Cinderella Revisited: Women's Appearance Modification as a Function of Target Audience Sex and Attractiveness

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela C. Regan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Female Target ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women's Appearance

The impact of 2 target audience characteristics on appearance modification was examined. Women participants were led to expect an interaction with an attractive or unattractive male or female target (randomly assigned). Female raters assessed the amount of cosmetics worn by participants both before the experimental manipulation and on the day that they returned for the anticipated interaction. It was revealed that women wore significantly more makeup when they anticipated an interaction with a highly attractive target, irrespective of sex, wore the same amount of makeup when anticipating meeting an unattractive woman, and wore significantly less makeup when expecting to meet an unattractive man. These findings are congruent with a self-presentational conceptualization of appearance and provide evidence that attractiveness and sex/gender are powerful social cues that elicit behavioral displays from others.

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИХ КОНКУРСІВ ТА ПРЕМІЙ

2020 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
O. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Media ◽  
Literary Prizes ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>In this study, I have collected and summarized the functional aspects of a literary prize, contest, and rating, which indicate their affiliation with the marketing complex of the publishing house for the first time. For this purpose, I have analyzed and summarized the common concepts of the functioning of literary prizes and contests as advertising tools for publishing activity. Because the previous studies are only focused on the fact of the impact of the prize on the promotion of editions but do not explain it, these aspects have been considered and introduced by me from the book production’s point of view. I investigated that the prizes and the contests in the literary field are effective marketing tools, which meet many publisher’s needs at the same time and can be considered a non-profit form of capital. I have reviewed the works of other authors, who accept that the economic success of the book is rising if the author is a winner of the literary prize or contest. I have found out that the book prize activates the demand for the book, and the literary contest is a tool to track the reader’s reaction to a future publication. In this way, literary prizes and contests can be considered as a way of conducting a marketing dialogue with the target audience. I have focused on the information support of literary national and international prizes and contests by the media, which attracts attention to the book and forms the reader’s interest. The literary prizes and contests are also considered as a way of exploring trends and their changes, familiarization the popular genres among the target audience and fixation the current choice of modern readers. Literary prizes and contests motivate the authors to improve their literary excellence, are the source of new authors and works, and assist in increasing sales of books. However, further research is recommended.</em></p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> book prize, book rating, literary contest, literary prize, functions of the literary prizes.</em>

Investigating the relevance of the traditional marketing mix across different stages of change: Empirical evidence from household recycling

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Blaise Issock Issock ◽  
Mercy Mpinganjira ◽  
Mornay Roberts-Lombard
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traditional Marketing ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to provide empirical evidence and a different perspective on the relevance of the traditional marketing mix in social marketing programmes. This is a response to the ongoing debate about the (in)compatibility of the traditional marketing mix (the 4Ps) in the field of social marketing. In doing so, this study examines the important role that the stages of behaviour change play in influencing the effectiveness of traditional marketing mix elements in the context of recycling in South African households. Design/methodology/approach This study follows a quantitative method, relying on a survey of 699 heads of households in South Africa. Multigroup analysis and structural equation modelling were applied to test the impact of stages of changes on the potential effect of marketing mix elements on the intention to recycle household waste. Findings The results established that although the traditional marketing mix elements have a marginal effect on the intention to recycle household waste, further analyses revealed that this impact of the marketing mix is contingent on the stage of change in which the target audience is found. Thus, the findings indicated that the marketing mix elements significantly influence the intention to recycle when the target audience is at the contemplation and preparation phases. Originality/value Whilst both critics and proponents of the adoption of the traditional marketing mix in social marketing initiatives have provided relevant arguments, the debate had remained largely theoretical. This study discusses the limitations of the traditional marketing mix in behaviour change programmes and the need for a segmented approach based on the stages of behaviour change when using the 4Ps. However, given the hegemony of the 4Ps in the social marketing literature, this study sheds light on the appropriate “Ps” to activate to influence recycling behavioural intention at different stages of change.

Unsociable speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-369
Author(s):  
Kristin S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Cyber incivility is a form of unsociable speech and a common daily workplace stressor. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of cyber incivility on non-profit leaders in Canada and share an intimate portrait of their personal experiences and perceptions. Design/methodology/approach The study advances our understanding of how qualitative methods can be introduced into the study of a phenomenon which has been broadly examined in a positivist tradition. The paper draws epistemologically and methodologically on a fusion of critical discourse analysis and auto-ethnography to present emic and experiential insights. Findings The findings offer three conceptual contributions: to introduce a novel qualitative method to a dynamic field of study; to advance a critical dimension to our understanding of cyber incivility; and to explore the challenges which emerge when qualitative research must draw largely on positivist, quantitative literature. Additionally, this paper makes three contributions to our understanding of cyber incivility: by introducing organizational context conditions which encourage incivility; by identifying commonalities between incivility and bullying, by challenging the existing taxonomy; and by examining the personal experiences of non-profit leaders in Canada (in operationalized settings). Originality/value Quantitative analysis has been limited to the relationship between supervisor and employee and consisted mostly of cross-sectional self-report designs, online surveys and experimental manipulation in simulated workplace environments. This study serves up a deeper analysis from within organizational environments.

scholarly journals Aromatase pathway mediates sex change in each direction

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1570) ◽  
pp. 1399-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederieke J Kroon ◽  
Philip L Munday ◽  
David A Westcott ◽  
Jean-Paul A Hobbs ◽  
N. Robin Liley
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Sex Change ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Environmental Sex Determination ◽  
Bidirectional Sex Change ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
First Time

The enzyme aromatase controls the androgen/oestrogen ratio by catalysing the irreversible conversion of testosterone into oestradiol (E 2 ). Therefore, the regulation of E 2 synthesis by aromatase is thought to be critical in sexual development and differentiation. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that experimental manipulation of E 2 levels via the aromatase pathway induces adult sex change in each direction in a hermaphroditic fish that naturally exhibits bidirectional sex change. Our results demonstrate that a single enzymatic pathway can regulate both female and male sexual differentiation, and that aromatase may be the key enzyme that transduces environmental, including social, cues to functional sex differentiation in species with environmental sex determination.

The impact of implicit bias on business-to-business marketing

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1517-1525
Author(s):  
Kim Stephens ◽  
Richard L. Baskerville
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
B2b Marketing ◽  
Interactive Workshop ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business To Business

Purpose Physical social cues can influence the buyer and seller in business-to-business (B2B) marketing. The current behavioural model does not account for the role of implicit bias. The purpose of this paper is to present that relationship and introduce a process model to weaken implicit bias through training with the employment of transformational conversation. Design/methodology/approach With social cues as the predecessor to inferences, there is the potential for implicit bias to derail relationship building in a B2B context. The author’s qualitative field study offers guidance for businesses to make informed decisions about implicit bias training. Findings The study findings show that an interactive workshop following a process model with the addition of transformational conversation can weaken implicit bias. Research limitations/implications The research was conducted with a small cohort of information technology professionals. More research should be done specifically with sellers and buyers in various industries over a longer period of time with periodic follow-up on sales performance and relationship building. Practical implications Minority groups had a combined buying power of $3.9tn in 2018. For sellers to succeed, they have to be able to modulate the implicit biases that interfere with good sales relationships. Originality/value This paper introduces implicit bias as a moderator into the conceptual framework of the behavioural response to social cues in the B2B context and offers a model of implicit bias training using a process model with transformational conversation.

Spatial density and ambient scent: effects on consumer anxiety

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Poon ◽  
Bianca Grohmann
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
Retail Setting ◽  
Ambient Scent ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This replication and extension of Hirsch and Gruss examines the impact of spatial density and ambient scent on consumers' spatial perception and anxiety. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A 2 (spatial density: high, low)×3 (ambient scent: no scent, scent associated with spaciousness, scent associated with enclosed spaces) between-participants experimental design was implemented in a laboratory setting. A pretest determined scent selection and manipulation checks were successful. Findings – Spatial perception was influenced by spatial density, but not ambient scent. Ambient scent and spatial density interacted, such that consumers' anxiety levels significantly increased under conditions of low spatial density combined with an ambient scent associated with spaciousness, and directionally increased under conditions of high spatial density combined with ambient scent associated with enclosed space. Research limitations/implications – This research was conducted in a laboratory setting in order to increase experimental control. An exploration of the strength of the observed effects in a field (retail) setting would be insightful. Practical implications – Results of this study suggest that retailers need to consider both spatial density and choice of ambient scent carefully in order to reduce consumers' anxiety levels. Originality/value – This research is one of the few to consider the impact of spatial density and ambient scent on consumers' anxiety levels. The use of a between-participants design and the experimental manipulation of both spatial density and ambient scent results in a more rigorous test of the scent – anxiety relation observed in previous research.

Quantifying the impact of disease on threatened species

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Determining whether a disease or parasite is having a substantial impact on a population of a threatened species is not straightforward. Highly pathogenic parasites are not those which have the greatest influence on hosts, and diseases present at high prevalence are not likely to have a major effect on the host population. I develop simple mathematical models which show that a microparasitic disease such as a viral or bacterial disease will have the greatest impact on its host if it prevents host reproduction, but does not affect host mortality. If infected hosts can still reproduce, intermediate levels of pathogenicity have the greatest impact on hosts. Macroparasites such as helminths likewise have maximum impact on hosts at intermediate pathogenicity. The impact of a helminth on its host population is, however, determined by a complex interplay between pathogenicity per parasite and the nature of the host response to infection. For example, in the absence of density-dependent constraints on parasites within individual hosts, the smaller the impact per parasite on the host, the greater the impact of the parasitic infection on the overall population. Several recommendations can be made to wildlife managers who detect a disease or parasite and wish to determine its impact on a population of a threatened species. There is no entirely satisfactory alternative to experimental manipulation. Treating part of a population and comparing suvivorship or fecundity with controls is the only way to confirm the impact of a disease on a free-ranging population. Such an approach is impractical with every potential pathogen in a population. Some idea as to which pathogens may be of significance to the population can be gained from comparison of disease prevalence or parasite burden between dead and dying hosts and the overall population. Overall high prevalence or high pathogenicity are not good indicators on their own.

scholarly journals The impact of national cancer awareness campaigns for bowel and lung cancer symptoms on sociodemographic inequalities in immediate key symptom awareness and GP attendances

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (S1) ◽  
pp. S14-S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Moffat ◽  
A Bentley ◽  
L Ironmonger ◽  
A Boughey ◽  
G Radford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Cancer Symptoms ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Symptom Awareness ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: National campaigns focusing on key symptoms of bowel and lung cancer ran in England in 2012, targeting men and women over the age of 50 years, from lower socioeconomic groups. Methods: Data from awareness surveys undertaken with samples of the target audience (n=1245/1140 pre-/post-bowel campaign and n=1412/1246 pre-/post-lung campaign) and Read-code data extracted from a selection general practitioner (GP) practices (n=355 for bowel and n=486 for lung) were analysed by population subgroups. Results: Unprompted symptom awareness: There were no significant differences in the magnitude of shift in ABC1 vs C2DE groups for either campaign. For the bowel campaign, there was a significantly greater increase in awareness of blood in stools in the age group 75+ years compared with the 55–74 age group, and of looser stools in men compared with women. Prompted symptom awareness: Endorsement of ‘blood in poo’ remained stable, overall and across different population subgroups. Men showed a significantly greater increase in endorsement of ‘looser poo’ as a definite warning sign of bowel cancer than women. There were no significant differences across subgroups in endorsement of a 3-week cough as a definite warning sign of lung cancer. GP attendances: Overall, there were significant increases in attendances for symptoms directly linked to the campaigns, with the largest percentage increase seen in the 50–59 age group. For the bowel campaign, the increase was significantly greater for men and for practices in the most-deprived quintile, whereas for lung the increase was significantly greater for practices in the least-deprived quintile. Conclusions: The national bowel and lung campaigns reached their target audience and have also influenced younger and more affluent groups. Differences in impact within the target audience were also seen. There would seem to be no unduly concerning widening in inequalities, but further analyses of the equality of impact across population subgroups is warranted.

scholarly journals The impact of experimental manipulation on neutrophil immunophenotyping

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerasimina Tsinti ◽  
Anastasios E Germenis ◽  
Matthaios Speletas
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of Influencers in Consumer Decision Process: The Fashion Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Siti Nurfadila
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Consumer Decision Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Impact

The popularity of influencers is continuous and doesn’t have a limited window of influence. Internet and social media play vital role in helping consumers find the items they are looking for. Obviously companies will keenly try to retain a strong presence in the social media platforms; otherwise the target audience can easily change suppliers. The present   study is intended to explore the influencer marketing techniques used by fashion industries and also the impact of influencers on the consumers buying decision process in fashion industry.

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