scholarly journals Systemic Review of Application of Six Sigma Approaches in Small and Medium Scale Industries: A Review in Respect of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Neeru Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Abstract: Six Sigma is a tool which helps industries to control the defects and all other issues which can be possible factors to reduce the growth of the company. It was seen that in large scale industries, the Six Sigma is used form previous decades but when goes to small and medium scale industries, there is lack of implementation of Six Sigma and its tools, so in present review paper, various research papers selected in which small and medium scale industries are selected. In this paper all possible aspects of the Six Sigma is presented in detail. Keywords: Six Sigma, Tools, Small Scale Industries, DMAIC approach, Manufacturing Industries

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE FUCTIONAL ROLE OF RICE MILLING COMPANY ON THE WELFARE OF RICE FARMERS IN THE SUB-DISTRICT BUAY MADANG TIMUR DISTRICT OKU TIMUR

Jurnal AKTUAL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Aisah Aisah
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Rice Milling ◽  
Processing And Storage

Rice Milling Company is rice industry’s oldest and largest classified in Indonesia, which is able to absorb more than 10 million workers, handles more than 40 million tons of grain.  Rice Milling Company agro-industy is the central point, because this is where the main product is obtained in the form of rice and raw materials for advanced processing of food and industrial products.  Rice Miling Unit in the district of OKU Timur there is some skala, ranging form small-scale, medium-scale to large-scale.  Fuctional benefits of each different scale milling is also different.  The average rice farmers often sell gabahnya to the rice milling unit closest to the place residence, whether it is large-scale, medium and small.  Rice produced by the milling-grinding different quality.  Usually when a large-scale millimg yield of rice is cleaner than the other scale.  But it does not become a reference for milling grain milling usually depends on consumer demand.  The purpose of the study are : 1.  To determine levels of volume (tonnage) and the retention time of each service fuctional rice storage (barns) wich carried a different scale rice milling unit.  2.  To determine differences in the bebefits of economic transactions received by farmers and rice millers of different scale of business, especially when seen from the level of the milling costs, the purchase price of rice by rice milling unit, and the quality of milling services and service scale.  The result show that : the fuctional role of each is different milling.  Large-scale milling has three fuctional roles are : Processing, storage and distribution.  Medium-scale miling functional has two roles, namely : processing and distribution.  While small-scale rice milling unit has only two functional roles are : processing and storage.

scholarly journals Effect of the scale of production on the cost-effectiveness of milk production systems belonging to the “Balde Cheio” program

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Flávio De Moraes ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Lopes ◽  
Francisval De Melo Carvalho ◽  
Afonso Aurélio de Carvalho Peres ◽  
Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
The Cost

This study investigates the cost-effectiveness of 20 demonstration units (DUs) belonging to the "Balde Cheio" program. The units in question are from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, dating from January to December 2011, and are sorted according to the scale of production (small, medium and large). The data were analyzed using Predictive Analytical software (PASW) 18.0. The scale of production influenced the total cost of milk production, and therefore profitability and cost-effectiveness. The large-scale stratum showed the lowest total unit cost. The positive results in medium and large scales in milk production lead to optimal conditions for long-term production, with the capitalization of cowmen. The items regarding the effective operating cost (EOC) with the biggest influence on the costs of dairy activity in the small scale stratum were food, energy and miscellaneous expenses. In the medium scale, these were food, labor force, and miscellaneous expenses. Finally, in the large scale, they were food, labor force and energy. In the small and large scale, the items regarding the total cost with the biggest influence on the costs of dairy activity were food, labor force, and return on capital, while in the medium scale, they were food, return on capital, and labor force. The average break-even point of 14 of the DUs was higher than the average daily production.

scholarly journals Hydrologic-environmental effects of sponge city under different spatial scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiake Li ◽  
Cong Mu ◽  
Chenning Deng ◽  
Menghua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Runoff Reduction

Abstract The storm water management models were established at three spatial scales (large, medium, and small) based on a sponge city pilot area in China to explore the hydrological and environmental effects of rainfall conditions and development modes. Results showed the following. (1) Total runoff reduction rates increased from 26.7% to 53.9% for the rainfall event of a 2-year recurrence period as the scale increased. For 5-year and above recurrence periods, total runoff reduction rates were 19.5–49.4%. These rates increased from the small to medium scale and slightly decreased from the medium to large scale. (2) The runoff coefficients were 0.87–0.29, which decreased from the small to medium scale and were basically constant from the medium to large scale. (3) The peak flow reduction rates decreased with increased recurrence periods. The rates increased initially and then decreased at the small scale, whereas the opposite trend occurred at the medium scale. (4) The reduction rates of pollutants were negatively correlated with recurrence periods under the three spatial scales. The pollution load reduction rates were 19.5–54.7%, which increased from the small to medium scale and were basically constant from the medium to large scale.

scholarly journals Cartographic Remote-Sensing Monitoring of Glaciological Systems (Example, Mount El‛ Brus, U.S.S.R.) (Abstract)

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 247-248
Author(s):  
Yu. F. Knizhnikov ◽  
V.I. Kravtsova ◽  
I.A. Labutina
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Remote Sensing Monitoring ◽  
Periglacial Zone

Remote-sensing methods in monitoring the glacierization of Mount EI‛ brus are used to produce base and dynamic maps, and to obtain quantitative information (dynamic indices) about the rate, intensity, and variations of the process. The monitoring system is divided, according to scope and territory covered, into small-scale for total glacierization and the periglacial zone, medium-scale for separate glaciers, and large-scale (detailed) for part of the glaciers or sectors of the adjoining slopes. The approximate relationship of even scales is 1 : 4. Small-scale monitoring remote-sensing systems are important for making maps showing the complex characteristics of the glaciological system. A series of maps was produced including geographical, those of high-altitude zones, slope and exposure angles, geological, glaciomorphological, climatic (temperature, precipitation, and winds), distribution of direct solar radiation, hydrological (source of streams), seats of avalanches, and landslides. All these data serve as a cartographical basis in monitoring the glacierization of Mount EI‛ brus. They are compiled from remotely sensed and Earth-based data. Current monitoring on a small scale includes observations of the conditions which determine the existence of the glacial system - this includes data on winter snowfall and the period of snow cover. These observations were obtained from meteorological and resource satellites, and from scanner data of medium and high resolution. Also important are observations of changes in the outline of glaciers, times of snowfall and character of the distribution of snow, and its redistribution due to avalanches and snowstorms. High-resolution space photographs, small-scale aerial photographs, and aerovisual observations provide the data for these observations. It has been determined that the area of the glaciers of Mount El‛ brus has been reduced by 1 % in the last 25 years, i.e. the rate of its deglacierization dropped sharply as compared to preceding decades. The role of quantitative information gains importance in the medium-scale level of monitoring. Topographical maps of separate glaciers compiled from aerial photographs or data from ground stereo-photogrammetric surveys constitute the base maps at this level. The main method used in monitoring were large-scale surveys from aircraft, perspective surveys from helicopters, and phototheodolite surveys. Multi-date surveys of the glaciers provide data about the changes in their outlines and height, the character of their relief, their moraines, the amount of snow accumulation and ablation in separate years, the surface rates of ice flow and their fluctuations. The techniques by which quantitative information is obtained about changes in the glaciers are derived from processing the data of multi-date surveys. The organization and techniques of phototheodolite surveys have been improved. A theory evolved for determining the surface-ice movement by stereo-photogrammetric means and the technique for it has also improved; algorithms and programs for machine processing of the data of multi-date surveys (ground and from aircraft) have been produced At this level of monitoring, it has been found that the retreat rate of most glaciers has slowed down and several glaciers are now in equilibrium. Several glaciers became active at the beginning of the 1970s and 1980s; this was accompanied by an increase in their height and forward movement. For example, activation of Kyukyurtlyu Glacier has been recorded (higher surface and increasing flow rate) which has caused the glacier to move forward 100 m. Surveys at an interval of 2 years recorded the beginning of the process of retreat of this glacier. Detailed monitoring is used to detect the mechanism of the dynamic processes and to study it on local representative sectors. On a glacier it may take the form of annual surveys of its tongue, which makes it possible to observe the processes of formation of moraines and glacio-fluvial relief. Studies may also be made of the mechanism of the movement of avalanches and landslides, deducing their quantitative characteristics and appraising the results of avalanches and landslides. Multi-date surveys of sectors of the slopes provide information about processes in the periglacial zone. At this level, regularly repeated ground stereo-photogrammetric surveys are the main means of observation. Glaciological remote-sensing monitoring provides a wealth of data for theoretical development in the field of glaciology. It makes it possible to forecast and produce warnings about hazardous processes and phenomena.

Analysis of Synergies among the Ecological Factors of Farmland in a Township

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 916-920
Author(s):  
Yu Huan Li ◽  
Deng Qiu Li ◽  
Jie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Factorial Kriging ◽  
Spherical Models ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Coordination

The spatial variability of single ecological factors of the farmland and the synergies among the ecological factors were studied by using geostatistical analysis and factorial kriging analysis (FKA).The results show that all of the spherical models of the co-variogram can be grouped into four parts: the nugget part, the small-scale part, the medium-scale part, and the large-scale part. The mean value of the small-scale range (1.12-1.85 km) is approximately 1.50 km, that of the medium-scale range (3.40-4.10 km) is approximately 3.8 km, and that of the large-scale range (9.35-10.10 km) is approximately 9.8 km. The correlations between each factor on the four scales vary, and the correlation between each factor on the medium scale is the strongest. In this paper, the ecological factors of the farmland on the medium scale have relatively consistent variability and sources, indicating that all of the factors on that scale have a high coordination.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behavior of ARC Welding using Different Flux Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4344-4349
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Welding Operation ◽  
Small Scale Industries

To perform welding process on the material under varying conditions with different flux materials, different welding parameters and further subjecting the material to various suitable tests such as tensile test, hardness test, optical tests and study the characteristics of the material under testing. The tests conducted on the welded work piece it is proposed the suitable parameters under which welding of greater precision can be performed. it is also analyzed the working conditions under which the selected work piece material of stainless steel grade 304 would deviate from its desired characteristics. From the results of the tests it is able to determine the conditions that would reduce the characteristics of the welded work piece. Thus it can be further used for reference when the welding process is done on the same material of stainless steel of grade 304. The electrodes that were chosen for this project were selected by the criteria of widely used and chief material in the welding of various grades of stainless steel. The composition of the chemicals that constitute the electrodes were tribiologically analyzed and studied. The need for high precision welding in large scale as well as small scale industries is relatively high as the threshold for errors in such areas are greatly undesirable. The results of this study would greatly contribute to the reduction of errors and defects in the welding operation.

scholarly journals Quality control challenges post covid-19 crisis: an integrated IoT and IoP approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 2161 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
Harshit Sharma ◽  
G Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Customer Trust ◽  
Near Future

Abstract The Covid -19 is arguably the biggest pandemic in history and there are a lot of challenges that must be dealt with. One of the biggest challenges post Covid-19 is to tackle quality control challenges. This research paper discusses some of these challenges and solutions using an integrated internet of things (IoT) and internet of protocols (IoP) based approach and further showing its implementation in the industry world and hence, proving to be a solution for damage assessment. With the help of IoT- enabled quality control system, six-sigma rule is also analysed. Post Covid crisis, it is important for every institution to gain back customer trust so quality of materials should be maintained and IoT enables us to do the same. The unification of industrial IoT (IIoT) and industry 4.0 is also discussed as it leads us to understand that this unification is the next evolution of smart manufacturing and digital technologies. This methodology can lead us to accelerated innovation in applications for overcoming the eventual challenges post Covid in the near future. Also, small-scale/large-scale companies making use of the above research methodology can adhere to six-sigma criterion.

Sedimentary structures and paleocurrents in a Tertiary deltaic succession, northern Banks Basin, Arctic Canada

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1422-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Miall
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sedimentary Structure ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
Point Bar ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Mouth Bar ◽  
Delta Lobe

The Eureka Sound Formation of northern Banks Basin is a deltaic unit of Paleocene to Eocene age. A basal member of shale, approximately 100 m thick, passes vertically and, in part, laterally into a succession of sand, silt, shale, and lignitic coal approximately 1000 m thick, which is referred to as the cyclic member because of the abundance of coarsening-upward cycles, averaging 7.4 m in thickness.Sand beds in the cyclic member can be divided into four lithofacies: (1) A facires dominated by medium- to large-scale planar crossbedding, formed by channel processes, including lateral point bar accretion, in the delta plain environment. (2) A predominance of medium-scale trough and (minor) planar crossbeds, formed by migrating dunes in distributary mouth bar sands. (3) A predominance of small-scale ripple-marks, formed by low energy, unimodal currents in distal distributary mouth sands. (4) A lack of current structures, indicating quiet-water, interdeltaic and prodeltaic deposition. The distribution of these four facies outlines a series of small lobate deltas.Paleocurrent data suggest a pattern of radiating distributaries within each delta lobe. Directional variance, when analyzed at various levels of the sedimentary structure hierarchy, provides information regarding channel sinuosity and enables comparisons to be made with other deltaic deposits. High variance for the directions of the distributaries is consistent with a fluvially dominated delta.

Estimation of Elasticities of Substitution for CES Production Functions using Data on Selected Manufacturing Industries in Pakistan

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Battese ◽  
Sohail J. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Asset Size

Firm-level stochastic CES production functions are specified for large and Small-scale firms in twelve manufacturing industries in Pakistan. Assuming that firms within specified asset-size categories for which aggregative data are available have the same levels of productive inputs, the elasticities of substitution of labour for capital are estimated, using weighted least-squares regression. For large-scale firms, the estimated elasticities are generally not significantly different from one, whereas for small-scale firms the elasticities are significantly smaller than one but greater than zero. These results indicate that there may exist more possibilities for the substitution of labour for capital in manufacturing industries in Pakistan than were claimed by earlier researchers. This finding has important policy implications for Pakistan's economic development.

Review of Expander Selection for Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Saghlatoun ◽  
Weilin Zhuge ◽  
Yangjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Small Scale Industries

After more than twenty years working on the selection of an appropriate expander for Organic Rankine cycles and wide research and attentions about its influence on the performance and total cost of waste heat recovery systems, now there is a good-enough background studies and achievement for large scale applications. But small-scale industries is like a art space to modify and revise the previous results. As it is clearly known, in small-scale applications and industries especially in internal combustion engines, besides the investigation of performance, physical properties and final efficiency of expander, other parameters should be analyzed accurately like manufacturing cost, availability, reliability, sensitivity to operating condition fluctuations. Due to a significant role of expander equipment to enhance the efficiency of ORC system in the first step expanders is investigated. In this paper, as per related operating characteristics, a complete comparison of small-scale expanders will be debated to guide designers to select more appropriate and the best efficient expansion machine as per their requirements. According to available literatures there is more need to do research about different types of expanders with various operating conditions in small-scale industries.

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