A Study on Korean Traditional Medicine Side Effects Cases Described in Domestic Western Medical Journals in the Past 10 Years

Abstract Gas Assisted Etching (GAE) is the enabling technology for High Aspect Ratio (HAR) circuit access via milling in Focused Ion Beam (FIB) circuit modification. Metal interconnect layers of microelectronic Integrated Circuits (ICs) are separated by Inter-Layer Dielectric (ILD) materials, therefore HAR vias are typically milled in dielectrics. Most of the etching precursor gases presently available for GAE of dielectrics on commercial FIB systems, such as XeF2, Cl2, etc., are also effective etch enhancers for either Si, or/and some of the metals used in ICs. Therefore use of these precursors for via milling in dielectrics may lead to unwanted side effects, especially in a backside circuit edit approach. Making contacts to the polysilicon lines with traditional GAE precursors could also be difficult, if not impossible. Some of these precursors have a tendency to produce isotropic vias, especially in Si. It has been proposed in the past to use fluorocarbon gases as precursors for the FIB milling of dielectrics. Preliminary experimental evaluation of Trifluoroacetic (Perfluoroacetic) Acid (TFA, CF3COOH) as a possible etching precursor for the HAR via milling in the application to FIB modification of ICs demonstrated that highly enhanced anisotropic milling of SiO2 in HAR vias is possible. A via with 9:1 aspect ratio was milled with accurate endpoint on Si and without apparent damage to the underlying Si substrate.

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Sending out Biased Signals: an Appropriate Proposition for Pain?

Douleur et Analgésie ◽

10.3166/dea-2019-0065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 108-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Besserer-Offroy ◽

P. Sarret

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Acute Pain ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Pain Treatment ◽

Opioid Analgesics ◽

Mu Opioid Receptor ◽

Clinical Development ◽

Mu Opioid ◽

Development Stages ◽

The Past

In the past few years, several biased ligands acting at the mu-opioid receptor were reported in the literature. These agonists are aimed at reducing pain while having fewer side effects than morphine, the gold standard of opioid analgesics. In this mini-review, we describe and discuss the recent advances in mu-biased ligands actually in preclinical and clinical development stages, including the latest U.S. Food and Drug Administration review of oliceridine, a biased mu-agonist for moderate to severe acute pain treatment developed by the company Trevena.

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Therapeutic Aspects of Squill; An Evidence-Based Review

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163816666190125154745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 318-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Khadije Saket ◽

Jalil T. Afshari ◽

Ehsan Saburi ◽

Mahdi Yousefi ◽

Roshanak Salari

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Low Cost ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Helminthic Infections ◽

Traditional Persian Medicine ◽

Healing Of Wounds ◽

Bioactive Agents

From ancient times, medicinal plants have been usually utilized to treat many disorders, but today, interest in these herbs is again aroused, because of their fewer side effects and low-cost. In traditional medicine, for many diseases, various medicinal herbs have been suggested so far. Drimia maritime, also named squill, is an important medicinal plant for the treatment of many diseases, especially respiratory diseases. In the current evidence-based study, we conducted a review of the general characteristics, ingredients, administration form, and side effects of squill in traditional medicine. For this purpose, traditional Persian medicine literatures and electronic databases were examined including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Many compounds are isolated from D.maritima, including scillaren, scillirubroside, scillarenin, and bufadienolide glycosides. Oxymel is the most commonly used form of squill for various diseases, especially respiratory diseases. Besides, squill has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular, digestive, and dermatological disorders, it is also used against various cancer cells for its antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. Moreover, there is relatively reliable evidence of its benefits for bacterial and helminthic infections, rheumatism, edema, gout, abortion induction, healing of wounds and urine induction. It seems that supplementary studies are required to explore the bioactive agents and their effective mechanisms.

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An Overview on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Morus alba Linn.

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216666201228114004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Arpita Paul ◽

Monami Rajiung ◽

Kamaruz Zaman ◽

Sushil Kumar Chaudhary ◽

Hans Raj Bhat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Pharmacological Profile ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Significant Information ◽

The Past ◽

Comprehensive Information ◽

The Family ◽

White Mulberry

Background: Morus alba Linn. commonly known as white mulberry, belongs to the family Moraceae, is a promising traditional medicine. In Asia, besides its use in the preparation of delicacies, every part of this plant is utilized in traditional medicine. Over the past decade, studies related to identification and isolation of biologically active compounds, with flavonoids as the major class of phytoconstituents, from this plant has been reported. These phytoconstituents are not only found to be beneficial for the maintenance of general health but also are associated with a range of potential pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective to name a few. Objective: This review aims to provide upgraded and comprehensive information regarding the phytochemical, ethnomedicinal use and pharmacological profile of the plant Morus alba Linn. Method: The significant information has been collected through various database viz. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct based on the recent findings, using different terms of Morus alba. Results: The outcome of the study suggests that Morus alba is a multifunctional plant numerous phytochemicals, and possess a range of pharmacological activities. Conclusion: The data assembled on Morus alba will be beneficial to trigger research in various fields of pharmaceutical and allied science to explore the medicinal importance of this unique plant.

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THE ORIGINS OF MUSIC: INNATENESS, UNIQUENESS, AND EVOLUTION

Music Perception An Interdisciplinary Journal ◽

10.1525/mp.2005.23.1.29 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 29-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

JOSH McDERMOTT ◽

MARC HAUSER

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Music Perception ◽

Comparative Psychology ◽

General Purpose ◽

Adaptive Significance ◽

Future Research ◽

Relative Pitch ◽

The Past ◽

Evolution Of Music ◽

Basic Features

THE ORIGINS and adaptive significance of music, long an elusive target, are now active topics of empirical study, with many interesting developments over the past few years. This article reviews research in anthropology, ethnomusicology, developmental and comparative psychology, neuropsychology, and neurophysiology that bears on questions concerning the origins and evolution of music. We focus on the hypothesis that music perception is constrained by innate, possibly human- and musicspecific principles of organization, as these are candidates for evolutionary explanations. We begin by discussing the distinct roles of different fields of inquiry in constraining claims about innateness and adaptation, and then proceed to review the available evidence. Although research on many of these topics is still in its infancy, at present there is converging evidence that a few basic features of music (relative pitch, the importance of the octave, intervals with simple ratios, tonality, and perhaps elementary musical preferences) are determined in part by innate constraints. At present, it is unclear how many of these constraints are uniquely human and specific to music. Many, however, are unlikely to be adaptations for music, but rather are probably side effects of more general-purpose mechanisms. We conclude by reiterating the significance of identifying processes that are innate, unique to humans, and specific to music, and highlight several possible directions for future research.

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How the Lifestyle Leaders View and Manage Medications

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 611-612

Author(s):

Taylor Patskanick ◽

Julie Miller

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Medication Management ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Prescription Medication ◽

The Internet ◽

Prescription Medications ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Attitudes And Behaviors ◽

The Past ◽

Drug Companies

Abstract Medication management is an ongoing consideration for adults ages 85 and older, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. When asked about their attitudes and behaviors regarding medication management, over 73% of the Lifestyle Leaders reported taking 3+ prescription medications daily and managing their own medication regimes. 61.9% of participants had taken over-the-counter, non-prescription medication for pain over the past five years. When asked why some participants didn’t currently take prescription medications to manage pain, the most frequently-reported responses were: “I don’t feel that my pain warrants a prescription medication,” (19%, n=8), “I don’t want to deal with the side effects,” and “I don’t trust drug companies,” (9.5%, n=4, respectively). The Lifestyle Leaders reported they would be most likely to go to the internet (over their local pharmacist) to ask for advice about their medication(s). Meanwhile, 39% of Lifestyle Leaders would trust a robot to manage their medication(s) for them.

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Herbal Therapy for Management Seborrheic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review

Recent Advances in Anti-Infective Drug Discovery ◽

10.2174/2772434416666211029113213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Azin Ayatollahi ◽

Alireza Firooz ◽

Ensieh Lotfali ◽

Faraz Mojab ◽

Azam Fattahi

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Herbal Extracts ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Search Terms ◽

Current Therapies ◽

Skin Conditions ◽

Conventional Antibiotics

Introduction: Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis [SD] are similar skin conditions but have different severities. Because the current therapies are not able to completely remove dandruff, herbal extracts with better effectiveness and fewer side effects are being used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Due to the adverse effects of chemical drugs, the use of natural products and traditional medicine has sharply increased over the past few decades. Therefore, in this review, we report herbs used as anti-dandruff agents in traditional medicine around the world. Methods: The review was conducted on the literature available on the medicinal utility of certain plants as antidandruff agents using PubMed and Google Scholar and the following search terms: Dandruff and Plants or Medicinal Plant and Dandruff treatment; and Essential oil and Dandruff. Results: Because the current therapies are not able to completely remove dandruff, herbal extracts with better effectiveness and fewer side effects are being used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Nowadays, there are many different types of herbal antidandruff shampoo. They are effective and safe without the side effects of chemical agents. Recently, a large number of physicians have turned to herbal medicine. Clinical evidence of the therapeutic effects from herbal products has led to the study of many more herbs for their therapeutic roles. Conclusion: Herbal are now accepted to act a essential role in the development of favourable therapeutics, either alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics. However, the major challenges to this include finding compounds with satisfactorily lower MICs, low toxicity, and high bioavailability for effective and safe use in humans and animals.

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Fluoxetine Efficacy vs Comparative Drugs: An Overview

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s0007125000297298 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 153 (S3) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Malcolm Lader

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽

Antipsychotic Agents ◽

Synaptic Cleft ◽

Endogenous Depression ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Anticholinergic Effects ◽

The Past ◽

Chronic Effects ◽

Clinical Action

The tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were discovered accidentally by pharmaceutical chemists seeking first, better antihistamines and then antipsychotic agents. Careful clinical assessment revealed the antidepressant properties and suggested that the closer the patient resembled the classical textbook description of ‘endogenous’ depression, the more likely was an adequate clinical response to occur (Kuhn, 1958). However, it was quickly realised that the TCAs possess a plethora of side-effects, particularly sedation and symptoms related to their anticholinergic effects.Despite much research over the past 25 years, it is unclear how TCAs effect clinical improvement. The two main neurotransmitters involved in some way are noradrenaline (Schildkraut, 1965) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin; Van Praag, 1977). It was proposed that TCAs acted by blocking the reuptake of one or other or both of these neurotransmitters, thereby increasing their concentration in the synaptic cleft. However, as well as these acute effects, chronic effects, such as a decrease in the number of central beta-adrenoceptors (‘down-regulation’) occur, and these are probably more relevant to the clinical action.

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Evaluation of medicines advertising in medical journals

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502009000200016 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 303-312

Author(s):

Daliana Maria Berenice de Oliveira Souza ◽

Suellen Cristiane Medeiros de Lima ◽

Almária Mariz Batista ◽

Maria Cleide Ribeiro Dantas de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Medical Prescription ◽

Medical Journals ◽

Registration Number ◽

The Common

This work intended to analyze the advertising of medicines requiring medical prescription, divulged into three journals of the neurology and cardiology areas addressed to healthcare professionals. The analysis was based on current legislation, among other criteria, as well as specific literature. The presence of the following items was investigated: registration number, drug name, specific indications, contraindications; cautions and warnings; adverse reactions; possible side effects; posology; legibility of technical-scientific information and bibliographic references, phrases and/or expressions about the medication benefits, as compared to other drugs; safety warnings, healing promises and pictures of people smiling, and the quotations confirmation based on bibliographic references. Among the evaluated legal criteria, it was observed the absence of legibility in technical-scientific information in 85% of advertisements; absence of side effects in 23%; absence of cautions and warnings in 15%; of contraindications in 12.8%; of posology in 6.4%; of registration numbers in 2.7% and of the Common Brazilian Denomination/Common International Denomination (Denominação Comum Brasileira/Denominação Comum Internacional - DCB/DCI) in 0.6%. Out of 130 statements respecting advantages face to others drugs, 23.8% were not confirmed and out of 48 divulged safety messages, 41.7% could not be found in quoted references. The pictures of people smiling was a resource used in 42.2% of advertisements. Out of 1362 references analyzed, 19.7% were not found and 37.1% of quoted affirmations weren't confirmed.

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