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Property Evaluation

Now a day’s composite materials are taking very important role in industrial growth. Composite materials are widely used in Automobiles, aerospace, submarine and also in other major fields, due to their special characteristics like light weight, high strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance. The determination of Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of MMCs is important to aid its usage in high temperature environment as in the case of automobile combustion chamber. In these applications the stability of the composites over a long period of operation is a critical design considerationPresent work deals with the thermal property evaluation of the Al alloy / alumina metal matrix composite developed using the Stir Casting with chilling route technique. LM 26 Al alloy is being selected as the matrix material as it is a potential alloy for automotive piston applications. Al alloy / alumina MMCs was cast under end chilling technique by dispersing the reinforcement from 6 to 12 wt% the steps of 3% to study the variation in its thermal properties. At the same time chill material is also changed (Copper and MS) for different composition of MMCs cast to study the thermal behavior variations. After casting the required MMC, test specimens were prepared as per the standards to conduct thermal conductivity (K) tests and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) tests. Above tests were repeated for different composites containing different weight % of dispersed cast using different chills.

Mechanical properties of hybrid composites reinforced by carbon fiber and high-strength and high-modulus polyimide fiber

Polymer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 122830
Author(s):  
Bin He ◽  
Boyao Wang ◽  
Zhanwen Wang ◽  
Shengli Qi ◽  
Guofeng Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Polyimide Fiber

Validation of fatigue damage model for composites made of various fiber types and configurations

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Shahzad ◽  
Sana Ullah Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Fatigue Data ◽  
Polyester Composites

Empirical model for predicting fatigue damage behavior of composite materials developed recently has been applied to composite materials made of different fibers in various configurations: carbon and glass fiber noncrimp fabric reinforced epoxy composites, chopped strand mat glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites, randomly oriented nonwoven hemp fiber-reinforced polyester composites, and glass/hemp fiber-reinforced polyester hybrid composites. The fatigue properties were evaluated in tension–tension mode at stress ratio R = 0.1 and frequency of 1 Hz. The experimental fatigue data were used to determine the material parameters required for the model. It has been found that the model accurately predicts the degradation of fatigue life of composites with an increase in number of fatigue cycles. The scope of applicability of this model has thus been broadened by using the fatigue data of natural fiber and noncrimp fabric composites.

scholarly journals Influence of post curing on GFRP hybrid composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Vithal Rao Chavan ◽  
K. R. Dinesh ◽  
K. Veeresh ◽  
Veerabhadrappa Algur ◽  
Manjunath Shettar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Synthetic Fibre ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Cellulose Fibre ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Set Up

Composite materials for the most part depicted as the mixes of two or more materials that outcome in the unmistakable properties than that of guard materials. Fibre strengthened plastics have been all around utilized for get-together flying machine and transport key parts as a delayed consequence of their specific mechanical and physical properties, for example, high particular quality and high particular robustness. Another pertinent application for fibre maintained polymeric composites (particularly glass fibre strengthened plastics) is in the electronic business, in which they are utilized for passing on printed wiring sheets. The utilization of polymer composite materials is winding up being powerfully essential. The present work delineates the change and mechanical portrayal of new polymer composites including glass fibre fortress, epoxy and maple cellulose fibre. The starting late made composites are delineated for their mechanical properties. The composite spreads were set up by utilizing hand layup framework. The experiments were conducted on and studied the effect of post curing on hybrid composites. The result reveals that the samples only with natural fibre have more promising results compared with synthetic fibre. The synthetic fibres get wrinkled due to post curing were as no such visuals in the natural fibres.

Mechanical, Absorption and Swelling Properties of Vinyl Ester Based Natural Fibre Hybrid Composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Ahmed Nasimudeen ◽  
Sharwine Karounamourthy ◽  
Joshua Selvarathinam ◽  
Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani ◽  
Harikrishnan Pulikkalparambil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Flexural Testing ◽  
Structural Applications

Natural fibres such as Banana (B), Jute (J) and Kenaf (K) were hybridized in different stacking sequences in vinyl ester. The composites with hybridized fibres were tested to evaluate their tensile, flexural and impact properties. Further, they were also tested for their water absorption and thickness swelling behavior. The hybridization of the fibre mats had an encouraging outcome on the mechanical behavior. The JKBKBJ hybrid composite possessed the maximum tensile strength (34.12 MPa) while maximum stiffness of 1.667 GPa was observed for the KBJJBK hybrid composites. The observations from the flexural testing indicated that the hybrid composites resisted the flexural load for higher displacement. All the hybrid configurations presented better impact strength over the composites reinforced with kenaf and jute fibres. Among the hybrid composites investigated, the KJBBJK hybrid composite displayed highest impact strength (12.32 kJ/m2). The improved strength, stiffness and lower moisture absorption properties make the composites with hybridized fibres a potential candidate for the light weight structural applications.

scholarly journals Composite materials based on natural fibres applied for structural reinforcement

2022 ◽  
Vol 960 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
G Bou Abdallah ◽  
I Ivanova ◽  
J Assih ◽  
C Diagana ◽  
D Dontchev
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
External Reinforcement

Abstract Environmental problems and environmental protection triggered a rapid development of natural fibres as sustainable materials for the reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures. Synthetic fibre polymer composite materials have been widely accepted by the construction industries as an effective external reinforcement material to rehabilitate deficiencies in existing structures. These materials have exceptional performance such as high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance and lightness. However, the disadvantages include high costs during manufacturing and end-of-life services, less environmentally friendly and causing adverse effects on human health. This article presents an experimental program on the use of natural fibres as reinforcement in composite materials for structural strengthening. Different types of natural fibre fabrics (hemp, flax, mixed hemp and cotton) in terms of their mechanical properties were studied. The fibre and fibre fabric sheets were tested in tension test and compared with carbon and glass fibre fabric sheet as reference. So, this study carries out the effect of natural hemp and flax fibre fabric thickness on ultimate loads of specimens. In addition, the ultimate load and stiffness of strengthened beams were investigated. In fact, the results show that the reinforcement technique allows to increase the load-bearing of strengthened structure by 8% to 35% in bending tests.

Measurement of microscopic displacements in graphite/epoxy composite materials using a SEM-generated surface map

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
R.C. Burghardt ◽  
J.M. Ehrman ◽  
T.C. Stephens ◽  
M.F. Hibbs
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Sporting Goods

Graphite fiber-reinforced resin composite materials have a wide use in aerospace, automotive and sporting goods applications where high strength to weight ratios are requisite. Many of these materials use highly cross-linked epoxy resins as the matrix material. Unfortunately these resins have a low resistance to crack propagation and as a result research efforts have been directed towards reducing this tendency.The ability to measure microscopic displacements and calculate strain fields in the vicinity of a fracture crack tip under experimental conditions was needed in order to help predict the fracture resistance of various composite materials being tested. A technique was developed that made it possible to derive displacement measurements on a micrometer scale in the region of a crack tip from observations of epoxy-based composites being fractured using a tensile stage equipped scanning electron microscope (SEM). Samples were polished on the surface to be observed and sputter coated with 5 to 10 nanometers of either gold or 60:40 gold-palladium prior to mounting on the TS-2 tensile stage of a JEOL JSM-35CF. This instrument was also equipped with a Krisel beam interceptor, a beam current meter, a Tracor Northern TN-2000 x-ray analyzer and a TN-1310 digital beam control system. Using the digital beam and x-ray mapping capabilities a matrix of small dots was “written” onto the surface of the sample as shown in figure 1.

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