ADDITIVITY OF CLOTHING CUES IN FIRST IMPRESSIONS

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharron J. Lennon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Theory Of Information

The theory of information integration was used to predict that in first impression situations, clothing/physical appearance cues, like adjective trait descriptions, have differential importance depending upon the type of judgment elicited. One hundred four college aged females viewed and responded to slides of colored line drawings of female stimulus persons. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data. In accord with the theory, it was predicted and found that a linear compilation of people's impressions of the stimulus person with one of the clothing/physical appearance cues together with people's impressions of the stimulus person with another of the clothing/physical appearance cues in every case significantly predicted (p < .001) people's impressions of the stimulus person with the two cues combined. Significance of th e research and avenues for future research are explored.

Effect of Sex, Inferred Sex-Role and Occupational Sex-Linkage on Perceptions of Occupational Success

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Sex Linkage ◽  
Occupational Success ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Male Subjects

In a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 (subject's sex, stimulus-person's sex, stimulus-person's sex-role as inferred from sex-related clothing, and stimulus-person's sex-linked occupation) complete factorial between-subjects experiment, 120 female and 120 male subjects viewed a slide of either a male or female stimulus-person wearing either masculine or feminine clothing. Stimulus persons were also said to be employed in either a masculine, feminine, or sex-neutral occupation. Subjects then recorded their first impressions of the stimulus-person on a person-perception questionnaire. Analysis indicated that persons wearing masculine clothing were perceived as more successful in their occupations than persons wearing feminine clothing for both the masculine and feminine (business) occupations. No differences were found for persons in the sex-neutral occupation. Additional analyses are discussed and conclusions drawn regarding the effect of clothing in sex-role stereotyping in first-impression situations.

Structure and Content of Gender Stereotypes: Effects of Somatic Appearance and Trait Information

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Multiple Component ◽  
Female Subjects

Two components of gender stereotypes were examined in order to determine their influence on judgments of gender-related characteristics. Male and female subjects were presented with photographs of female stimulus persons who differed in somatic appearance and were given information about traits. Subjects were asked to estimate the probability that the stimulus person possessed other gender-related traits and engaged in gender-related behaviors. Results provide support for a multiple-component construction of stereotypes, with physical appearance being the most potent component. An unfavorable image of low attractive women was also indicated.

Within-Person Variability in First Impressions From Faces

Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 030100662110197
Author(s):  
Taylor Gogan ◽  
Jennifer Beaudry ◽  
Julian Oldmeadow
Keyword(s):  
First Impressions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Image Variability ◽  
Relative Differences

Perceptions of an individual can change dramatically across different images of their face. Questions remain as to whether some traits are more sensitive to image variability than others. To investigate this issue, we constructed a database of 340 naturalistic images consisting of 20 photos of 17 individuals. In this preregistered study, 95 participants rated all 340 images on one of three traits: trustworthiness, dominance, or attractiveness. Across images, participants’ trustworthiness ratings tended to vary more than dominance, which in turn varied more than attractiveness; however, the relative differences between traits depended on the identity in question. Importantly, despite the variability in ratings within identities, there were substantial differences between individuals, suggesting that these trait judgements are based to some degree on relatively invariant facial characteristics. We found greater between-identity variability for attractiveness judgements compared to trustworthiness and dominance. Future research should further investigate the extent to which each trait dimension is tied to the identity of the faces.

Inferential Sets and Person Perception: A Partial Replication and Extension

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mc Call ◽  
Gordon Rae
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Partial Replication ◽  
Female Stimulus ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Male Stimulus ◽  
Adjective Pair ◽  
Two Independent Variables

203 female Ss read a short case-study and a group of related questions. They were then required to complete a 12 adjective-pair semantic differential indicating their dispositional judgments of the stimulus person in the narrative. Two independent variables were manipulated, the sex of the stimulus person and the group of questions asked. One group of questions was intended to induce a situation-matching set and the other a causal-genetic set. Ss in the situation-matching group rated the male stimulus person more hard ( p < .05), more bold ( p < .01), and less emotional ( p < .05) than Ss in the causal-genetic group. In the case of the female stimulus person Ss in the situation-matching group perceived her as more bold ( p < .05). Differences due to sex alone were found only for the situation-matching groups who perceived the female stimulus person as less hard ( p < .05) and less rugged ( p < .01) than the male.

scholarly journals Machiavellianism and Schadenfreude in Women’s Friendships

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Abell ◽  
Gayle Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Academic Abilities ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigated the relationship between Machiavellianism, envy, competition, and schadenfreude in women’s same-sex friendships. Women ( N = 133) completed an online questionnaire measuring Machiavellianism, envy, competition, and three author-generated vignettes measuring expressed schadenfreude in relation to a same-sex friend. Women with higher levels of Machiavellianism expressed greater feelings of pleasure in response to their same-sex friend’s misfortunes in a romantic relationship and their physical appearance but not in relation to academic abilities. Envy predicted feelings of schadenfreude in academic and romantic relationships while competition predicted feelings of schadenfreude in all three scenarios. Future research should explore how characteristics of the target and different forms of envy may influence responses to a friend’s misfortune in individuals with higher levels of Machiavellianism.

scholarly journals Relationship between Suicidal Ideation and Cognitive Distortion Among Undergraduates

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Tan Yao Xiong ◽  
Amalia Madihie ◽  
Jamayah Saili ◽  
Mohamad Azhari Abu Bakar ◽  
Rizal Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Distortion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Career Advice ◽  
The Relationship

Suicide has become a debilitating issue. Although it is a preventable condition but failure to understand the thinking pattern could significantly dampen the effort to avert it. Despite being an important issue, there is still a lack of study centralising into the thinking pattern when suicidal thoughts are mooted in. Due to this gap, this study was set to examine the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal ideation. Using purposive sampling 414 students whose were seeking career advice were recruited to participate in this study. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal ideation. Using multiple regression, the finding showed that out of 10 thinking patterns, overgeneralisation contributes the most to the suicidal thoughts. These findings will help professionals to understand better the nature of suicidal ideation and assist them in providing better services and alleviating its symptoms. This study also discussed the limitations and the directions for future research.

scholarly journals Marketing Implications of Information Processing: Literature Review and Directions for Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Ruchika Sachdeva
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Processing Styles ◽  
Marketing Managers ◽  
Indian Consumers ◽  
Theory Of Information ◽  
Indian Consumer ◽  
Research Propositions

Information processing is a series of activities by which stimuli are perceived, transformed into information, and stored (Best et al., 2003). The theory of information processing is becoming increasingly popular in today’s information rich environments. Surprisingly, in literature there is little research and discussion on the marketing implications of information processing. The present study tries to explore the various studies related to the importance of information processing. The study highlights the marketing implications of information processing on Indian consumer. The objective of this study is to help the marketing managers understand the Indian consumers processing of information. Knowing and analyzing the information processing styles of the target consumers based on the important variables studied in this research, will help marketers design and place their marketing programs most effectively. Based on the literature review the paper proposes few research propositions in understanding of marketing implications of information processing.

scholarly journals The Perfect Storm: A Developmental–Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls’ Body Image Concerns and Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Choukas-Bradley ◽  
Savannah Roberts ◽  
Anne J. Maheux ◽  
Jacqueline Nesi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Image Concerns ◽  
Perfect Storm

In this theoretical review paper, we provide a developmental–sociocultural framework for the role of social media (SM) in contributing to adolescent girls’ body image concerns, and in turn, depressive symptoms and disordered eating. We propose that the features of SM (e.g., idealized images of peers, quantifiable feedback) intersect with adolescent developmental factors (e.g., salience of peer relationships) and sociocultural gender socialization processes (e.g., societal over-emphasis on girls’ and women’s physical appearance) to create the “perfect storm” for exacerbating girls’ body image concerns. We argue that, ultimately, body image concerns may be a key mechanism underlying associations between adolescent girls’ SM use and mental health. In the context of proposing this framework, we provide empirical evidence for how SM may increase adolescent girls’ body image concerns through heightening their focus on: (1) other people’s physical appearance (e.g., through exposure to idealized images of peers, celebrities, and SM influencers; quantifiable indicators of approval); and (2) their own appearance (e.g., through appearance-related SM consciousness; exposure to one’s own image; encouraging over-valuing of appearance; and peer approval of photos/videos). Our framework highlights new avenues for future research on adolescent girls’ SM use and mental health, which recognize the central role of body image.

scholarly journals The Influence of Entrepreneurial Supports on Business Performance among Rural Entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Md Lazim Mohd Zin ◽  
Hadziroh Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurship Training ◽  
Business Networking ◽  
The Relationship

The present study attempts to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between the four facets of entrepreneurial supports and rural entrepreneurs business performance. The entrepreneurial supports considered in the study are entrepreneurship training, marketing support, business networking, and financial support. A survey among 183 rural entrepreneurs was carried out. Self-reported measures were used to obtain data pertaining to government entrepreneurial initiatives and rural entrepreneurs’ business performance. The multiple regression analysis was used to ascertain the proposed relationships and it was found that all entrepreneurial initiatives such as entrepreneurship training, marketing support, business networking and financial support were significantly related to business performance. Discussion on the findings is highlighted, so as the implications for practice and future research. Towards the end, the paper also highlights limitations of the study that could be taken into consideration by future scholars for further empirical enrichment.

scholarly journals ANALISIS RAGAM GAYA SELINGKUNG PADA ARTIKEL JURNAL DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arum Puspa Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
System Organization ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Numbering System ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Three Components

AbstractThe article is a paper that aims to convey ideas about an event or fact in which there are benefits in the field of education. In addition, the purpose of the article is to convince the reader and entertain the reader through the facts presented. Writing articles that go through the process of research and fact-finding new facts called journals. The journal has a different format depending on the characteristics that have been set. This is called the selingkung style. Selingkung style is one of the personality traits and identity of a periodic work. This style grows and develops in a span of time and becomes mature after its stability establishes itself. From this experience and reality it appears that the selingkung style is dynamic. Making journal articles, of course, must pay attention to the style of the journal. There are three components that determine the periodic style of a period, namely the appearance and format, the writing pattern, and the depth and detail of the presentation. Periodic facial stability (size, color, decoration, content, and cover layout) for each publication are the first impressions that people observe. The format and layout of the page, type and size of letters, numbering system, organization or arrangement of script content, type of paper, and physical appearance factors are the benchmarks of accuracy of the editors to maintain the stability of their style.

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