MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED DYSFUNCTION RATINGS OF PERSONALITY DISORDER SYMPTOMS

Dysfunction in personality disorder symptoms was assessed using multivariate techniques to analyse lay judges' (N = 216) ratings of occupational impairment, social impairment, and personal distress. Factor analysis revealed that ratings of occupational impairment and social impairment loaded onto distinct factors. Personal distress ratings loaded onto two separate factors: high distress and low distress. Multidimensional scaling revealed two dimensions for overall dysfunction among personality disorders: severity of dysfunction and internalization-externalization. The dimensions were independence-dependence and severity of dysfunction for occupational impairment, interpersonal involvement and dominance-submission for social impairment, and internalization-externalization and severity for personal distress.

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Multivariate Analysis: Data Reduction and Treatment Evaluation

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.128.4.404 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 128 (4) ◽

pp. 404-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Allan Wilson

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Classification of Personality Disorder

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.135.2.163 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 135 (2) ◽

pp. 163-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 196

Author(s):

Peter Tyrer ◽

John Alexander

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Interview Schedule ◽

Personality Variables ◽

Current Classification ◽

Personality Disordered

SummaryAn interview schedule was used to record the personality traits of 130 psychiatric patients, 65 with a primary clinical diagnosis of personality disorder and 65 with other diagnoses. The results were analysed by factor analysis and three types of cluster analysis. Factor analysis showed a similar structure of personality variables in both groups of patients, supporting the notion that personality disorders differ only in degree from the personalities of other psychiatric patients. Cluster analysis revealed five discrete categories; sociopathic, passive-dependent, anankastic, schizoid and a non-personality-disordered group. Of all the personality-disordered patients 63 per cent fell into the passive-dependent or sociopathic category. The results suggest that the current classification of personality disorder could be simplified.

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Self-report assessment of the DSM-IV personality disorders. Measurement of trait and distress characteristics: the ADP-IV

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291798007041 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 1179-1188 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

C. K. W. SCHOTTE ◽

D. de DONCKER ◽

C. VANKERCKHOVEN ◽

H. VERTOMMEN ◽

P. COSYNS

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Alternative Assessment ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Self Report ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Item Level ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Scoring Algorithms

Background. Self-report instruments assessing the DSM personality disorders are characterized by overdiagnosis due to their emphasis on the measurement of personality traits rather than the impairment and distress associated with the criteria.Methods. The ADP-IV, a Dutch questionnaire, introduces an alternative assessment method: each test item assesses ‘Trait’ as well as ‘Distress/impairment’ characteristics of a DSM-IV criterion. This item format allows dimensional as well as categorical diagnostic evaluations. The present study explores the validity of the ADP-IV in a sample of 659 subjects of the Flemish population.Results. The dimensional personality disorder subscales, measuring Trait characteristics, are internally consistent and display a good concurrent validity with the Wisconsin Personality Disorders Inventory. Factor analysis at the item-level resulted in 11 orthogonal factors, describing personality dimensions such as psychopathy, social anxiety and avoidance, negative affect and self-image. Factor analysis at the subscale-level identified two basic dimensions, reflecting hostile (DSM-IV Cluster B) and anxious (DSM-IV Cluster C) interpersonal attitudes. Categorical ADP-IV diagnoses are obtained using scoring algorithms, which emphasize the Trait or the Distress concepts in the diagnostic evaluation. Prevalences of ADP-IV diagnoses of any personality disorder according to these algorithms vary between 2·28 and 20·64%.Conclusions. Although further research in clinical samples is required, the present results support the validity of the ADP-IV and the potential of the measurement of trait and distress characteristics as a method for assessing personality pathology.

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Assessing mentalization in psychotherapy: first validation of the Mentalization Imbalances Scale

Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome ◽

10.4081/ripppo.2018.339 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Giulia Gagliardini ◽

Salvatore Gullo ◽

Edgardo Caverzasi ◽

Annalisa Boldrini ◽

Stefano Blasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

National Sample ◽

Personality Pathology ◽

Valid Measure ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Assessment Measure ◽

Preliminary Validation

The aim of this study was to provide data on the preliminary validation of a clinician-report multidimensional assessment measure of mentalization (Mentalization Imbalances Scale, MIS). A random national sample of psychotherapists (N=190) completed the MIS to identify mentalization imbalances, and the Personality Disorder Checklist to assess the personality disorders (PDs) of randomly selected patients currently in their care. Factor analysis confirmed the presence of six factors that represented different imbalances of mentalization: cognitive, affective, automatic, external, imbalance toward others, and imbalance toward self. We found several significant relationships between patients’ mentalization imbalances and personality pathology. Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal PDs were predicted by an imbalance toward self, an imbalance the patients shared with histrionic, avoidant, and obsessive compulsive PDs, whereas dependent, borderline, and histrionic PDs were related to an imbalance toward others. Cognitive imbalance was related to schizoid, narcissistic, and obsessive compulsive PDs, whereas affective imbalance predicted antisocial, borderline, narcissistic and histrionic PDs. Automatic imbalance was related to schizotypal, antisocial, and borderline PDs. MIS represents a reliable and valid measure that can help clinicians at understanding patients’ specific difficulties of mentalization.

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Analysis of Moods in Personality Disorders

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1970.27.2.187 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 187-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Helmut Hoffmann ◽

David Peterson

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Social Desirability ◽

Psychiatric Inpatients ◽

Acting Out ◽

Response Set ◽

History Of ◽

Observer Ratings

95 psychiatric inpatients with the diagnosis of personality disorder and a history of acting-out behavior were rated by 3 observers on 52 mood items. A factor analysis resulted in 10 factors, 8 of which were interpreted as Friendliness—Hostility, Guilt, Activity, Fatigue, Efficiency, Depression, Confusion, Tension-anxiety. When these observer ratings were compared with self-ratings most differences appeared on the first factor, which suggests the presence of a social desirability response set. Contrary to popular conceptions of personality disorders a population with this diagnosis was rated high on Friendliness and relatively low on Hostility. However, absence of Guilt was confirmed.

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MCMI-III Personality Disorders, Traits, and Profiles in Adult ADHD Outpatients

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054718780319 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 830-839

Author(s):

Francesco Oliva ◽

Chiara Mangiapane ◽

Gabriele Nibbio ◽

Alberto Portigliatti Pomeri ◽

Giuseppe Maina

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Self Report ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory ◽

High Prevalence

Objective: To assess prevalence of personality traits and disorders according to Millon’s evolution-based model and to identify the most representative personality profiles among adult ADHD outpatients. Method: Personality traits and disorders were evaluated using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III (MCMI-III) and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in a consecutive sample of adult ADHD outpatients ( N = 70) diagnosed by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale–version 1.1 (ASRS-v1.1) and the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2.0). Results: More than half of our sample (57.1%) showed at least one personality disorder (PD). The most prevalent PDs were paranoid, schizotypal and negativistic (18.6% for all three PDs), depressive (17.1%), and sadistic (11.4%). No patient had a borderline PD. The EFA identified three personality profiles (“sadistic-antisocial-negativistic,” “masochistic-depressive-dependent-avoidant,” and “antihistrionic-schizoid”). Conclusion: High prevalence of PDs among adult ADHD patients was confirmed. The personality profiles seemed to reflect the persistence of ADHD and related childhood comorbidities in adulthood.

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Personality Disorders as Emergent Interpersonal Syndromes: Psychopathic Personality as a Case Example

Journal of Personality Disorders ◽

10.1521/pedi.2019.33.5.577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 577-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Scott O. Lilienfeld ◽

Ashley L. Watts ◽

Brett Murphy ◽

Thomas H. Costello ◽

Shauna M. Bowes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Social Impairment ◽

Psychopathic Personality ◽

Personality Dimensions ◽

Clinical Scales ◽

Statistical Interactions ◽

Theory Research ◽

Preliminary Support

Personality disorders have long been bedeviled by a host of conceptual and methodological quandaries. Starting from the assumption that personality disorders are inherently interpersonal conditions that reflect folk concepts of social impairment, the authors contend that a subset of personality disorders, rather than traditional syndromes, are emergent interpersonal syndromes (EISs): interpersonally malignant configurations (statistical interactions) of distinct personality dimensions that may be only modestly, weakly, or even negatively correlated. Preliminary support for this perspective derives from a surprising source, namely, largely forgotten research on the intercorrelations among the subscales of select MMPI/MMPI-2 clinical scales. Using psychopathic personality as a case example, the authors offer provisional evidence for the EIS hypothesis from four lines of research and delineate its implications for personality disorder theory, research, and classification. Conceptualizing some personality disorders as EISs elucidates long-standing quandaries and controversies in the psychopathology literature and affords fruitful avenues for future investigation.

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Demographic, Personality Trait and Personality Disorder Correlates of Aesthetic Motivation

Imagination Cognition and Personality ◽

10.1177/0276236620942917 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 027623662094291

Author(s):

Adrian Furnham

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Personality Trait ◽

Higher Order ◽

Openness To Experience ◽

Factor Level ◽

Future Directions

This study looked at personality and sub-clinical personality disorder correlates of self-rated motives for aesthetic motivation (AM). Two groups, totalling over 4000 adult British managers, completed three tests including a personality trait measure (HPI); a personality disorders measure (HDS), and a measure of their Motives and Values (MVPI) for Aestheticism and Culture. The two different groups had similar results, showing that for personality traits Inquisitiveness (Openness-to-Experience) and Sociability (Extraversion) were positively, and Adjustment (low Neuroticism) and Prudence (Conscientiousness) were negatively, related to AM. For personality disorder traits Imaginativeness (Schizotypy) and Colourful (Histrionic) were positively correlated with AM. Factor analysis confirmed the higher order classification of both traits and disorders. Regressions at the higher factor level suggested personality traits were more related to AM than disorder traits. Implications for the selection and management of aesthetic people are considered. Limitations and future directions are also noted.

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When, Where and How: The Use of Multidimensional Scaling Methods in the Study of Negotiation and Social Conflict

International Negotiation ◽

10.1163/1571806054741056 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 79-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Michele Gelfand ◽

Lili Duan ◽

Robin Pinkley

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Multidimensional Scaling ◽

Computer Analysis ◽

Spatial Representation ◽

Social Conflict ◽

Future Research ◽

Multivariate Techniques ◽

Proximity Data ◽

Scaling Methods ◽

Negotiation Literature

AbstractMDS (multidimensional scaling) is a technique that enables researchers to uncover the spatial representation or "hidden structure" that underlies and defines behavioral data – such as negotiator or disputant perceptions and preferences. Although MDS has wide-ranging theoretical and applied appeal, it has been highly underutilized in the conflict and negotiation literature. In this paper, we seek to illustrate the promise that MDS offers in the study of conflict and negotiation. We begin with a discussion of how MDS can be differentiated from other multivariate techniques, such as factor analysis. Next we provide a brief overview of multidimensional scaling techniques – highlighting the various methods available for collecting proximity data and the computer analysis programs that can be used to analyze them. We further review the nature of the results and the ways in which they are interpreted. We conclude with some examples of the types of questions that have been addressed using MDS in the conflict and negotiation literature and a discussion about the promise this technique has for future research.

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Countertransference feelings and personality disorders: A psychometric evaluation of a brief version of the Feeling Word Checklist (FWC-12)

10.21203/rs.2.17558/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Randi Breivik ◽

Theresa Wilberg ◽

Julie Evensen ◽

Jan Ivar Røssberg ◽

Hanne Sofie Dahl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Self Report ◽

Personality Pathology ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Working Alliance Inventory ◽

Dsm Iv

Abstract Background The Feeling Word Checklist (FWC) is a self-report questionnaire designed to measure therapists’ countertransference (CT) feelings. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a brief version of the Feeling Word Checklist comprising twelve feeling words (FWC-12). The second aim was to validate the factor structure by examining the associations between the FWC-12 factors, patients’ personality pathology and therapeutic alliance (TA). Methods Therapists at 13 different outpatient units within the Norwegian Network of Personality Disorders completed the FWC-12 every 6 months during the course of treating a patient with a personality disorder (PD), over a period of up to 2.5 years. A large sample of patients with personality pathology participated in the study. The data were analysed with exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV – Axis II (SCID II) and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) were used as diagnostic instruments, and patient-rated TA was assessed using the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI-SR). Results Factor analyses revealed three clinically meaningful factors: Inadequate, Idealised and Confident. These factors had acceptable psychometric properties. Most notably, a number of borderline PD criteria correlated positively with the factors Inadequate and Idealised, and negatively with the factor Confident. All the factors correlated significantly with at least one of the WAI-SR subscales. Conclusions The FWC-12 measures three clinically meaningful aspects of therapists’ CT feelings. This brief version of the FWC seems satisfactory for use in further research and in clinical contexts. Keywords: Countertransference, Feeling Word Checklist, factor analysis, personality disorder, psychometrics

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