scholarly journals A histopathological comparison of prophylactic effects of Rosmarinic Acid and Oleanolic Acid isolated from Salvia species (sage) in scopolamine induced dementia model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6-S) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Engin Deveci ◽  
Ebru Gökalp Özkorkmaz ◽  
Fırat Aşır ◽  
Fırat Şahin ◽  
Işılay Sezen Ermiş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Amyloid Formation ◽  
Tissue Degeneration ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, can be created in experimental models by using toxins. Possible therapeutic effects of secondary metabolites Rosmarinic (RA) and Oleanolic acids (OA) obtained from Salvia species (sage) were investigated using histopathological and immunohistochemical tecniques in experimental Alzheimer's-like dementia model induced by scopolamine. Study Design: Male BALB/c mice (n: 48) of 3-4 weeks old, divided into 6 groups; control received only saline(i.p.) for 21 days, scopolamine group received 3 mg/kg of scopolamine (i.p.) between  8-21th days. Scopolamine + RA group received 5 mg/kg RA (i.p.)  between days 0 and 21 and 3 mg/kg of scopolamine (i.p.) between 8-21th days. Scopolamine + OA group received 5 mg/kg of OA (i.p.) between days of   0-21 and 3 mg/kg of scopolamine (i.p.) between 8-21th days. RA group received 5 mg/kg RA (i.p.)  between 0-21th days. OA group   received 5 mg/kg of OA (i.p.) between 0-21th days. Animals were sacrificed under anesthesia, brain tissues were excised and placed in 10% formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin wax. 5 µm sections were cut, stained for histopathological examinations.  Immunoreactivity for Beta-amyloid accumulation was observed. ImageJ   153 software was used to analyze IHC figures. Positive signaling for DAB density was calculated, ANOVA test with the post hoc dunnett's or tukey test were applied, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In scopolamine+RA treated group, tissue degeneration was less compared to the scopolamine group. Scopolamine+OA group revealed signs of pyknosis in neurons. The amyloid beta immunoexpression was positive in scopolamine group partially positive in scopolamine+OA group but, negative in RA treated scopolamine group. Intensity of signal in scopolamine group was statistically increased compared to control (p=0.0102). Intensity of signal was reduced in Scopolamine+RA and Scopolamine+OA groups, was statistically significant (p=0.0281 and p=0.0362, respectively). Conclusion: We suggest that pretreatment of RA and OA decreased beta amyloid formation and ameliorated tissue structure but, further studies with different methods are needed to be commercially available. Keywords: Scopolamine, dementia, Rosmarinic acid, Oleanolic acid, histopathology, Amyloid beta

scholarly journals Beta-amyloid Formation, Memory and Learning Decline Following Long-term Ovariectomy Are Inhibited by Systemic Administration of Apigenin and β-estradiol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Behnamedin Jameie ◽  
◽  
Abbas Pirasteh ◽  
Ali Naseri ◽  
Mona Farhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Amyloid Formation ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Β Amyloid

Objective: The increase in the number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to numerous problems. The risk of developing AD increases in menopause women. Apigenin and is β-estradiol are effective antioxidant and neuroprotective agents. In order to study the combined effects of them on beta-amyloid plaque formation, memory, and learning in ovariectomized rats, the present study was designed. Methods: Forty-two Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 7 groups; ovariectomized (OVX), OVX + apigenin, OVX + β-estradiol, OVX + apigenin + β-estradiol, vehicle and surgical sham. Treatment was done with apigenin and β-estradiol. The formation of β-amyloid plaques, neuronal density in the hippocampus area, apoptosis, memory, and learning was studied. Results: Findings showed the significant formation of β-amyloid plaques in the (hippocampus) area of OVX animals and memory impairment. Apigenin and β-estradiol significantly reduced the number of β-amyloid plaques, as well as the reduction of symptoms of memory impairment and learning and decreased expression of Caspase-3 in treated animals. Conclusion: Accordingly, the combination of antioxidants with E2 could have more strong therapeutic effects for AD.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis on the anti-inflammatory/immune effect of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyeon Oh ◽  
Albert Y. Jang ◽  
Sehyun Chae ◽  
Seungbum Choi ◽  
Jeongsik Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Right Ventricular Function ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

AbstractDespite the advancement of targeted therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), poor prognosis remains a reality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most clinically feasible alternative treatment options. We compared the treatment effects of adipose tissue (AD)-, bone marrow (BD)-, and umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived MSCs in the rat monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) model. The greatest improvement in the right ventricular function was observed in the UCB-MSCs treated group. The UCB-MSCs treated group also exhibited the greatest improvement in terms of the largest decrease in the medial wall thickness, perivascular fibrosis, and vascular cell proliferation, as well as the lowest levels of recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells and associated inflammatory cytokines. Gene expression profiling of lung tissue confirmed that the UCB-MSCs treated group had the most notably attenuated immune and inflammatory profiles. Network analysis further revealed that the UCB-MSCs group had the greatest therapeutic effect in terms of the normalization of all three classical PAH pathways. The intravenous injection of the UCB-MSCs, compared with those of other MSCs, showed superior therapeutic effects in the PH model for the (1) right ventricular function, (2) vascular remodeling, (3) immune/inflammatory profiles, and (4) classical PAH pathways.

scholarly journals Plasma mitochondrial DNA levels are associated with acute lung injury and mortality in septic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-yu Mao ◽  
Dong-kai Li ◽  
Hong-min Zhang ◽  
Xiao-ting Wang ◽  
Da-wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a critical activator of inflammation. Circulating mtDNA released causes lung injury in experimental models. We hypothesized that elevated plasma mtDNA levels are associated with acute lung injury (ALI) in septic patients. Methods We enrolled 66 patients with sepsis admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2019 and October 2019. Respiratory, hemodynamic and bedside echocardiographic parameters were recorded. Plasma mtDNA, procalcitonin, interleukin 6, and interleukin 8 levels were examined. Results Plasma mtDNA levels within 24 h after admission were significantly increased in the group of septic patients with ALI [5.01 (3.38–6.64) vs 4.13 (3.20–5.07) log copies/µL, p 0.0172]. mtDNA levels were independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 3.2052; 95% CI 1.1608–8.8500; p 0.0253) and ALI risk (odds ratio 2.7506; 95% CI 1.1647–6.4959; p 0.0210). Patients with high mtDNA levels had worse outcomes, and post hoc tests showed significant differences in 28-day survival rates. Increased mtDNA levels were seen in patients with abdominal infection. Conclusions Increased plasma mtDNA levels within 24 h after admission were significantly associated with ALI incidence and mortality in septic patients.

scholarly journals Tolerogenic Splenic IDO+Dendritic Cells from the Mice Treated with Induced-Treg Cells Suppress Collagen-Induced Arthritis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yiming Yang ◽  
Huahua Fan ◽  
Hejian Zou
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Foxp3 Expression ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis

TGF-β-induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) retain Foxp3 expression and immune-suppressive activity in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). However, the mechanisms whereby transferred iTregs suppress immune responses, particularly the interplay between iTregs and dendritic cells (DCs)in vivo, remain incompletely understood. In this study, we found that after treatment with iTregs, splenic CD11c+DCs, termed “DCiTreg,” expressed tolerogenic phenotypes, secreted high levels of IL-10, TGF-β, and IDO, and showed potent immunosuppressive activityin vitro. After reinfusion with DCiTreg, marked antiarthritic activity improved clinical scores and histological end-points were observed. The serological levels of inflammatory cytokines and anti-CII antibodies were low and TGF-βproduction was high in the DCiTreg-treated group. DCiTregalso induced new iTregsin vivo. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of DCiTregon CIA was lost following pretreatment with the inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Collectively, these findings suggest that transferred iTregs could induce tolerogenic characteristics in splenic DCs and these cells could effectively dampen CIA in an IDO-dependent manner. Thus, the potential therapeutic effects of iTregs in CIA are likely maintained through the generation of tolerogenic DCsin vivo.

scholarly journals Blocking LINGO-1 in vivo reduces degeneration and enhances regeneration of the optic nerve

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 205521731664170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa M Gresle ◽  
Yaou Liu ◽  
Trevor J Kilpatrick ◽  
Dennis Kemper ◽  
Qi-Zhu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Axonal Loss ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Acute Optic Neuritis ◽  
Injury Models

Background Two ongoing phase II clinical trials (RENEW and SYNERGY) have been developed to test the efficacy of anti-LINGO-1 antibodies in acute optic neuritis and relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, respectively. Across a range of experimental models, LINGO-1 has been found to inhibit neuron and oligodendrocyte survival, axon regeneration, and (re)myelination. The therapeutic effects of anti-LINGO-1 antibodies on optic nerve axonal loss and regeneration have not yet been investigated. Objective In this series of studies we investigate if LINGO-1 antibodies can prevent acute inflammatory axonal loss, and promote axonal regeneration after injury in rodent optic nerves. Methods The effects of anti-LINGO-1 antibody on optic nerve axonal damage were assessed using rodent myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and its effects on axonal regeneration were assessed in optic nerve crush injury models. Results In the optic nerve, anti-LINGO-1 antibody therapy was associated with improved optic nerve parallel diffusivity measures on MRI in mice with EAE and reduced axonal loss in rat EAE. Both anti-LINGO-1 antibody therapy and the genetic deletion of LINGO-1 reduced nerve crush-induced axonal degeneration and enhanced axonal regeneration. Conclusion These data demonstrate that LINGO-1 blockade is associated with axonal protection and regeneration in the injured optic nerve.

scholarly journals iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of the Protective Effect of Yinchenwuling Powder on Hyperlipidemic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zheyu Zhang ◽  
Wenbo Wang ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Xin Cao ◽  
Gonghui Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Chinese Medicine Formula ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Proteomics Technology ◽  
Proteomics Research

Yinchenwuling powder (YCL) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine formula to modulate lipid levels. In this study, we established hyperlipidemic rat models and treated them with YCL. The serum concentrations of lipid, malondialdehyde (MDA), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were measured. Adventitia-free vascular proteins between hyperlipidemic rats and YCL-treated rats were identified using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics research approach. Proteins with 1.3-fold difference were analyzed through bioinformatics, and proteomic results were verified by Western blot. The results showed that the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, ET-1, and MDA were significantly decreased, whereas the HDL-C and CGRP levels were significantly increased in the YCL-treated group. Proteomics technology identified 4,382 proteins, and 15 proteins were selected on the basis of their expression levels and bioinformatics. Of these proteins, 2 (Adipoq and Gsta1) were upregulated and 13 (C3, C4, C6, Cfh, Cfp, C8g, C8b, Lgals1, Fndc1, Fgb, Fgg, Kng1, and ApoH) were downregulated in the YCL-treated rats. Their functions were related to immunity, inflammation, coagulation and hemostasis, oxidation and antioxidation, and lipid metabolism and transport. The validated results of ApoH were consistent with the proteomics results. This study enhanced our understanding on the therapeutic effects and mechanism of YCL on hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals Design and development of experimental models for textile structures integrated in wound dressings applied in curative therapy of inflammatory skin diseases, using specific instruments of descriptive statistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
CARMEN MIHAI ◽  
CRISTINA GROSU ◽  
LAURA CHIRILA ◽  
SABINA OLARU ◽  
ALINA POPESCU
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
The Moment

Wound dressing is a key factor of the wound management system, having as main objective the stimulation of the healing process for a variety of inflammatory skin diseases. To maximize the therapeutic effects, innovative medical devices with integrated drug delivery system become of real interest during the last decade. For the realization of the optimal woven fabrics used as a substrate for various active principles, such as propolis and cinnamon essential oil, the multivariate linear regression analysis was used to elaborate the conceptual models on the basis of which the experimental models of the textile supports were designed. Using as input data the characteristics of the selected yarns (breaking force, elongation at break, torsion/twist, hygroscopicity), one can predict the structural parameters of the woven fabrics (raw materials, yarn density, lengths of the underlaps) and also the assembly and adjusting parameters for the machinery from weaving preparation and weaving sectors (advance and height of the drum, reed width, drawing-in, input/output of the gripper, cross unevenness reed, stationary in maximum open lease, the moment of the grippers opening, impulse time, the moment of the shaft smoothening, etc.). The validation of the elaborated conceptual models it was confirmed by the registered yields in the range of 88–96 %, during the weaving process

scholarly journals The Effect of Allium cepa Extract on Lung Oxidant, Antioxidant, and Immunological Biomarkers in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Marefati ◽  
N. Eftekhar ◽  
M. Kaveh ◽  
J. Boskabadi ◽  
F. Beheshti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Immunological Markers ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Antioxidant Markers ◽  
Post Hoc

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of Allium cepa (A. cepa) on levels of oxidants, antioxidants, and immunological markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of sensitized rats. Materials and Methods: Oxidant/antioxidant markers and cytokines in BALF of control rats treated with saline (group C), ovalbumin-sensitized rats (group S), rats treated with 1.25 μg/mL dexamethasone and 3 doses of A. cepa extract (35, 70, and 140 mg/kg body weight [BW]/day) (S + AC) were investigated. Comparison of the results between groups was performed using analysis of variance with the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. Results: The oxidant markers nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrate (NO3–), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and immunological markers interleukin (IL)-4 and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were significantly higher, but the antioxidant markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thiol, and interferon (IFN)-γ, and the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were lower in sensitized rats compared to control rats (p < 0.001 to p < 0.01). Compared to group S, the levels of the following markers were significantly lower: NO2, NO3–, and IgE in groups treated with the A. cepa extract, MDA and IL-4 levels in groups treated with 70 and 140 mg/kg BW/day of the A. cepa extract, and all these markers as well as IFN-γ in rats treated with dexamethasone (p < 0.001 to p < 0.05). However, there were significantly higher levels of SOD and CAT and an increased IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio (groups treated with 70 and 140 mg/kg BW/day of the A. cepa extract), and levels of thiol and IFN-γ (group treated with 140 mg/kg BW/day of the A. cepa extract) as well as SOD, CAT, and thiol (dexamethasone-treated group) versus group S (p < 0.00 to p < 0.05). Conclusion: A. cepa showed antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties in sensitized rats.

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