Sensorimotor therapy: Physical and psychological regressions contribute to an improved kinesthetic and vestibular capacity in children and adolescents with motor difficulties and concentration problems

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Niklasson ◽  
Irene Niklasson ◽  
Torsten Norlander

Our aim was to gain increased understanding of the effects of sensorimotor therapy on the physical and psychological development of children and young people when using the method Retraining for Balance. The records of 8 children who had completed the program were randomly selected from a cohort of 232 with sensorimotor difficulties and concentration problems. The participants, 7 boys and 1 girl, averaged 9 years of age. The Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method (the EPP-method, Gunmar Karlsson, 1995) was used for this analysis, which resulted in 29 categories which yielded 3 overarching themes: a) the introduction of sensorimotor exercises, b) regression to earlier sensorimotor and psychological behaviors, and c) transformations in which the sensorimotor and psychological skills of the children matured and developed. The themes formed the kinesthetic-vestibular developmental model illustrating how sensorimotor exercises push the therapy process forward while recurrent regressions are followed by positive developmental phases. The results of the study were generalized to the remaining 224 children in the cohort by comparing each individual's records to the kinesthetic-vestibular model.

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 00049
Author(s):  
E.G. Shubnikova

The spread of addictive behavior among minors continues to be a dangerous trend about children and young people. Therefore, one of the most important areas of pedagogical activity is the prevention of addictions in educational organizations, as well as the training of pedagogical university students for being able to prevent addictions in children and adolescents. The study considers the structure of pedagogical university students’ readiness for the prevention of addictions in the educational environment, relying on a competence-based approach. We have proposed a characteristic of the model for assessing the competence of future teachers in the prevention of addictive behavior in children and young people. We considered the content of the training of future teachers for the prevention of addictive behavior based on the study of preventive pedagogy, and analyzed the main approaches to the prevention of addictive behavior in the educational environment. We presented the results of an experimental study and revealed the effectiveness of the training of pedagogical university students for preventive activities with adolescents.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Rossella Raimondo Raimondo ◽  
Carlotta Gentili

Starting from a historical reconstruction of the presence of minors within Italian and European psychiatric hospitals and on the evolution of the methods of treatment and re-education of children and young people with mental and intellectual disabilities between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this article proposes an analysis of the documents kept at the archive of the Gian Franco Minguzzi Institution, with particular reference to those that certify the presence of children and adolescents, up to 15 years old, hospitalized in the Bologna’s asylum over a very long period of time, ranging from 1811 to 1950. Here the peculiar and innovative characteristics of the Bologna’s institution, the diagnoses made there and the trajectories of the minors involved are examined.


Author(s):  
Thaís De Freitas Bezerra ◽  
Vera Lucia Vieira de Souza

A Realidade Virtual - RV caracteriza-se como tecnologia tridimensional baseada em simulações virtuais para promover a interação do usuário com o jogo por meio de dispositivos associados ou não à utilização de controles remotos. Na reabilitação neurológica infanto-juvenil, a RV é utilizada por diversos profissionais, especialmente os terapeutas ocupacionais, com finalidade de desenvolver habilidades necessárias para a participação do indivíduo nas atividades do cotidiano. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar em que circunstâncias e de que forma os terapeutas ocupacionais brasileiros fazem uso da Realidade Virtual como um recurso terapêutico na reabilitação neurológica infanto-juvenil. Usou-se metodologia quali-quantitativa, por meio de um questionário online respondido por profissionais que atuavam na área no país. Nos resultados e discussão observou-se a participação de profissionais jovens do sexo feminino, predominantemente atuantes na região sudeste do país com uma população de crianças e jovens entre sete e dezoito anos com paralisia cerebral, especialmente. Foram apontados pelos participantes desse estudo, diversos objetivos e vantagens do uso da Realidade Virtual na reabilitação, demonstrando a versatilidade deste recurso. Porém algumas dificuldades foram sinalizadas, tais como, a adaptação dos dispositivos, a implantação do recurso nas instituições de reabilitação, o alto custo do recurso e a dificuldade de escolha dos jogos adequados. Concluiu-se que a Realidade Virtual é um potente recurso para a Terapia Ocupacional na reabilitação de crianças e jovens com injúrias neurológicas e é necessária maior divulgação nas instituições, capacitação de profissionais, estudos e publicação na área.AbstractVirtual Reality - VR is characterized as three-dimensional technology based on virtual simulations to promote user interaction with the game through devices associated or not with the use of remote controls. In the neurological rehabilitation of children and adolescents, VR is used by several professionals, especially occupational therapists, with the purpose of developing skills necessary for the individual's participation in everyday activities. The present study aimed to identify under what circumstances and in what way Brazilian occupational therapists make use of Virtual Reality as a therapeutic resource in the neurological rehabilitation of children and adolescents. A qualitative-quantitative methodology was used, through an online questionnaire answered by professionals who worked in the area in the country. In the results and discussion we observed the participation of young female professionals, predominantly active in the southeast region of the country with a population of children and young people between seven and eighteen years old with cerebral palsy, especially. It was pointed out by the participants of this study, several objectives and advantages of the use of Virtual Reality in rehabilitation, demonstrating the versatility of this resource. However, some difficulties were signaled, such as the adaptation of the devices, the implantation of the resource in the rehabilitation institutions, the high cost of the resource and the difficulty of choosing the appropriate games. It was concluded that Virtual Reality is a potent resource for Occupational Therapy in the rehabilitation of children and young people with neurological injuries and greater dissemination in institutions, professional qualification, studies and publication in the area is required.Keywords: Adolescent; Child; Neurological; Rehabilitation; Virtual Reality; Occupational Therapy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 165-188
Author(s):  
Concepción Regalado Rodríguez

RESUMEN En los ultimos años, niños y adolescentes han aprendido tempranamente el manejo de los equipos electrónicos; sin embargo, aunque han adquirido habilidades digitales, ignoran los peligros que su uso implica. El presente trabajo se propone identificar los principales peligros digitales que enfrentan los menores al navegar libremente en Internet, y el alcance de la protección legal disponible en México. Para tal efecto se identifica el uso de internet entre niños y adolescentes; se detectan los principales peligros digitales, y el alcance de la protección legal disponible en México y en el mundo. Las dimensiones que caracteriza este problema conlleva a considerar que los esfuerzos nacionales son insuficientes si los delitos informáticos no se resuelven en un marco internacional. ABSTRACTThe internet is, after television, the means of communication that has the greatest influence on children and young people. In recent years, children and adolescents have learned early how to use electronic equipment; however, although they have acquired digital skills, they are unaware of the dangers that their use implies. This work aims to identify the main digital dangers that minors face when freely browsing the Internet, and the scope of legal protection available in Mexico. For this purpose, the use of the internet among children and adolescents is identified; the main digital dangers are detected, and the scope of legal protection available in Mexico and in the world. The dimensions that characterize this problem lead to consider that national efforts are insufficient if cybercrime is not solved in an international framework.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
MD. Abu Bashar ◽  
Imran Ahmed Khan

The clinical impact of the new SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1·1.7 on children and young people (aged 18 years or younger) regarding acute respiratory COVID-19 is yet to be fully defined. Media reports of increases in admissions to hospital and more serious illness in children and young people have resulted in public confusion and implicated the B.1.1.7 variant as a more pathogenic infection within this group.


Author(s):  
Russell M Viner ◽  
Oliver T Mytton ◽  
Chris Bonell ◽  
G.J. Melendez-Torres ◽  
Joseph L Ward ◽  
...  

Importance The degree to which children and young people are infected by and transmit the SARS-CoV-2 virus is unclear. The role of children and young people in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on susceptibility, symptoms, viral load, social contact patterns and behaviour. Objective We undertook a rapid systematic review to address the question What is the susceptibility to and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by children and adolescents compared with adults? Data sources We searched PubMed and medRxiv up to 28 July 2020 and identified 13,926 studies, with additional studies identified through handsearching of cited references and professional contacts. Study Selection We included studies which provided data on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and young people ( <20 years) compared with adults derived from contact-tracing or population-screening. We excluded single household studies. Data extraction and Synthesis We followed PRISMA guidelines for abstracting data, independently by 2 reviewers. Quality was assessed using a critical appraisal checklist for prevalence studies. Random effects meta-analysis was undertaken. Main Outcomes Secondary infection rate (contact-tracing studies) or prevalence or seroprevalence (population-screening studies) amongst children and young people compared with adults. Results 32 studies met inclusion criteria; 18 contact-tracing and 14 population-screening. The pooled odds ratio of being an infected contact in children compared with adults was 0.56 (0.37, 0.85) with substantial heterogeneity (95%). Three school contact tracing studies found minimal transmission by child or teacher index cases. Findings from population-screening studies were heterogenous and were not suitable for meta-analysis. The majority of studies were consistent with lower seroprevalence in children compared with adults, although seroprevalence in adolescents appeared similar to adults. Conclusions There is preliminary evidence that children and young people have lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, with a 43% lower odds of being an infected contact. There is weak evidence that children and young people play a lesser role in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at a population level. Our study provides no information on the infectivity of children.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Stern ◽  
Eduardo Arias de la Garza ◽  
María Teresa García-Romero ◽  
Martin Lajous

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate COVID-19 and pre-pandemic low respiratory infection (LRI) mortality in children and young people in Mexico.Material and methodsWe estimated the percentage of total mortality attributable to COVID-19 (95% confidence intervals; 95%CI) and corresponding estimates for pre-pandemic LRI mortality.ResultsIn 2019, LRIs represented 8.6% (95%CI 8.3, 8.9) of deaths in children 0-9 years and 2.0% (95%CI 1.8, 2.3) in those aged 10-19 years. In 2020, corresponding estimates for COVID-19 were 4.4% (95%CI 4.1, 4.6) and 3.7% (95%CI 3.4, 4.1).ConclusionsRelative to LRI, COVID-19 may be exerting considerable mortality burden, particularly in older children and adolescents.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
Sophie Brinsmead

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the accessibility of Apple’s iPad. The discussion focusses on the accessibility of this technology to children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP), reviewing a range of literature. Terms including “inclusion” are debated alongside the practicalities associated with implementing assistive technologies in educational settings. The benefits of technology for those with CP are explored, with examples including augmentative and alternative communication systems. The current suitability of the iPad for children and young people with CP is discussed, alongside ways in which eye-gaze technology may be employed to increase inclusivity. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides a consideration of multiple methods for evaluating the inclusivity of mainstream technologies. It is contended that the universal design for learning (UDL) principles are likely to be the most appropriate, due to their applicability to educational settings. Furthermore, the UDL principles acknowledge the heterogeneity of those with CP, and this is suggested to be useful due to its ability to be integrated alongside some of the principles of assistive technology. Findings The discussion contends that Apple’s iPad may be redesigned in order to meet the needs of users with CP. Eye-gaze technology is suggested as one way to include this group of users, due to the altered interface interaction. Despite some challenges with the eye-gaze technology, the paper suggests that this alteration to the iPad may result in increased accessibility not only for those with CP, but also others with fine motor difficulties. It is concluded that the integration of eye-gaze technology with Apple’s iPad may be a potential avenue for future investigation. Practical implications By altering the interface interaction on Apple’s iPad, the device may be more accessible to users with fine motor difficulties, such as those with CP. It is suggested that the paper may inspire future research concerning the practicalities of integrating eye-gaze technology on a small, portable device. Social implications Those who are of lower socioeconomic status are less likely to have access to assistive technologies; the cost of Apple’s devices is relatively higher than those produced by other technology companies, confining their availability to wealthier consumers. This may also lead to a divide in inclusive technical capital (Hayhoe, 2015), whereby wealthier users may have an increased potential to access inclusive assistive technologies and thus increase their capital. Originality/value The paper integrates a discussion of the UDL principles with their application to both assistive technologies and educational settings. It is speculated that this paper may be valuable to those researching in the field of assistive technologies, who may build upon the present discussion with a research study. It is also anticipated that the consideration of the use of the iPad for children and young people with CP may be of use to those working in education who wish to integrate technology into the education of those with a range of special educational needs.


BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e034532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Mette Eidet ◽  
Astrid Dahlgren ◽  
Mari Elvsåshagen

ObjectivesTo describe the results of a mapping review exploring the coverage of unwanted treatment effects in systematic reviews of the effects of various treatments for moderate to severe depression in children and adolescents.SettingAny context or service providing treatment for depression, including interventions delivered in local communities and school settings, as well as services provided in primary or specialist care.ParticipantsChildren and young people with moderate to severe depression (<18 years).InterventionsSystematic reviews published in 2011 or later comparing the effects of any treatment for children and adolescents with moderate to severe depression meeting the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects criteria. The systematic search was performed in April 2018 and updated in December 2018.Primary outcomesAny unwanted effects of treatments as defined in the systematic review.ResultsWe included 10 systematic reviews covering 19 treatment comparisons. Unwanted effects were assessed for seven of 19. Three comparisons were evaluations of pharmaceutical interventions or combination therapy, reporting effects on ‘suicidal ideation’ and ‘suicide risk’. Two included therapy, reporting ‘self-harm’, and ‘suicidal ideation’, and two comparisons included transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroconvulsive treatment. Unwanted effects evaluated for these treatments were mostly symptoms of physical discomfort such as headache or cramps. For the remaining treatment comparisons evaluating psychological and psychosocial therapies, unwanted effects were not evaluated or found. A limitation of overviews of systematic reviews such as this mapping study is that data extraction is done based on the reporting of results by the review authors and not on the primary studies.ConclusionThe unwanted effects of widely used treatments for children and young people with depression is unknown. This is a major barrier for evidence informed decision making about treatment choices for children and young people. We suggest that unwanted effects should be a reporting standard in all protocols describing evaluations of treatments, including primary studies as well as systematic reviews.


Author(s):  
Yasmin Marçal Porto ◽  
Beatriz Rocha Moura ◽  
Flávia Liberman

Introdução: A atividade é conhecida como ferramenta potente de ação da terapia ocupacional ligada ao lúdico, ao corpo, às artes, ao cuidado com o cotidiano e a produção cultural. O Instituto Camará Calunga, responsável pela coordenação do Bloco EURECA propõe atividades na perspectiva de promover e defender os direitos das crianças e adolescentes no município de São Vicente. Objetivo: investigar os processos de invisibilização e visibilização presentes no cotidiano das infâncias e juventudes a partir da experiência do bloco carnavalesco EURECA. Método: Foi realizada observação participante durante o processo de formação do EURECA, elaboração de diários de campo, além de uma entrevista semi-estruturada com um dos participantes do bloco. Resultados e Discussão: O campo de pesquisa possibilitou olhar para os eixos interseccionais de opressão que atravessam o cotidiano das crianças e jovens que compõem o bloco carnavalesco, assim como reconhecer a potência dessa experiência para expressão e luta pelos direitos das crianças e adolescentes. Por meio de uma luta lúdica, crianças e jovens ocupam as ruas da orla de São Vicente, mostrando que a “quebrada tá presente”, mobilizando a população pelo reconhecimento de seus direitos. Considerações Finais: Percebe-se o EURECA como ação artística e cultural potente de luta e resistência diante das impotências geradas por um sistema discriminatório de opressão e ocultadas no cotidiano das crianças e adolescentes. Em todo o processo e apresentação do bloco no espaço público, fica evidente o protagonismo das crianças e jovens como sujeitos políticos e multiplicadores de práticas emancipatórias, tal como proposto pelo bloco. Palavras-Chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Direitos Humanos. Criança. Adolescente. Arte  AbstractIntroduction: The activity is known as a potent action tool for occupational therapy linked to playfulness, the body, the arts, daily care and cultural production. The Camará Calunga Institute, responsible for coordinating the EURECA Block - “I recognize the Statute of Children and Adolescents” proposes activities with a view to promoting and defending the rights of children and adolescents in the municipality of São Vicente. Objective: to investigate the processes of invisibility and visibility presents in the daily lives of children and youths from the experience of the EURECA carnival block. Method: Participant observation was carried out during the formation process of EURECA, preparation of field diaries, in addition to a semi-structured interview with one of the participants in the block. Results and Discussion: The research field made it possible to look at the intersectional axes of oppression crossing the daily lives of children and young people who make up the carnival block, as to recognize the power of this experience for expression and struggle for the rights of children and adolescents. Through a playful struggle, children and young people occupy the streets on the edge of São Vicente, showing that the “Quebrada is present'' and mobilizing the collective to recognize their rights. Final Considerations: EURECA is perceived as a potent artistic and cultural action of struggle and resistance in the face of impotences generated by a discriminatory system of oppression and hidden in the daily lives of children and adolescents. In the whole process and presentation of the bloc in the public space, the role of children and young people as political subjects and multipliers of emancipatory practices is evident, as proposed by EURECA. Keywords: Occupational Therapy. Human Rights. Child. Adolescent. Art ResumenIntroducción: La actividad es conocida como una potente herramienta de acción para la terapia ocupacional vinculada al juego, el cuerpo, las artes, el cuidado diario y la producción cultural El Instituto Camará Calunga, encargado de coordinar el Bloque EURECA - “Reconozco el Estatuto de Niñez y Adolescencia” propone actividades con miras a promover y defender los derechos de la niñez y adolescencia en el municipio de São Vicente. Objetivo: investigar los procesos de invisibilidad y visibilidad presentes en la vida cotidiana de niños y jóvenes a partir de la experiencia del bloque de carnaval EURECA. Método: Se realizó observación participante durante el proceso de formación de EURECA, elaboración de diarios de campo y entrevista semiestructurada con uno de los participantes del bloque. Resultados y Discusión: El campo de investigación permitió ver los ejes transversales de opresión que atraviesan la vida cotidiana de los niños y jóvenes que componen el bloque carnavalero, así como el poder de esta experiencia para la expresión y lucha por los derechos de la niñez y la adolescencia. A través de una lucha lúdica, los niños y jóvenes ocupan las calles en el borde de São Vicente, mostrando que la “Quebrada está presente” y movilizando al colectivo para reconocer sus derechos. Consideraciones finales: EURECA se percibe como una potente acción artística y cultural de lucha y resistencia frente a las impotencias generadas por un sistema discriminatorio de opresión y ocultas en la vida cotidiana de niños, niñas y adolescentes. En todo el proceso y presentación del bloque en el espacio público se evidencia el papel de la niñez y la juventud como sujetos políticos y multiplicadores de prácticas emancipadoras, como propone EURECA.Palabras Clave: Terapia Ocupacional. Derechos Humanos. Niño. Adolescente. Arte 


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