scholarly journals Structure of readiness of pedagogical university students for prevention of addictive behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 00049
Author(s):  
E.G. Shubnikova

The spread of addictive behavior among minors continues to be a dangerous trend about children and young people. Therefore, one of the most important areas of pedagogical activity is the prevention of addictions in educational organizations, as well as the training of pedagogical university students for being able to prevent addictions in children and adolescents. The study considers the structure of pedagogical university students’ readiness for the prevention of addictions in the educational environment, relying on a competence-based approach. We have proposed a characteristic of the model for assessing the competence of future teachers in the prevention of addictive behavior in children and young people. We considered the content of the training of future teachers for the prevention of addictive behavior based on the study of preventive pedagogy, and analyzed the main approaches to the prevention of addictive behavior in the educational environment. We presented the results of an experimental study and revealed the effectiveness of the training of pedagogical university students for preventive activities with adolescents.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Rossella Raimondo Raimondo ◽  
Carlotta Gentili

Starting from a historical reconstruction of the presence of minors within Italian and European psychiatric hospitals and on the evolution of the methods of treatment and re-education of children and young people with mental and intellectual disabilities between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this article proposes an analysis of the documents kept at the archive of the Gian Franco Minguzzi Institution, with particular reference to those that certify the presence of children and adolescents, up to 15 years old, hospitalized in the Bologna’s asylum over a very long period of time, ranging from 1811 to 1950. Here the peculiar and innovative characteristics of the Bologna’s institution, the diagnoses made there and the trajectories of the minors involved are examined.


Author(s):  
Thaís De Freitas Bezerra ◽  
Vera Lucia Vieira de Souza

A Realidade Virtual - RV caracteriza-se como tecnologia tridimensional baseada em simulações virtuais para promover a interação do usuário com o jogo por meio de dispositivos associados ou não à utilização de controles remotos. Na reabilitação neurológica infanto-juvenil, a RV é utilizada por diversos profissionais, especialmente os terapeutas ocupacionais, com finalidade de desenvolver habilidades necessárias para a participação do indivíduo nas atividades do cotidiano. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar em que circunstâncias e de que forma os terapeutas ocupacionais brasileiros fazem uso da Realidade Virtual como um recurso terapêutico na reabilitação neurológica infanto-juvenil. Usou-se metodologia quali-quantitativa, por meio de um questionário online respondido por profissionais que atuavam na área no país. Nos resultados e discussão observou-se a participação de profissionais jovens do sexo feminino, predominantemente atuantes na região sudeste do país com uma população de crianças e jovens entre sete e dezoito anos com paralisia cerebral, especialmente. Foram apontados pelos participantes desse estudo, diversos objetivos e vantagens do uso da Realidade Virtual na reabilitação, demonstrando a versatilidade deste recurso. Porém algumas dificuldades foram sinalizadas, tais como, a adaptação dos dispositivos, a implantação do recurso nas instituições de reabilitação, o alto custo do recurso e a dificuldade de escolha dos jogos adequados. Concluiu-se que a Realidade Virtual é um potente recurso para a Terapia Ocupacional na reabilitação de crianças e jovens com injúrias neurológicas e é necessária maior divulgação nas instituições, capacitação de profissionais, estudos e publicação na área.AbstractVirtual Reality - VR is characterized as three-dimensional technology based on virtual simulations to promote user interaction with the game through devices associated or not with the use of remote controls. In the neurological rehabilitation of children and adolescents, VR is used by several professionals, especially occupational therapists, with the purpose of developing skills necessary for the individual's participation in everyday activities. The present study aimed to identify under what circumstances and in what way Brazilian occupational therapists make use of Virtual Reality as a therapeutic resource in the neurological rehabilitation of children and adolescents. A qualitative-quantitative methodology was used, through an online questionnaire answered by professionals who worked in the area in the country. In the results and discussion we observed the participation of young female professionals, predominantly active in the southeast region of the country with a population of children and young people between seven and eighteen years old with cerebral palsy, especially. It was pointed out by the participants of this study, several objectives and advantages of the use of Virtual Reality in rehabilitation, demonstrating the versatility of this resource. However, some difficulties were signaled, such as the adaptation of the devices, the implantation of the resource in the rehabilitation institutions, the high cost of the resource and the difficulty of choosing the appropriate games. It was concluded that Virtual Reality is a potent resource for Occupational Therapy in the rehabilitation of children and young people with neurological injuries and greater dissemination in institutions, professional qualification, studies and publication in the area is required.Keywords: Adolescent; Child; Neurological; Rehabilitation; Virtual Reality; Occupational Therapy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 165-188
Author(s):  
Concepción Regalado Rodríguez

RESUMEN En los ultimos años, niños y adolescentes han aprendido tempranamente el manejo de los equipos electrónicos; sin embargo, aunque han adquirido habilidades digitales, ignoran los peligros que su uso implica. El presente trabajo se propone identificar los principales peligros digitales que enfrentan los menores al navegar libremente en Internet, y el alcance de la protección legal disponible en México. Para tal efecto se identifica el uso de internet entre niños y adolescentes; se detectan los principales peligros digitales, y el alcance de la protección legal disponible en México y en el mundo. Las dimensiones que caracteriza este problema conlleva a considerar que los esfuerzos nacionales son insuficientes si los delitos informáticos no se resuelven en un marco internacional. ABSTRACTThe internet is, after television, the means of communication that has the greatest influence on children and young people. In recent years, children and adolescents have learned early how to use electronic equipment; however, although they have acquired digital skills, they are unaware of the dangers that their use implies. This work aims to identify the main digital dangers that minors face when freely browsing the Internet, and the scope of legal protection available in Mexico. For this purpose, the use of the internet among children and adolescents is identified; the main digital dangers are detected, and the scope of legal protection available in Mexico and in the world. The dimensions that characterize this problem lead to consider that national efforts are insufficient if cybercrime is not solved in an international framework.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-118
Author(s):  
Hanna Rugała

The media serve as a tool used for transmitting information, as well as a centre of social life. There is no doubt that over time they also became one of the most dominant areas of activity for children and young people. The paper aims to present the role and importance of the media in the lives of every human being, with particular emphasis on the young generation. The author takes a closer look at the media as an educational environment shaping society’s behaviour and way of thinking. The paper also outlines several examples of the impact and consequences that the use of mass media has on health and social functioning.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
MD. Abu Bashar ◽  
Imran Ahmed Khan

The clinical impact of the new SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1·1.7 on children and young people (aged 18 years or younger) regarding acute respiratory COVID-19 is yet to be fully defined. Media reports of increases in admissions to hospital and more serious illness in children and young people have resulted in public confusion and implicated the B.1.1.7 variant as a more pathogenic infection within this group.


Author(s):  
Сергеева ◽  
Valentina Sergeeva ◽  
Подымова ◽  
Lyudmila Podymova ◽  
Сороковых ◽  
...  

This monograph presents the results of research scientists and educators. Reveals the development trend of socialization of children and young people in the current situation of uncertainty in education, proposed model and technology innovation of teachers to deal with GEF objectives in education. The materials presented in the book will be useful for teachers, bachelors, masters, graduate students may be offered refresher courses.


Author(s):  
Russell M Viner ◽  
Oliver T Mytton ◽  
Chris Bonell ◽  
G.J. Melendez-Torres ◽  
Joseph L Ward ◽  
...  

Importance The degree to which children and young people are infected by and transmit the SARS-CoV-2 virus is unclear. The role of children and young people in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on susceptibility, symptoms, viral load, social contact patterns and behaviour. Objective We undertook a rapid systematic review to address the question What is the susceptibility to and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by children and adolescents compared with adults? Data sources We searched PubMed and medRxiv up to 28 July 2020 and identified 13,926 studies, with additional studies identified through handsearching of cited references and professional contacts. Study Selection We included studies which provided data on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and young people ( <20 years) compared with adults derived from contact-tracing or population-screening. We excluded single household studies. Data extraction and Synthesis We followed PRISMA guidelines for abstracting data, independently by 2 reviewers. Quality was assessed using a critical appraisal checklist for prevalence studies. Random effects meta-analysis was undertaken. Main Outcomes Secondary infection rate (contact-tracing studies) or prevalence or seroprevalence (population-screening studies) amongst children and young people compared with adults. Results 32 studies met inclusion criteria; 18 contact-tracing and 14 population-screening. The pooled odds ratio of being an infected contact in children compared with adults was 0.56 (0.37, 0.85) with substantial heterogeneity (95%). Three school contact tracing studies found minimal transmission by child or teacher index cases. Findings from population-screening studies were heterogenous and were not suitable for meta-analysis. The majority of studies were consistent with lower seroprevalence in children compared with adults, although seroprevalence in adolescents appeared similar to adults. Conclusions There is preliminary evidence that children and young people have lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, with a 43% lower odds of being an infected contact. There is weak evidence that children and young people play a lesser role in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at a population level. Our study provides no information on the infectivity of children.


2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Niklasson ◽  
Irene Niklasson ◽  
Torsten Norlander

Our aim was to gain increased understanding of the effects of sensorimotor therapy on the physical and psychological development of children and young people when using the method Retraining for Balance. The records of 8 children who had completed the program were randomly selected from a cohort of 232 with sensorimotor difficulties and concentration problems. The participants, 7 boys and 1 girl, averaged 9 years of age. The Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method (the EPP-method, Gunmar Karlsson, 1995) was used for this analysis, which resulted in 29 categories which yielded 3 overarching themes: a) the introduction of sensorimotor exercises, b) regression to earlier sensorimotor and psychological behaviors, and c) transformations in which the sensorimotor and psychological skills of the children matured and developed. The themes formed the kinesthetic-vestibular developmental model illustrating how sensorimotor exercises push the therapy process forward while recurrent regressions are followed by positive developmental phases. The results of the study were generalized to the remaining 224 children in the cohort by comparing each individual's records to the kinesthetic-vestibular model.


Author(s):  
Валентина Владимировна Гладких ◽  
Людмила Александровна Обухова ◽  
Ольга Анатольевна Попова

Рассмотрена проблема раскрытия одарённости у детей и молодёжи в образовательном процессе школы. Цель исследования - изучение деятельности руководителей образовательных организаций (разделённых на кластеры по средовым показателям), направленной на выявление способностей и талантов обучающихся. Задачи: определить состояние работы школ, относящихся к разным кластерам, с обучающимися, подтвердившими индекс высоких результатов по ВПР, ОГЭ, ЕГЭ; выделить наиболее эффективные формы работы с обучающимися, имеющими способности к освоению отдельных учебных предметов. Is devoted to the problem of revealing talents in children and young people in the secondary school educational process. The purpose of the study is the activities of the heads of educational organizations (divided into clusters by environmental indicators), aimed at identifying the abilities and talents of students. Objectives:to determine the state of activities of schools belonging to different clusters, with students who have confirmed the index of high results in the VPR, OGE, USE, identify the most effective forms of work with the students having the ability of mastering certain academic subjects.


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