scholarly journals CHARLES BALLY’S THEORY OF ACTUALIZATION

2017 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Elena V. Shelukhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Special Means ◽  
The Difference

The present article is focused on Charles Bally’s theory of actualization. In his work the linguist describes in detail actualization of the concept (thing or process) and gives the definition to the actualized concept paying attention to the difference in actualization between nouns and verbs. He points out that the concept can be actualized via context or special means or actualizers that assist in actualization of the potential concept. Bally supposes that the actualized concept is a two-sided linguistic symbol where the role of the formal identifier is played by the actualizer which can be expressed by an internal form of the word (case endings) as well as external one (articles, adverbs, pronouns, etc.). The scientist distinguishes three types of actualization: implicit, partly explicit and fully explicit. The linguist explains as well the difference between actualization and characterization of the concept. Also, Ch. Bally observes cases when concepts can be actualized without context or actualizers.

Көркөм тексттеги диалогдун табияты

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
А.М. Токтосунова
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference

Аннотация. Макалада көркөм тексттеги диалогдун табияты жана аткарган кызматы жөнүндө сөз болот. Мисалдагы диалогдор Ч.Айтматовдун, Т.Касымбековдун чыгармаларынан алынып, талдоо жүргүзүлдү. Диалогдук кептин көркөм чыгармадагы орду жана оозеки кептеги диалогдон айырмачылыгы жөнүндө маалымат берилди. Диалог каармандардын деңгэлин, социалдык, моралдык, психологиялык, интеллектуалдык өзгөчөлүктөрүн, коомдогу социалдык-психологиялык кырдаалды ар тараптуу туюндурушу тууралуу сөз козголот. Ошону менен бирге диалогдун автордук идеяга, анын тажрыйбасына, чеберчилигине, дүйнө таанымына, чыгармачылык деңгээлине байланыштуу макалада белгиленди. Диалог аркылуу образ түзүү, дүйнөнү образдуу чагылдырылып берилери мисалдар менен бекемделди. Б.Усубалиевдин, Т.С.Маразыковдун пикирлери жетекчиликке алынды. Түйүндүү сөздөр: диалог, коммуникация, коннотация, стиль, семантика, функционалдык стиль, эстетика, прагматика, образ, подтексттик информация. Аннотация. В этой статье рассматриваются природа диалога и его роли в художественном тексте. Анализ приведен на примерах произведений Ч. Айтматова и Т. Касымбекова. Дана информация места диалога в художественных произведениях и устной речи, и различия от устной речи. В статье речь идёт о роли диалога в социально-психологической, моральной, интеллектуальной характеристике героев в различных социально-психологических ситуациях. В статье отмечается, что диалог связан с идеями, опытом, мировоззрением, уровнем творческого мастерства автора. Приведены примеры того, что через диалог создаются образы, даётся образная картина мира в различных условиях и ситуациях в художественной литературе. Взяты за руководство мнения Б.Усубалиева и Т. Маразыкова. Ключевые слова: диалог, коммуникация, коннотация, стиль, семантика, функциональный стиль, эстетика, прагматика, образ, подтекстная информация. Annotation. In the article the speech is going about the nature of dialogue and the literary text. The dialogues on examples are from Ch. Aitmatov᾿s and T. Kasymbekov᾿s works and they were analysed. It has been informed about the difference the role of dialogue in creative works and conversational speech. The article deals with the role of dialogue in the socio-psychological, moral, intellectual characterization of the characters in various socio-psychological situations. The article notes that the dialogue is connected with the ideas, experience, worldview, level of the creative skill of the author. Examples are given that images are created through dialogue, an imaginative picture of the world is given in various conditions and situations in fiction.The article has been guided by the opinions of T. Marazykov and B. Usubaliev. Keyword: dialogue, communication, connotation, style, semantics, functional style, aesthetics, pragmatics, image, subtext information.

ON THE QUESTION OF THE LINGUISTIC STATUS OF COMPLEX WORDS COMPONENTS AS “MEGAPLANET”

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
Complex Words

The present article is devoted to the linguistic status of the Greco-Latin components of the compound words such as “megaplanet, acrophobe, cardiology”, etc. In the linguistic literature there is no unanimous approach concerning their linguistic status. The authors analyzing numerous examples of compound words of Greek and Latin elements try to prove the difference between them and affixal morphemes by stressing on their role of word-forming stems in the structure of compound words and call them as structural-dependent stems. But at the same time from the semantic point of view they are considered as independent lexical language units, the property which makes communication possible among community members.

scholarly journals Purification and characterization of a clostripain-like protease from a recombinant Clostridium perfringens culture

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadao Manabe ◽  
Hirofumi Nariya ◽  
Shigeru Miyata ◽  
Hiroaki Tanaka ◽  
Junzaburo Minami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Clostridium perfringens produces a homologue of clostripain (Clo), the arginine-specific endopeptidase of Clostridium histolyticum. To determine the biochemical and biological properties of the C. perfringens homologue (Clp), it was purified from the culture supernatant of a recombinant C. perfringens strain by cation-exchange chromatography and ultrafiltration. Analysis by SDS-PAGE, N-terminal amino acid sequencing and TOF mass spectrometry revealed that Clp consists of two polypeptides comprising heavy (38 kDa) and light (16 kDa or 15 kDa) chains, and that the two light chains differ in the N-terminal cleavage site. This difference in the light chain did not affect the enzymic activity toward N-benzoyl-l-arginine p-nitroanilide (Bz-l-arginine pNA), as demonstrated by assaying culture supernatants differing in the relative ratio of the two light chains. Although the purified Clp preferentially degraded Bz-dl-arginine pNA rather than Bz-dl-lysine pNA, it degraded the latter more efficiently than did Clo. Clp showed 2.3-fold higher caseinolytic activity than Clo, as expected from the difference in substrate specificity. Clp caused an increase in vascular permeability when injected intradermally into mice, implying a possible role of Clp in the pathogenesis of clostridial myonecrosis.

The role of the Rogers–Shephard inequality in the characterization of the difference body

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Abardia-Evéquoz ◽  
Eugenia Saorín Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Difference Body ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe Rogers–Shephard and Brunn–Minkowski inequalities provide upper and lower bounds for the volume of the difference body in terms of the volume of the body itself. In this work it is shown that the difference body operator is the only continuous and

Characterization of pulmonary endothelial charge barrier

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. H1300-H1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Swanson ◽  
D. F. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Protamine Sulfate ◽  
Endothelial Barrier ◽  
Pulmonary Endothelium ◽  
Permeability Surface ◽  
Anionic Charge ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Area Product ◽  
Selective Increase

To clarify the role of charge in protein movement across the pulmonary endothelial barrier, we simultaneously measured the permeability-surface area product (PS) for native [isoelectric point (pI) 4.4-5.1] and cationic (pI 7.2-8.0) albumin in isolated rabbit lungs perfused with and without protamine sulfate. We focused our measurement on the initial (endothelial) barrier by using a technique that is based on the very rapid (3 min) uptake of tracer. This allowed us to distinguish the charge properties of the endothelium separate from other barriers. In control studies, PS was greater for cationic than for native albumin (8.67 +/- 0.93 vs. 2.55 +/- 0.20 x 10(-2) ml.min-1.g dry lung-1). In the presence of 1 mg/ml protamine sulfate, cationic albumin permeability was not different from control (7.34 +/- 0.49 x 10(-2) ml.min-1.g dry lung-1), whereas PS for anionic albumin increased to 8.82 +/- 1.32 x 10(-2) ml.min-1.g dry lung-1. Thus the protamine sulfate eliminated the difference between native and cationic albumin PS. This selective increase in anionic albumin permeability is presumably due to the cation, protamine sulfate, binding to the anionic charges on the endothelium and reducing the anionic charge-charge repulsion. If protamine sulfate had produced a general endothelial injury, the PS for both albumins would have increased. Our results suggest that the normal pulmonary endothelium is an anionic charge barrier restricting the transcapillary movement of negatively charged molecules.

scholarly journals On Archibald Alison’s Conception of Aesthetic Experience and Its Selected Sources and Inspirations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Wawrzonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
General View ◽  
Aesthetic Taste ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Aesthetic

  The present article is devoted to aesthetic experience as conceived by Archibald Alison. It reconstructs the associationist sources of his views in the form of selected issues from the aesthetics of D. Hume and A. Gerard. In the case of the former, three types of beauty and the general characteristics of experiencing them are recalled. In the case of the latter, a general view of the nature of aesthetic experience is presented, including the role of internal senses, feelings, their accumulation and associative relations. Alison’s conception of autonomous aesthetic experience is laid out based both on the first edition of his works and on subsequent editions, which include quite substantial revisions. Discussed in detail here are the issues of simple emotion and the aesthetic train of ideas, which together constitute an autonomous aesthetic experience. Also, the article provides an explanation of the difference between emotions of pleasure and emotions of taste. Moreover, it outlines the social resonance of aesthetic taste and its manifestations.

La diferencia de la historia. Paul Veyne revisitado / The Difference of History. Paul Veyne Revisited

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Vladimir López Alcañiz
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Narrative History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Nature ◽  
May 68 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

En mayo del 68, junto a la ola de contestación mundial, se produjo un cambio en la manera de concebir y escribir la historia. La aceleración del tiempo histórico trajo consigo una voluntad renovada de conocer el pasado. En este contexto, la obra de Paul Veyne Comment on écrit l'histoire cobrará una relevancia especial. El presente artículo examina la recepción de este ensayo y de qué modo éste fue capaz de reflexionar sobre los temas candentes de la disciplina: la cientificidad de la historia, la necesidad de abrirse a otros campos del saber, el recurso a la conceptualización y el papel del historiador en la escritura de una nueva historia.Palabras clavePaul Veyne, conceptualización, objetividad, narración, historia como ciencia, diferencia. AbstractIn May 68, along with a wave of global upheaval, there was also a shift in the way of conceiving and writing history. The acceleration of historical time brought about a renewed wish to learn about the past. In this context, Comment on écrit l'histoire by Paul Veyne was to take on a special significance. The present article examines the reception of this essay and how it was capable of reflecting on the most burning issues of the discipline: the scientific nature of history, the need to open up to other fields of knowledge, the use of conceptualization, and the role of the historian in the writing of a new history.Key wordsPaul Veyne, conceptualization, objectivity, narrative, history as science, difference.

The role of differential phase contrast in electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
E.M. Waddell ◽  
J.N. Chapman ◽  
R.P. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Contrast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
First Moment

Dekkers and de Lang (1977) have discussed a practical method of realising differential phase contrast in a STEM. The method involves taking the difference signal from two semi-circular detectors placed symmetrically about the optic axis and subtending the same angle (2α) at the specimen as that of the cone of illumination. Such a system, or an obvious generalisation of it, namely a quadrant detector, has the characteristic of responding to the gradient of the phase of the specimen transmittance. In this paper we shall compare the performance of this type of system with that of a first moment detector (Waddell et al.1977).For a first moment detector the response function R(k) is of the form R(k) = ck where c is a constant, k is a position vector in the detector plane and the vector nature of R(k)indicates that two signals are produced. This type of system would produce an image signal given bywhere the specimen transmittance is given by a (r) exp (iϕ (r), r is a position vector in object space, ro the position of the probe, ⊛ represents a convolution integral and it has been assumed that we have a coherent probe, with a complex disturbance of the form b(r-ro) exp (iζ (r-ro)). Thus the image signal for a pure phase object imaged in a STEM using a first moment detector is b2 ⊛ ▽ø. Note that this puts no restrictions on the magnitude of the variation of the phase function, but does assume an infinite detector.

Digital x-ray mapping of nanometer-size supported bimetallic catalysts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
L. T. Germinario
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Metal Cluster ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Induced Changes

Understanding the role of metal cluster composition in determining catalytic selectivity and activity is of major interest in heterogeneous catalysis. The electron microscope is well established as a powerful tool for ultrastructural and compositional characterization of support and catalyst. Because the spatial resolution of x-ray microanalysis is defined by the smallest beam diameter into which the required number of electrons can be focused, the dedicated STEM with FEG is the instrument of choice. The main sources of errors in energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) are: (1) beam-induced changes in specimen composition, (2) specimen drift, (3) instrumental factors which produce background radiation, and (4) basic statistical limitations which result in the detection of a finite number of x-ray photons. Digital beam techniques have been described for supported single-element metal clusters with spatial resolutions of about 10 nm. However, the detection of spurious characteristic x-rays away from catalyst particles produced images requiring several image processing steps.

On the Role of Transferrin in 67Ga Uptake by Tumor Cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
P. Thouvenot ◽  
F. Brunotte ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
L. J. Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sarcoma Cells ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

In vitro uptake of 67Ga-citrate and 59Fe-citrate by DS sarcoma cells in the presence of tumor-bearing animal blood plasma showed a dramatic inhibition of both 67Ga and 59Fe uptakes: about ii/io of 67Ga and 1/5o of the 59Fe are taken up by the cells. Subcellular fractionation appears to indicate no specific binding to cell structures, and the difference of binding seems to be related to the transferrin chelation and transmembrane transport differences

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