scholarly journals Geoecological rationale of the development of housing and communal services sludge storages by the method of multidimensional data processing

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
Konstantin L’vovich Chertes ◽  
Ol’ga Vladimirovna Tupitsyna ◽  
Vitaliy Nikolaevich Pystin ◽  
Vasiliy Vasil’evich Ermakov ◽  
Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna Ramenskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Natural Analogues ◽  
Housing Services ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
Basic Characteristics

The activity of housing services and utilities results in great amounts of waste: sludge of water and wastewater utilities, waste waters of TPPs and recycling water supply. The known ways of such waste utilization are related to production of construction materials and secondary reactants for wastewater treatment. Though the volumes of sludge most often exceed the regional demand in raw materials for local construction materials or coagulants. Moreover sludge as man-made raw material cannot compete with their natural analogues in terms of quality.The basic characteristics of housing and communal services sludge storages were considered from the perspective of their target development. The system of state assessment of sludge storages was represented by the multidimensional data analysis. The waste disposal facilities considered in this study were classified into three groups from the perspective of the feasibility and practicability of their abandoning. An example of the digital matrix of waste disposal facilities’ condition was given. The constructive and technological design of the system of recultivating materials production was given.

Sustainable Construction Materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 658-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Ralegaonkar ◽  
M. V. Madurwar ◽  
V. V. Sakhare
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
City Development ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
By Products

Due to ever increasing demand for the conventional construction materials as well as an increase in agro-industrial by-products it is essential to reuse these materials. As a smart city solution this chapter briefs an overview for the application of alternate raw materials as a principal source for the development of sustainable construction materials. The potential application of the discussed raw materials is elaborated as cementitious material, the aggregates as well as alternative reinforcement material. To understand the process of application, sustainable masonry product development is discussed in detail. In order to evaluate the feasibility of the raw material, the necessary physico-chemical test evaluation methods are also briefed. The developed end product performance evaluation is also discussed by desired tests as recommended by standards. The chapter concludes with a positive note that reuse of agro-industrial by-products is a feasible solution for the smart city development.

Waste-Based Construction Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 88-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Zelinskaya ◽  
N.A. Tolmacheva ◽  
V.V. Barakhtenko ◽  
A.E. Burdonov ◽  
N.E. Garashchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Composite Construction ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
And Storage

The article is devoted to the research into the utilization of large volume industrial wastes to produce mineral-polymer composite construction materials. To produce the composites, polyvinyl chloride wastes have been suggested as binding thermoplastic matrix and ash-and-slag wastes, which are the by-product of coal combustion at TPP of Irkutsk Oblast, as mineral filler. Since the problem of accumulation and storage, such as large volumes of power generation industry wastes is becoming more and more serious, the recycling of these wastes with the production of useful products is the vital task. Plants that manufacture products from PVC also produce plastic wastes in the form of rejected and substandard raw material, which can be recycled. At the same time, the problem of production available construction materials for the Baikal region from the local cheap raw material is solved. The team of Irkutsk National Research Technical University has conducted a number of the industrial trials on the production of mineral-polymer composites by the method of extrusion. As a result, the principal opportunity of co-utilization of PVC wastes and ash-and-slag materials during the production of composite construction materials has been testified. Local construction companies can use the produced materials.

Green gold of Africa – Can growing native bamboo in Ethiopia become a commercially viable business?

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (05) ◽  
pp. 628-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Böck
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Increasing Demand

With concerns about climate change and the search for sustainable construction materials, significant attention is now being paid to Africa's natural resources. Ethiopia, known as Africa's political capital, has a rapidly expanding economy with increasing demand for new construction materials. Through public private partnerships projects the country is developing a sustainable business model to promote bamboo as a raw material. The subtropical zone of Ethiopia is home to approximately 65% of Africa's bamboo resources, an area of over 1 million hectares. Bamboo is potentially an ideal source of local, sustainable purpose-engineered building materials for growing cities not only in Ethiopia but across Africa. Production of conventional construction materials such as steel and concrete is expensive, highly energy intensive and unsustainable, requiring large quantities of water and is strongly dependent on imported raw materials. Bamboo is a renewable building material widely cultivated in Ethiopia but not yet utilized in modern construction. Structural Bamboo Products (SBP), similar to engineered wood products, have excellent potential to partially replace the use of more energy-intensive materials. Projects such as African Bamboo are taking steps in managing, cultivating and using Ethiopian bamboo species to help mitigate rapid deforestation in East Africa by creating alternative “wood” sources and sustainable business opportunities.

scholarly journals Investigations of quartz raw materials from the locality of Rekovac muncipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
Slavica Mihajlovic ◽  
Zivko Sekulic ◽  
Jovica Stojanovic ◽  
Vladan Kasic ◽  
Iroslav Sokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Potential Applications

Quality of raw materials, including quartz sand and quartzite, varies from one deposit to another. Furthermore, the material quality determines in which industrial branches it can be used after certain preparation processes. Potential applications of quartz raw materials are: in the construction and refractory industry, ceramics and glass industry, then in metallurgy, foundry and also in production of water treatment filters. Geological investigations of the central Serbia region, in the Rekovac municipality, resulted in identification of occurrence of quartz sand ("Ursula") and quartzite ("Velika Krusevica"). Preliminary laboratory tests and characterization of the quartz sand size fraction -0.63+0.1 mm confirmed the possibility of applying this size fraction in the construction materials industry, while the quartzite can be used in refractory, glass and metallurgy industries. After determining the geological reserve of quartz sand "Ursula" and quartzite "Velika Krusevica", detailed investigations are required. Quality conditions from the aspect of chemical composition and physical properties of quartz sand and quartzite are mostly clearly defined by a special standard for this purpose. On the other hand, there are also application areas where standards does not exist, but users define their quality conditions. This example is with the application of quartz sand in the production of water glass. Chemical composition as well is not always the determining factor for the application of quartz raw material. For example, for quartz sand used for sandblasting, grain form is essential. From the economic analysis point of view, the prices of quartz raw materials vary depending on their chemical and physical properties. After all, what needs to be pointed out is the fact that these raw materials are very widespread in nature and that their exploitation is quite simple. After the raw material is excavated, it is stored and further sieved, washed, dried and processed according to customer requirements. All of these processes are cheaper than preparing, for example, limestone, and significaly cheaper than preparation of metal ores.

scholarly journals Properties of Foamed Lightweight High-Performance Phosphogypsum-Based Ternary System Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girts Bumanis ◽  
Jelizaveta Zorica ◽  
Diana Bajare
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
And Performance

The potential of phosphogypsum (PG) as secondary raw material in construction industry is high if compared to other raw materials from the point of view of availability, total energy consumption, and CO2 emissions created during material processing. This work investigates a green hydraulic ternary system binder based on waste phosphogypsum (PG) for the development of sustainable high-performance construction materials. Moreover, a simple, reproducible, and low-cost manufacture is followed by reaching PG utilization up to 50 wt.% of the binder. Commercial gypsum plaster was used for comparison. High-performance binder was obtained and on a basis of it foamed lightweight material was developed. Low water-binder ratio mixture compositions were prepared. Binder paste, mortar, and foamed binder were used for sample preparation. Chemical, mineralogical composition and performance of the binder were evaluated. Results indicate that the used waste may be successfully employed to produce high-performance binder pastes and even mortars with a compression strength up to 90 MPa. With the use of foaming agent, lightweight (370–700 kg/m3) foam concrete was produced with a thermal conductivity from 0.086 to 0.153 W/mK. Water tightness (softening coefficient) of such foamed material was 0.5–0.64. Proposed approach represents a viable solution to reduce the environmental footprint associated with waste disposal.

A construction and demolition waste management model applied to social housing to trigger post-pandemic economic recovery in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110528
Author(s):  
Pilar Mercader-Moyano ◽  
Patricia Edith Camporeale ◽  
Jesús López-López
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Demolition Waste

Buildings consume 40% of raw material and primary energy and generate 35% of industrial waste worldwide, making this sector play a main role in raw material depletion, energy consumption and carbon emissions which provoke great environmental impact and worsen Global Warming. Latin American countries including Mexico have the world’s highest urbanisation rate (84%) but lack effective construction and demolition waste (CDW) management to thrive in regenerative sustainability, climate change mitigation and post-pandemic economic recovery. This work applies the Spanish current model to quantify on-site 61 Mexican social housing CDW with surveys to workers and supervisors as an additional source of data. The results of the case study show that social housing consumes 1.24 t.m−2 of raw materials and produces 0.083 t.m−2 of CDW. Cement-based, ceramic and mixed CDW represent 83.44% of total CDW. When considering inert soil as a recyclable resource, 78% of the remaining CDW ends in landfills and only 22% of it goes to recycling plants. The implementation of this methodology will deliver sustainable CDW management in Mexico, by minimising CDW production, promoting related legislation and allowing replacement of current construction materials for eco-efficient ones. Furthermore, these data can broaden the Spanish coefficients of the construction resources that become CDW to build an internationally sourced database.

scholarly journals Physicochemical, mineralogical and radiological properties of red mud samples as secondary raw materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Nenadovic ◽  
Gabor Mucsi ◽  
Ljiljana Kljajevic ◽  
Miljana Mirkovic ◽  
Milos Nenadovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity

The main goal of the presented research was the preliminary investigation of possibility of red mud - Hungarian dump sites Almasfuzito (sample A) and Ajka (sample B) - application as a pigment or as a raw material for use in the construction materials industry. Also, the aim of this work was the characterization of red mud as industrial waste generated by the Bayer process in the aluminum industry - which may cause environmental problems if appropriate treatment is not carried out. The main mineral phases of both red mud are hematite (Fe2O3), calcite (CaCO3), gibbsite (Al(OH)3) and they consists of particles of median particle size 2.1 mm (sample A) and 2.5 mm (sample B) and have a characteristic red color, which was the reason for its testing for use in the industry of building materials as a pigment for standard concrete mixtures. The radionuclides content in the samples was determined by gamma spectrometry, and the radiological hazards originating from 238U, 232Th, 40K in the samples, were assessed through the radium equivalent activity, and the external radiation hazard index. The absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose were calculated in accordance with the UNSCEAR 2010 report and the results are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Construction of affordable housing using local building materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
V. V. Tytok
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Cost

Trends in housing development should be based on the geographical location and climatic conditions of the region, national characteristics and culture, natural resources, transport links, density and living standards. Construction significantly affects the socio-economic development of the region. In this regard, increasing the sustainability of the regional construction complex, which is based on the building materials industry and the construction industry is a relevant and promising area of research.Demand in the building materials market continues to stimulate increased interest in the development of new types of efficient and inexpensive building materials. Since construction is one of the most material-intensive sectors of the economy, which consumes a large number of construction materials and products, various measures are taken to reduce their cost.In this regard, recently in the construction seek to make greater use of local building materials. This allows you to unload transport from long-distance transportation and significantly reduces the cost of construction. However, the building materials industry cannot develop by focusing only on natural sources of raw materials, as the costs of their extraction and processing are constantly growing. The use of man-made waste provides production with a rich source of cheap and often already prepared raw materials, which reduces the cost of manufacturing building materials.One of the promising areas in the construction of affordable housing is the maximum use of building materials and products that can be obtained from local raw materials and industrial waste. As local building materials are offered: clay, sand, soil, straw, reeds, flax. The use of industrial waste solves both environmental, fuel and energy problems and expands the raw material base of building materials.

scholarly journals The main ecological aspects of the complex processing of natural phosphate raw material

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Kochetkov S.P. ◽  
Bryl S.V.
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Phosphate Raw Material ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Decomposition

In the Russian Federation a unique phenomenon of nature as the reserves of phosphate raw materials and reserves of associated components are Apatite-nepheline ores of the Khibiny Deposit, located in the Central part of the Kola Peninsula. The main consumer of this raw material are the plants basic chemistry, processing of Apatite in a wet-process phosphoric acid sulfuric acid decomposition (the city of Cherepovets, Balakovo, the resurrection, etc.). This gives a dihydrate or hemihydrate wet-process phosphoric acid, and piecework output of dry phosphogypsum is 4 to 6 t per 1 t Apatite, depending on the ratio therein of CaO/P2O5 and the method of obtaining. The problem of disposing of chemical wastes are illustrated by various examples. Provides a conclusion on the feasibility of processing into fertilizer of phosphate raw materials, and scarce Apatite – to obtain construction materials. First developed a fundamentally new, environmentally friendly technology to produce phosphoric and complex fertilizers on the basis of wet mechanical activation of the phosphate. Methods have been pilot tested in the experimental shop at Moscow Production Association «Phosphate» (Voskresensk) using (0.3 t/h) and industry – to Estimate povorotniki (Aksai) (1.0 t/h) on the basis of vibrating mills. The implementation of methods obtained new types of fertilizers: granular and suspended mechanically activated phosphates and ammophosphate. It is concluded that from the point of view of environmental safety and economic feasibility of fertilizer phosphate should be recycled raw materials, and scarce Apatite should be directed to the production of construction materials oncooking phosphate with the simultaneous extraction and recovery of rare earth elements.

scholarly journals Construction Waste as a Resource in a Sustainable Built Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (08) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Martina Zbašnik-Senegačnik ◽  
Ljudmila Koprivec
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Key Factor

The built environment requires ever-increasing amounts of raw material resources and at the same time bears the responsibility for the resulting waste. Waste is generated throughout the life cycle. In the initial phases it is referred to as industrial waste, while during construction, reconstruction, and demolition it is called construction waste. Construction waste is most voluminous but it also has a great potential in circular economy that aims at the closed loop cycle where already used construction materials and components are recovered as raw materials. Sustainable building principles include four basic strategies, waste avoidance, construction materials and components re-use, continued use, and recycling. The possibility of construction waste treatment and its possible recovery in the building process depends on the type of prevailing materials that are contained in building elements as well as on detachability, separability and inseparability of structural joints and components. The architect plays a responsible role in decreasing the volume of construction waste as the conception of a building represents the key factor in sustainable construction waste management. Planning a construction with a good dismantling potential at the end of the building’s life cycle includes a number of factors such as the choice of building materials with a low environmental impact, the design of detachable composite materials and structures as well as the design of mono material structures. This article focuses on waste resulting from the built environment and discusses architectural concepts with a potential of reducing the volume of construction waste and its potential recovery as a construction resource.

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